CN103497025A - Method for preparing grifola frondosa cultivation material through utilization of pecan production and processing waste - Google Patents
Method for preparing grifola frondosa cultivation material through utilization of pecan production and processing waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN103497025A CN103497025A CN201310501842.0A CN201310501842A CN103497025A CN 103497025 A CN103497025 A CN 103497025A CN 201310501842 A CN201310501842 A CN 201310501842A CN 103497025 A CN103497025 A CN 103497025A
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- grifola frondosa
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- caryae cathayensis
- semen caryae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a grifola frondosa cultivation material. The grifola frondosa cultivation material is characterized in that pecan branch scraps, outer shell scraps and shell scraps are used as main raw materials, corncobs, rice bran, bean cakes, humus mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate and the like are used as auxiliary materials, and the water content of the cultivation material is 63%-65%. The invention further provides a method for preparing the cultivation material. The grifola frondosa cultivation material and the method have the advantages that the pecan branch scraps, the outer shell scraps and the shell scraps undergo sun exposure and secondary fermentation or piled ageing treatment, poisonous bacteriostat is degraded, macromolecular substances such as xylogen, cellulose and the like are decomposed into simple materials which can be absorbed by grifola frondosa hyphae easily, and the growth of the grifola frondosa hyphae is promoted; the cultivation material is reasonable in proportion, fungous materials are good in breathability and strong in water-retaining property, grifola frondosa is good in growth and high in yield, and the biological efficiency of the grifola frondosa reaches 90.2%-102.5%; a solution to innocent treatment of pecan branches, outer shells and shells is provided, and a novel matrix for grifola frondosa cultivation is further found out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make the Grifola frondosa planting material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to the fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Grifola frondosa has another name called chestnut mushroom, polyporus frondosus, lotus flower bacterium etc., a kind of food, medicinal fungus of preciousness, its sporophore is similar to lotus flower in full bloom, fan-shaped cap is layer after layer, fresh and tender sporophore aromatic flavour, be rich in amino acid, polysaccharide and biologically active substance, there is the effect that strengthens body immunity, prevention of various diseases.In recent years, as a kind of high-class healthy food, one of main cultivated edible fungi kind that the market ，Shi the World Food Programmes such as Japan in fashion, Singapore widely popularize.
The wood-decay fungi of warm type, happiness light, oxygen consumption in the ash tree Pittosporum, its artificial culture materials mostly are deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, cotton seed hulls etc. at present, but nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, the cultivation cost is more and more higher, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory, be a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has so far more than 500 year, mainly is distributed in around the temmoku mountain area of Zhejiang, two provinces boundaries, Anhui, is located in north latitude 29
0-31
0, east longitude 118
0-120
0, total cultivated area is 8.67 ten thousand hm approximately
2, more than 20,000 tons of annual production.
In Semen Caryae Cathayensis production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch produced after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, the annual branch enormous amount fallen from the pruning of Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, however these branches are not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell (being formed by exocarp and mesocarp).The Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis of every output just has the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, (Semen Caryae Cathayensis produces in mountain area some woods that shelled also after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and not and the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption also all too is limited, and therefore a large amount of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; The 3rd, the Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, the Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, be the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer forms.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell produced is concentrated in a large number, the most of enterprise of these shells is processed it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment.
The Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell dried contains xylogen approximately 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin approximately 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 11%.Above these components, can grow essential carbon source is provided for Grifola frondosa.But, because this three classes waste also contains the materials such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of Grifola frondosa mycelia, so wish utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell cultivation Grifola frondosa, and key is to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly the shortage today, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivation Grifola frondosa of shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the Grifola frondosa planting material compatibility that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell be main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Grifola frondosa planting material compatibility, following component and quality proportioning are arranged: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-16%, Pu shell bits 16%-20%, shell bits 23%-33%, corn cob 18%, rice bran 12%, soya-bean cake 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then it is put to outdoor naturally stack (the windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and ditch is arranged, not ponding), the high 1.5m-2m of stockpile, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (the wood grain water content reaches capacity), and the stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In the heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in turning in every 2 months, and time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, will expect fully to dry, and collect standby.
Pu shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then it is put to outdoor naturally stack (the windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and ditch is arranged, not ponding), the high 2m-3m of stockpile, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity), and the stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In the heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in every 20d turning, and time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, will expect fully to dry, and collect standby.
Shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Corn cob: through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.Add corn cob both to improve planting material sugar and vitamin contents, strengthened again water retention capacity.
Rice bran: be by product when after rice hulling, essence is ground rice, contain protein 12%-18% in rice bran, nitrogen-free extract is 28%-43%, sugared 3%-8%, in addition, also rich in mineral substances nutrient substance, vitamin B group and vitamin-E etc. in rice bran.
Soya-bean cake: be a kind of byproduct obtained after soybean extract oil, the main component of soya-bean cake is: crude protein 38.73%, nitrogen-free extract 26.59%, robust fibre 5.30%, fat 6.83%, mineral substance 4.93%.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provide phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Light calcium carbonate: provide calcareous, stablize potential of hydrogen.
The making method of planting material, comprise the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm on heap, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, rice bran, soya-bean cake, soil ulmin mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate during last turning, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material is after the access bacterial classification, the plastics stopper is changed into to tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 32d-35d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, rice bran, soya-bean cake, soil ulmin mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate, making Grifola frondosa planting material.Its advantage is: the one, and Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, the poisonous bacteriostatics of both having degraded, make again the macromolecular substance such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose be decomposed into and be conducive to the simple material that the Grifola frondosa mycelia absorbs, promoted the growth of Grifola frondosa mycelia; The 2nd, the planting material reasonable ratio, bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and the Grifola frondosa growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 90.2%-102.5%; The 3rd, not only the harmless treatment for Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell provides a terms of settlement, also for the Grifola frondosa cultivation, has found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, the Grifola frondosa planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%, Pu shell bits 16%, shell bits 33%, corn cob 18%, rice bran 12%, soya-bean cake 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2 m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, after carrying out heap, pat surrounding, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm on heap, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, rice bran, soya-bean cake, soil ulmin mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate during last turning, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning is 4 times altogether, time remaining 6d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material, after the access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by the plastics stopper, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%, through the cultivation of 35d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of Grifola frondosa reaches 102.5%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, the Grifola frondosa planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 12%, Pu shell bits 18%, shell bits 28%, corn cob 18%, rice bran 12%, soya-bean cake 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Grifola frondosa reaches 95.7%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, the Grifola frondosa planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 16%, Pu shell bits 20%, shell bits 23%, corn cob 18%, rice bran 12%, soya-bean cake 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Grifola frondosa reaches 90.2%.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on the Grifola frondosa biological efficiency
Claims (9)
1. a Grifola frondosa planting material, it is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-16%, Pu shell bits 16%-20%, shell bits 23%-33%, corn cob 18%, rice bran 12%, soya-bean cake 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of Grifola frondosa planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the branch that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits fall for the pruning of Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of Grifola frondosa planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Pu shell bits are for Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm.
4. a kind of Grifola frondosa planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, must be through the natural packing fermentation, during windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (bits grain water content reaches capacity), the Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered turning in every two months to be worth doing once, composting time remaining 1 year, and the Pu shell is considered every 20d turning to be worth doing once, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, will expect fully to dry, collect standby.
5. a kind of Grifola frondosa planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described shell bits are the Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, then it is deposited in to air seasoning place, and ageing 1 year is standby.
6. a kind of Grifola frondosa planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described soya-bean cake is a kind of byproduct obtained after soybean extract oil.
7. a kind of Grifola frondosa planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that Tu Wei mountain, described soil ulmin mountain mud table soil, be dry branches and fallen leaves pile up for many years rot mutually to mix with soil, the leaf-humidified soil of self-assembling formation.
8. the making method of the Grifola frondosa planting material described in a claim 1-7 is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm on heap, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, rice bran, soya-bean cake, soil ulmin mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate during last turning, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
9. utilize the Grifola frondosa planting material described in claim 1-8, after it is characterized in that accessing bacterial classification, the plastics stopper is changed into to tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 32d-35d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.
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| CN104557325A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-04-29 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing grifola frondosa cultivation material |
| CN104584867A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Grifola frondosa cultivation method |
| CN104725119A (en) * | 2015-03-01 | 2015-06-24 | 邬金梅 | Preparation method of grifola frondosa cultivation material |
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| CN104557325A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-04-29 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing grifola frondosa cultivation material |
| CN104584867A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Grifola frondosa cultivation method |
| CN104744123A (en) * | 2015-03-01 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Preparation method of grifola frondosa cultivation material |
| CN104744122A (en) * | 2015-03-01 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Preparation method of grifola frondosa cultivation material |
| CN104725119A (en) * | 2015-03-01 | 2015-06-24 | 邬金梅 | Preparation method of grifola frondosa cultivation material |
| CN104737780A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method for grifola frondosa |
| CN104829290A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-08-12 | 邬金梅 | Grifola frondosa cultivation material making method |
| CN104829289A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-08-12 | 邬金梅 | Grifola frondosa cultivation material making method |
| CN104782396A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-22 | 邬金飞 | Cultivation method for maitake |
| CN104782397A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-22 | 邬金飞 | Cultivation method for maitake |
| CN105993601A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-12 | 临沂真源观光农业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating polyporus frondosus by means of hazelnut byproducts |
| CN107226746A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-10-03 | 杭州木木生物科技有限公司 | A kind of blueberry planting matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN107759290A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-03-06 | 罗宇 | A kind of grifola frondosus culture base-material and preparation method thereof |
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