CN103524180B - Method for preparing ganoderma lucidum cultivation material by using production waste of pecan - Google Patents
Method for preparing ganoderma lucidum cultivation material by using production waste of pecan Download PDFInfo
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- CN103524180B CN103524180B CN201310498188.2A CN201310498188A CN103524180B CN 103524180 B CN103524180 B CN 103524180B CN 201310498188 A CN201310498188 A CN 201310498188A CN 103524180 B CN103524180 B CN 103524180B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ganoderma lucidum cultivation material. The ganoderma lucidum cultivation material is characterized by taking branch crumb of pecan, cattail shell crumb, and fruit shell crumb as the main raw material and taking cottonseed shell, bran, soybean powder, superphosphate and light calcium carbonate as the auxiliary material, and the water content of the cultivation material is 63%-65%. The invention also relates to a method for preparing the cultivation material. The method has the advantages that firstly, after sunlight exposure, secondary fermentation or stacking ageing treatment of the branch crumb of the pecan, cattail shell crumb, and fruit shell crumb, poisonous anti-bacterial substances are degraded, macromolecule such as lignin and fibers are decomposed into simple materials favorably absorbed by ganoderma lucidum hypha, so that the growth of ganoderma lucidum hypha is promoted; secondly, the cultivation material is reasonable in material proportioning, and has good air permeability and strong water-retaining property, the ganoderma lucidum grows well and has high yield, and the biological efficiency (of dried ganoderma lucidum) reaches 12.5%-14.0%; and thirdly, a method for harmless treatment of branch of pecan, cattail shell and fruit shell is proposed, furthermore, a new matrix for ganoderma lucidum cultivation is found.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make ganoderma lucidum cultivation material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Glossy ganoderma, also known as Ganoderma Lucidum, Ganoderma, Ganoderma lucidum seu Japonicum, is a kind of rare Chinese medicine in China's medical treasure-house, is collection health care and the medicinal edible mushrooms for the whole body.
The middle and high warm type wood-decay fungi of Ganoderma, its artificial culture materials mostly are deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, cotton seed hulls etc. at present, but nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, and therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory is a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has more than 500 year so far, be mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui two province have a common boundary temmoku mountain area around, be located in north latitude 29
0-31
0, east longitude 118
0-120
0, total cultivated area about 8.67 ten thousand hm
2, annual production more than 20,000 ton.
Produce Semen Caryae Cathayensis and in the course of processing, three class wastes can be produced.One is the branch produced after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, prune the branch enormous amount fallen every year, but these branches is not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood from Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden; Two is pecan shell (being made up of exocarp and mesocarp).Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and every output 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis, just have the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, some is shelled, and (Semen Caryae Cathayensis produces in mountain area also woods after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and do not go back the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption is also all too limited, and therefore a large amount of pecan shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; Three is Semen Caryae Cathayensis shells, i.e. Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, is the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer is formed.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell produced is concentrated in a large number, these shell major part enterprises it can be used as waste to process, and both increase production cost, again contaminate environment.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Pecan shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell dried contains xylogen about 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose about 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the composition such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin about 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose about 11%.These components above, can provide required carbon source for glossy ganoderma grows.But because this three classes waste is also containing the material such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, and therefore for utilizing Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell cultivating ganoderma, key to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivating ganodermas of shell, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of ganoderma lucidum cultivation material compatibility that is main raw material with Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of ganoderma lucidum cultivation material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%-16%, Pu shell bits 20%-24%, shell bits 25%-35%, cotton seed hulls 16%, wheat bran 12%, soyflour 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then put outdoor naturally stacking (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), stockpile height 1.5m-2m, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer Bian Dui limit to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening (wood grain water content reaches capacity) at ordinary times, and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects for subsequent use in turning in every 2 months.
Pu shell bits: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then put outdoor naturally stacking (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), stockpile height 2m-3m, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer Bian Dui limit to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity) at ordinary times, and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects for subsequent use in every 20d turning.
Shell is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process.Wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Soyflour: soybean drying, pulverizing form.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Light calcium carbonate: provide calcareous, stablize potential of hydrogen.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet (fully drenched) with water thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, soyflour, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow during last turning, turning 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Planting material is after access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 32d-34d, mycelia covers with pocket, and the method adopting outdoor cool canopy earthing to go out sesame carries out sesame management.
The present invention for main raw material with Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, soyflour, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate, makes ganoderma lucidum cultivation material.Its advantage is: one is Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, both poisonous bacteriostatics had been degraded, the simple material making again the macromolecular substance such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose be decomposed into be conducive to Ganoderma lucidum mycelium to absorb, facilitates the growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium; Two is that culture utilization is reasonable, and bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and glossy ganoderma growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency (dry sesame meter) reaches 12.5%-14.0%; Three be not only Chinese walnut branch, Pu shell, shell harmless treatment provide a terms of settlement, also for cultivation of glossy ganoderma have found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, ganoderma lucidum cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%, Pu shell bits 20%, shell bits 35%, cotton seed hulls 16%, wheat bran 12%, soyflour 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet (fully drenched) with water thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2 m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, after carrying out heap, pats surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, soyflour, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow during last turning, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining 6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 24 DEG C, humid control 65%, through the cultivation of 34d, mycelia covers with pocket, and the method adopting outdoor cool canopy earthing to go out sesame carries out sesame management.The biological efficiency (dry sesame meter) of glossy ganoderma reaches 14.0%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, ganoderma lucidum cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 13%, Pu shell bits 22%, shell bits 30%, cotton seed hulls 16%, wheat bran 12%, soyflour 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency (dry sesame meter) of glossy ganoderma reaches 13.2%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, ganoderma lucidum cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 16%, Pu shell bits 24%, shell bits 25%, cotton seed hulls 16%, wheat bran 12%, soyflour 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency (dry sesame meter) of glossy ganoderma reaches 12.5%.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of glossy ganoderma biological efficiency
Claims (1)
1. the making method of a ganoderma lucidum cultivation material, it is characterized in that: described planting material is containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%-16%, Pu shell bits 20%-24%, shell bits 25%-35%, cotton seed hulls 16%, wheat bran 12%, soyflour 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered to be worth doing as pruning the branch fallen in Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm; Described Pu shell bits are pecan shell, through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm; Described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits have to pass through natural packing fermentation, during windrow, answer Bian Dui limit to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening at ordinary times, bits grain water content reaches capacity, and the turning in every two months of Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits once, composting time remaining 1 year, Pu shell considers every 20d turning to be worth doing once, and time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, material is fully dried, collects for subsequent use; Described shell bits are Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, are then deposited in air seasoning place, and ageing 1 year is for subsequent use; The wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat; The making method of described planting material is:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet with water thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, soyflour, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate auxiliary material, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow during last turning, turning 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C;
After made planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 32d-34d, mycelia covers with pocket, and the method adopting outdoor cool canopy earthing to go out sesame carries out sesame management.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN104276879A (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2015-01-14 | 安徽省华之慧生态农业发展有限公司 | Agaricus subrufescens culture medium with hickory hulls as raw materials and preparation method of agaricus subrufescens culture medium |
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| CN104672000A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-06-03 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of ganoderma lucidum cultivation material |
| CN104604526A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Lucid ganoderma cultivation method |
| CN104541997A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-04-29 | 邬金梅 | Method for culturing ganoderma lucidum |
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