CN103641555B - Method for manufacturing pleurotus nebrodensis culture material from sunflower byproducts - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing pleurotus nebrodensis culture material from sunflower byproducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641555B CN103641555B CN201310649692.8A CN201310649692A CN103641555B CN 103641555 B CN103641555 B CN 103641555B CN 201310649692 A CN201310649692 A CN 201310649692A CN 103641555 B CN103641555 B CN 103641555B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pleurotus nebrodensis culture material which is characterized in that sunflower byproducts, including sunflower heads, sunflower straws, sunflower seed husks and sunflower seed cakes, are used as main raw materials; corn cob, bran, lime powder, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials; and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. The method has the following advantages: the raw materials are proportioned reasonably to promote the physical behavior complementation and nutrient complementation of the culture material, so that the culture material has favorable air permeability and high water retention property, and the pleurotus nebrodensis hypha can grow vigorously; the culture material has the advantages of balanced nutrition, good growth vigor of sporophores and high yield, and the biological efficiency is up to 120.2-128.5%; and the method provides a solution for innocent treatment of sunflower heads, sunflower straws and sunflower seed husks, and finds out a new substrate for culturing pleurotus nebrodensis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Sunflower Receptacle by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts to make Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus nebrodensis, also known as plerotus nebrodensis, is the white mutation of pleurotus eryngii.Its mushroom body colour pool is pure white, meat is fine and smooth, delicious flavour, rich in proteins 14.7%, fat 4.31%, robust fibre 15.4%, and total amino acid content is 10.6%, and containing various trace elements.Particularly the fungus polysaccharide isoreactivity material that is rich in of Pleurotus nebrodensis, has enhancing body immunity, regulates the effect of human body physiological equilibrium.Pleurotus nebrodensis is a kind of edible Rare edible fungus all very high with pharmaceutical use.
Pleurotus nebrodensis is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, mushroom agriculture is all using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material aborning.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, cotton seed hulls class cost of material continuous rise, therefore each production unit is all attached great importance to and is looked for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Sunflower Receptacle, composite family annual herb plant, has another name called sunflower, turns day lotus, originate in the west and south of North America, imports the history that China has more than 400 year into.As a kind of important oil resource, its output is only second to soybean in the world.Also comparatively extensive in China's Sunflower Receptacle cultivation, be mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, current cultivated area about 960,000 hm
2, sunflower seeds annual production is close to 2,000,000 t.
As Sunflower Receptacle big producing country, China has achieved the suitability for industrialized production of sunflower seed oil extraction to the utilization of Sunflower Receptacle.Sunflower Receptacle is except sunflower seeds is edible and except oil expression, the comprehensive utilization of its by product Receptaculum Helianthi (sloughing the sunflower plate of sunflower seeds), Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell (certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell) and sunflower seeds grouts also has large quantifier elimination, but utilization ratio is still very low so far.
Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi output is about as much as 50% of seed production, and China is annual about produces 1,000,000 t Receptaculum Helianthi, and current Application way has fermentation and biogas production, also field and fodder process three major types, but major part is still incinerated, and causes the significant wastage of resource; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell output is about as much as 35% of seed production, about has 700,000 t every year, these certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shells, and most of processing enterprise it can be used as waste to process, and both increases production cost, again contaminate environment; Sunflower Stalk is upright, and sturdy, biomass is high, and all the time, a large amount of Sunflower Stalk is burned all in the fields, and crop straw burning is serious environment pollution not only, brings potential safety hazard more can to traffic, civil aviaton etc.
According to surveying and determination: Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi powder contains crude protein 15.82%, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.10%-23.5%, nitrogen-free extract 42.10%, also containing calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%; Sunflower Stalk contains crude protein 4.9%, robust fibre 45.6%-54.04%, nitrogen-free extract 35.7%; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell contains crude protein 5.4%-5.5%, crude fat 1.6%, crude fibre 47.4%-51.1%, also containing trace elements such as zinc 0.045%, magnesium 0.23%, calcium 0.35%-0.44%, phosphorus 0.08%-0.10%; By product when sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefactions, its protein content reaches 38%-42%, Methionin 1.0%-1.2%, and methionine(Met) 0.6%-0.7%, nutritive value is higher.These components above, to grow carbon source, the nitrogenous source providing required for Pleurotus nebrodensis.
In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if the by product Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material of sunflower seed shell cultivation Pleurotus nebrodensis, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material compatibility that is main raw material with Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell and sunflower seeds grouts
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 22%-28%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%-22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 18%-28%, corn cob 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces: the fine platy particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Corn cob: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process, wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Sunflower seeds grouts: by product during sunflower seeds liquefaction.
Lime powder, terra alba: the potential of hydrogen regulating, stablize planting material, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole corn cob, wheat bran and sunflower seeds grouts during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 23 DEG C-25 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 23d-25d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, lime powder, terra alba with the by product-Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts, makes Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material.Its advantage is: one is reasonable raw material proportioning, facilitate the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient, make bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity strong, Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelial growth is vigorous, planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, sporophore growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 120.2%-128.5%; Two be not only Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell harmless treatment provide a terms of settlement, also for Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis have found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 22%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 28%, corn cob 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2 m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole corn cob, wheat bran and sunflower seeds grouts during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 25 DEG C, humid control 65%, through the cultivation of 25d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.Utilize the planting material cultivation Pleurotus nebrodensis of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 128.5%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 25%, Sunflower Stalk bits 20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 23%, corn cob 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material cultivation Pleurotus nebrodensis of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 125.3%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 28%, Sunflower Stalk bits 22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 18%, corn cob 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material cultivation Pleurotus nebrodensis of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 120.2%.
The Pleurotus nebrodensis biological efficiency of table different modes planting material
Unit (%)
Claims (1)
1. the making method of a Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material, it is characterized in that: described planting material is containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 22%-28%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%-22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 18%-28%, corn cob 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described Receptaculum Helianthi bits be slough sunflower seeds sunflower plate, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm; It is Sunflower Receptacle stem stalk that described Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm; Described certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces is Sunflower Receptacle sunflower seed shell, through drying the fine platy particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm; By product when described sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefactions; The wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat; The making method of described planting material is:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, prewet with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole corn cob, wheat bran and sunflower seeds grouts during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
After made planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 23 DEG C-25 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 23d-25d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.
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| CN104584880A (en) * | 2015-02-22 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation method |
| CN104744127A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation material |
| CN104725126A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation material |
| CN104770211A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-07-15 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus nebrodensis culture method |
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| CN108207493B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-01-03 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Straw rotting type edible fungus liquid strain culture medium, preparation method and application |
| CN108207492B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-01-03 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Wood-rot type edible fungus liquid strain culture medium, preparation method and application |
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