CN103641613B - Method for manufacturing oyster cap fungus culture material from sunflower byproducts - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing oyster cap fungus culture material from sunflower byproducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641613B CN103641613B CN201310648960.4A CN201310648960A CN103641613B CN 103641613 B CN103641613 B CN 103641613B CN 201310648960 A CN201310648960 A CN 201310648960A CN 103641613 B CN103641613 B CN 103641613B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to an oyster cap fungus culture material which is characterized in that sunflower byproducts, including sunflower heads, sunflower straws, sunflower seed husks and sunflower seed cakes, are used as main raw materials; corn cob, lime powder, gypsum powder, calcium superphosphate and the like are used as auxiliary materials; and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. The method has the following advantages: the raw materials are proportioned reasonably to promote the physical behavior complementation and nutrient complementation of the culture material, so that the culture material has favorable air permeability and high water retention property, and the oyster cap fungus hypha can grow vigorously; the culture material has the advantages of balanced nutrition, good growth vigor of sporophores and high yield, and the biological efficiency is up to 108.4-115.7%; and the method provides a solution for innocent treatment of sunflower heads, sunflower straws and sunflower seed husks, and finds out a new substrate for culturing oyster cap fungus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Sunflower Receptacle by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts to make Pleurotus abalonus planting material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus abalonus has another name called Taiwan flat mushroom, Hei Baoer, is subordinate to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, pleurotus, is a kind of rare mushroom kind.Pleurotus abalonus bacterial context is plump, stem is sturdy, tender and crisp good to eat, rich in proteins, amino acid, polysaccharide etc., and wherein Pleurotus abalonus polysaccharide is the important biologically active substance of a class, is called as in the world " biological response modifier (BRMs) " or immunostimulant.BRMs can pass through stimulating immune system, regulates the biological respinse of human body, is expected to reach the object for the treatment of various diseases, and therefore cultivating Pleurotus abalonus has future develop.
Pleurotus abalonus belongs to high temperature modification wood-decay fungi, its artificial culture materials mostly are deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, cotton seed hulls etc. at present, but nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Sunflower Receptacle, composite family annual herb plant, has another name called sunflower, turns a day lotus, originates in the west and south of North America, imports China's history of existing more than 400 year into.As a kind of important oil resource, its output is only second to soybean in the world.In China, Sunflower Receptacle cultivation is also more extensive, is mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, at present cultivated area approximately 960,000 hm
2, sunflower seeds annual production approaches 2,000,000 t.
As Sunflower Receptacle big producing country, China has realized to the utilization of Sunflower Receptacle the suitability for industrialized production that sunflower seed oil extracts.Sunflower Receptacle except sunflower seeds is edible and oil expression, the comprehensive utilization of its by product Receptaculum Helianthi (sloughing the sunflower plate of sunflower seeds), Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell (certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell) and sunflower seeds grouts also has a large amount of research, but utilization ratio is still very low so far.
Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi output is about as much as 50% of seed production, and China approximately produces 1,000,000 t Receptaculum Helianthi every year, utilizes at present that method has fermentation and biogas production, also field and fodder are processed three major types, but major part is still incinerated, and causes the significant wastage of resource; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell output is about as much as 35% of seed production, approximately has every year 700000 t, these certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shells, and most of processing enterprise processes it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment; Sunflower Stalk is upright, sturdy, and biomass is high, and all the time, a large amount of Sunflower Stalk is all burned in the fields, and crop straw burning is serious environment pollution not only, brings potential safety hazard more can to traffic, civil aviaton etc.
According to surveying and determination: Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi powder contains crude protein 15.82%, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.10%-23.5%, nitrogen-free extract 42.10%, also contain calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%; Sunflower Stalk contains crude protein 4.9%, robust fibre 45.6%-54.04%, nitrogen-free extract 35.7%; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell contains crude protein 5.4%-5.5%, crude fat 1.6%, crude fibre 47.4%-51.1%, also contains the trace elements such as zinc 0.045%, magnesium 0.23%, calcium 0.35%-0.44%, phosphorus 0.08%-0.10%; By product when sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefaction, its protein content reaches 38%-42%, Methionin 1.0%-1.2%, methionine(Met) 0.6%-0.7%, nutritive value is higher.These components above, carbon source, the nitrogenous source that can grow and provide essential for Pleurotus abalonus.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly shortage today, if the by product Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivation Pleurotus abalonus of sunflower seed shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the Pleurotus abalonus planting material compatibility that Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell and sunflower seeds grouts are main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A Pleurotus abalonus planting material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 18%-22%, Sunflower Stalk bits 16%-22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 25%-35%, corn cob 20%, sunflower seeds grouts 8%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Receptaculum Helianthi bits: the particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
Sunflower Stalk bits: the particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet: the fine platy particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Corn cob: the particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm.Corn cob contains crude protein 2%, Mierocrystalline cellulose 35.64%, half fiber 31.42%, full nitrogen 0.38%.
Sunflower seeds grouts: by product during sunflower seeds liquefaction.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient are provided.
Lime powder, terra alba: regulate, stablize the potential of hydrogen of planting material, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole corn cobs, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 24 ℃-25 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 24d-26d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and the sunflower seeds grouts of Sunflower Receptacle are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, lime powder, terra alba, calcium superphosphate, makes Pleurotus abalonus planting material.Its advantage is: the one, and reasonable raw material proportioning, the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient have been promoted, make bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity strong, Pleurotus abalonus mycelial growth is vigorous, planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, sporophore growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 108.4%-115.7%; The 2nd, not only the harmless treatment for Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell provides a terms of settlement, also for a kind of new matrix has been found in Pleurotus abalonus cultivation.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus abalonus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 18%, Sunflower Stalk bits 16%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 35%, corn cob 20%, sunflower seeds grouts 8%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2 m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 500kg, carries out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole corn cobs, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%, through the cultivation of 26d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.The planting material cultivation Pleurotus abalonus that utilizes the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 115.7%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus abalonus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 20%, Sunflower Stalk bits 19%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 30%, corn cob 20%, sunflower seeds grouts 8%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The planting material cultivation Pleurotus abalonus that utilizes the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 110.9%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus abalonus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 22%, Sunflower Stalk bits 22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 25%, corn cob 20%, sunflower seeds grouts 8%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The planting material cultivation Pleurotus abalonus that utilizes the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 108.4%.
The Pleurotus abalonus biological efficiency of table different modes planting material
Unit (%)
Claims (2)
1. a Pleurotus abalonus planting material, it is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 18%-22%, Sunflower Stalk bits 16%-22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 25%-35%, corn cob 20%, sunflower seeds grouts 8%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Receptaculum Helianthi bits are sunflower plates of sloughing sunflower seeds, through drying the particle that is ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Sunflower Stalk bits are Sunflower Receptacle stem stalks, through drying the particle that is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
4. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet be Sunflower Receptacle sunflower seed shell, through drying the fine platy particle that is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
5. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that by product when described sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefaction.
6. the making method of a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, with 1% lime aqueous solution, prewet thereafter;
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole corn cobs, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to below 25 ℃.
7. the using method of a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that accessing after bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 24 ℃-25 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 24d-26d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.
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| CN201310648960.4A CN103641613B (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2013-12-06 | Method for manufacturing oyster cap fungus culture material from sunflower byproducts |
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| CN107522544A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-29 | 广西钟山县富强雅瑶华香农业有限公司 | A kind of cloud ear special culture media made using sunflower accessory substance |
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| CN101597192A (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-09 | 姚淑先 | Chinese herb culture medium, its preparation method and culturing edible fungi |
| CN102060587A (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2011-05-18 | 孙伟 | Abalone mushroom culture material |
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