CN103641616B - Method for manufacturing Pleurotus citrinopileatus culture material from sunflower byproducts - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing Pleurotus citrinopileatus culture material from sunflower byproducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641616B CN103641616B CN201310660602.5A CN201310660602A CN103641616B CN 103641616 B CN103641616 B CN 103641616B CN 201310660602 A CN201310660602 A CN 201310660602A CN 103641616 B CN103641616 B CN 103641616B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Pleurotus citrinopileatus culture material which is characterized in that sunflower byproducts, including sunflower heads, sunflower straws, sunflower seed husks and sunflower seed cakes, are used as main raw materials; bran, sunflower seed cakes, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials; and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. The method has the following advantages: the raw materials are proportioned reasonably to promote the physical behavior complementation and nutrient complementation of the culture material, so that the culture material has favorable air permeability and high water retention property, and the Pleurotus citrinopileatus hypha can grow vigorously; the culture material has the advantages of balanced nutrition, good growth vigor of sporophores and high yield, and the biological efficiency is up to 140.6-148.3%; and the method provides a solution for innocent treatment of sunflower heads, sunflower straws and sunflower seed husks, and finds out a new substrate for culturing Pleurotus citrinopileatus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Sunflower Receptacle by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts to make YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
YUHUANG MUSHROOM has another name called Pleurotus Citrinopileatus Sing, goldentop mushroom, Pleurotus citrinopileatus etc., because being common in YUHUANG MUSHROOM of gaining the name on saprophytic elm deadwood.Tame YUHUANG MUSHROOM is that imbricate is grown thickly, and cap base portion is recessed is horn-like, and edge is open and flat, and in wavy, many caps are stacked to cluster together, just like the flower of a branch of gold, and form elegant.The nutritive ingredients such as YUHUANG MUSHROOM rich in proteins, fat, carbohydrate and multivitamin, nutritious, delicate mouthfeel is tender and crisp, delicious flavour, smell delicate fragrance.In addition, YUHUANG MUSHROOM also has the medicinal health value of nourishing and fit keeping function.
YUHUANG MUSHROOM is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, mushroom agriculture is all using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material aborning.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, cotton seed hulls class cost of material continuous rise, therefore each production unit is all attached great importance to and is looked for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Sunflower Receptacle, composite family annual herb plant, has another name called sunflower, turns day lotus, originate in the west and south of North America, imports the history that China has more than 400 year into.As a kind of important oil resource, its output is only second to soybean in the world.Also comparatively extensive in China's Sunflower Receptacle cultivation, be mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, current cultivated area about 960,000 hm
2, sunflower seeds annual production is close to 2,000,000 t.
As Sunflower Receptacle big producing country, China has achieved the suitability for industrialized production of sunflower seed oil extraction to the utilization of Sunflower Receptacle.Sunflower Receptacle is except sunflower seeds is edible and except oil expression, the comprehensive utilization of its by product Receptaculum Helianthi (sloughing the sunflower plate of sunflower seeds), Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell (certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell) and sunflower seeds grouts also has large quantifier elimination, but utilization ratio is still very low so far.
Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi output is about as much as 50% of seed production, and China is annual about produces 1,000,000 t Receptaculum Helianthi, and current Application way has fermentation and biogas production, also field and fodder process three major types, but major part is still incinerated, and causes the significant wastage of resource; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell output is about as much as 35% of seed production, about has 700,000 t every year, these certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shells, and most of processing enterprise it can be used as waste to process, and both increases production cost, again contaminate environment; Sunflower Stalk is upright, and sturdy, biomass is high, and all the time, a large amount of Sunflower Stalk is burned all in the fields, and crop straw burning is serious environment pollution not only, brings potential safety hazard more can to traffic, civil aviaton etc.
According to surveying and determination: Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi powder contains crude protein 15.82%, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.10%-23.5%, nitrogen-free extract 42.10%, also containing calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%; Sunflower Stalk contains crude protein 4.9%, robust fibre 45.6%-54.04%, nitrogen-free extract 35.7%; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell contains crude protein 5.4%-5.5%, crude fat 1.6%, crude fibre 47.4%-51.1%, also containing trace elements such as zinc 0.045%, magnesium 0.23%, calcium 0.35%-0.44%, phosphorus 0.08%-0.10%; By product when sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefactions, its protein content reaches 38%-42%, Methionin 1.0%-1.2%, and methionine(Met) 0.6%-0.7%, nutritive value is higher.These components above, to grow carbon source, the nitrogenous source providing required for YUHUANG MUSHROOM.
In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if the by product Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material of sunflower seed shell cultivation YUHUANG MUSHROOM, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material compatibility that is main raw material with Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell and sunflower seeds grouts
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 25%-35%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%-22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 24%-30%, wheat bran 15%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces: the fine platy particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process, wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Sunflower seeds grouts: a kind of byproduct obtained during sunflower seeds liquefaction.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Lime powder, terra alba: the potential of hydrogen regulating, stablize planting material, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 22d-24d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, terra alba with the by product-Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts, makes YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material.Its advantage is: one is reasonable raw material proportioning, facilitate the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient, make bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity strong, YUHUANG MUSHROOM mycelial growth is vigorous, planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, sporophore growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 140.6%-148.3%; Two be not only Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell harmless treatment provide a terms of settlement, also for YUHUANG MUSHROOM cultivation have found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 25%, Sunflower Stalk bits 22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 30%, wheat bran 15%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2 m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, and then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 24 DEG C, and humid control is 65%, and through the cultivation of 24d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.Utilize the planting material cultivation YUHUANG MUSHROOM of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 148.3%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 30%, Sunflower Stalk bits 20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 27%, wheat bran 15%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material cultivation YUHUANG MUSHROOM of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 145.0%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 35%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 24%, wheat bran 15%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material cultivation YUHUANG MUSHROOM of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 140.6%.
The YUHUANG MUSHROOM biological efficiency of table different modes planting material
Unit (%)
Claims (2)
1. a YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material, it is characterized in that containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 25%-35%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%-22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 24%-30%, wheat bran 15%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%; The making method of described YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material is:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, prewet with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
2. a kind of YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Receptaculum Helianthi bits be slough sunflower seeds sunflower plate, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Sunflower Stalk bits are Sunflower Receptacle stem stalks, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
4. a kind of YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces be Sunflower Receptacle sunflower seed shell, through drying the fine platy particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
5. a kind of YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat.
6. a kind of YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that a kind of byproduct that described sunflower seeds grouts obtain when being sunflower seeds liquefactions.
7. the application of a kind of YUHUANG MUSHROOM planting material according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that made planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 22d-24d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN104604534A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation method |
| CN104584877A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation method |
| CN104737789A (en) * | 2015-03-15 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivating method |
| CN104782398A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-22 | 邬金飞 | Cultivating method for pleurotus citrinopileatus sing |
| CN104782394A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-22 | 邬金飞 | Cultivating method for pleurotus citrinopileatus sing |
| CN107434697A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-12-05 | 桂林洁宇环保科技有限责任公司 | A kind of elm mushroom planting material using cotton stalk mulberry tree branch as main carbon source |
| CN107522544A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-29 | 广西钟山县富强雅瑶华香农业有限公司 | A kind of cloud ear special culture media made using sunflower accessory substance |
| CN107787763A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-03-13 | 张永强 | The Stropharia rugoso-annulata culture medium and stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method of a kind of high cultivating rate |
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| CN103314779A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-25 | 山东福禾菌业科技有限公司 | Method for producing pleurotus citrinopileatus by using pleurotus eryngii substrate |
| CN103396218A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-20 | 邬金飞 | Formula of Pleurotus citrinopileatus stock compost and preparation method of compost |
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