CN103641555A - Method for manufacturing pleurotus nebrodensis culture material from sunflower byproducts - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing pleurotus nebrodensis culture material from sunflower byproducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641555A CN103641555A CN201310649692.8A CN201310649692A CN103641555A CN 103641555 A CN103641555 A CN 103641555A CN 201310649692 A CN201310649692 A CN 201310649692A CN 103641555 A CN103641555 A CN 103641555A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pleurotus nebrodensis culture material which is characterized in that sunflower byproducts, including sunflower heads, sunflower straws, sunflower seed husks and sunflower seed cakes, are used as main raw materials; corn cob, bran, lime powder, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials; and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. The method has the following advantages: the raw materials are proportioned reasonably to promote the physical behavior complementation and nutrient complementation of the culture material, so that the culture material has favorable air permeability and high water retention property, and the pleurotus nebrodensis hypha can grow vigorously; the culture material has the advantages of balanced nutrition, good growth vigor of sporophores and high yield, and the biological efficiency is up to 120.2-128.5%; and the method provides a solution for innocent treatment of sunflower heads, sunflower straws and sunflower seed husks, and finds out a new substrate for culturing pleurotus nebrodensis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Sunflower Receptacle by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts to make Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus nebrodensis claims again white Resina Ferulae mushroom, is the white mutation that eryngo is picked up the ears.Its mushroom body colour pool is pure white, meat is fine and smooth, delicious flavour, rich in proteins 14.7%, and fat 4.31%, robust fibre 15.4%, total amino acid content is 10.6%, and contains various trace elements.The fungus polysaccharide isoreactivity material that particularly Pleurotus nebrodensis is rich in, has enhancing body immunity, regulates the effect of human body physiological equilibrium.Pleurotus nebrodensis is all very high rare edible mushroomss of a kind of edible and pharmaceutical use.
Pleurotus nebrodensis is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, mushroom agriculture is all to using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material aborning.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, cotton seed hulls class cost of material continuous rise, so each production unit is all attached great importance to and is looked for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Sunflower Receptacle, composite family annual herb plant, has another name called sunflower, turns a day lotus, originates in the west and south of North America, imports China's history of existing more than 400 year into.As a kind of important oil resource, its output is only second to soybean in the world.In China, Sunflower Receptacle cultivation is also more extensive, is mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, at present cultivated area approximately 960,000 hm
2, sunflower seeds annual production approaches 2,000,000 t.
As Sunflower Receptacle big producing country, China has realized to the utilization of Sunflower Receptacle the suitability for industrialized production that sunflower seed oil extracts.Sunflower Receptacle except sunflower seeds is edible and oil expression, the comprehensive utilization of its by product Receptaculum Helianthi (sloughing the sunflower plate of sunflower seeds), Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell (certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell) and sunflower seeds grouts also has a large amount of research, but utilization ratio is still very low so far.
Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi output is about as much as 50% of seed production, and China approximately produces 1,000,000 t Receptaculum Helianthi every year, utilizes at present that method has fermentation and biogas production, also field and fodder are processed three major types, but major part is still incinerated, and causes the significant wastage of resource; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell output is about as much as 35% of seed production, approximately has every year 700000 t, these certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shells, and most of processing enterprise processes it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment; Sunflower Stalk is upright, sturdy, and biomass is high, and all the time, a large amount of Sunflower Stalk is all burned in the fields, and crop straw burning is serious environment pollution not only, brings potential safety hazard more can to traffic, civil aviaton etc.
According to surveying and determination: Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi powder contains crude protein 15.82%, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.10%-23.5%, nitrogen-free extract 42.10%, also contain calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%; Sunflower Stalk contains crude protein 4.9%, robust fibre 45.6%-54.04%, nitrogen-free extract 35.7%; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell contains crude protein 5.4%-5.5%, crude fat 1.6%, crude fibre 47.4%-51.1%, also contains the trace elements such as zinc 0.045%, magnesium 0.23%, calcium 0.35%-0.44%, phosphorus 0.08%-0.10%; By product when sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefaction, its protein content reaches 38%-42%, Methionin 1.0%-1.2%, methionine(Met) 0.6%-0.7%, nutritive value is higher.These components above, carbon source, the nitrogenous source that can grow and provide essential for Pleurotus nebrodensis.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly shortage today, if the by product Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivation Pleurotus nebrodensis of sunflower seed shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material compatibility that Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell and sunflower seeds grouts are main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 22%-28%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%-22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 18%-28%, corn cob 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Receptaculum Helianthi bits: the particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
Sunflower Stalk bits: the particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet: the fine platy particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Corn cob: the particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
Wheat bran: wheat is separated wheat cortex in processing flour process, and wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Sunflower seeds grouts: by product during sunflower seeds liquefaction.
Lime powder, terra alba: regulate, stablize the potential of hydrogen of planting material, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole corn cobs, wheat bran and sunflower seeds grouts, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 23 ℃-25 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 23d-25d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and the sunflower seeds grouts of Sunflower Receptacle are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, lime powder, terra alba, makes Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material.Its advantage is: the one, and reasonable raw material proportioning, the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient have been promoted, make bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity strong, the growth of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelia is vigorous, planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, sporophore growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 120.2%-128.5%; The 2nd, not only the harmless treatment for Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell provides a terms of settlement, also for Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis has found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 22%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 28%, corn cob 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2 m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 500kg, carries out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole corn cobs, wheat bran and sunflower seeds grouts, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%, through the cultivation of 25d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.The planting material cultivation Pleurotus nebrodensis that utilizes the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 128.5%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 25%, Sunflower Stalk bits 20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 23%, corn cob 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The planting material cultivation Pleurotus nebrodensis that utilizes the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 125.3%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 28%, Sunflower Stalk bits 22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 18%, corn cob 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The planting material cultivation Pleurotus nebrodensis that utilizes the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 120.2%.
The Pleurotus nebrodensis biological efficiency of table different modes planting material
Unit (%)
Claims (8)
1. a Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material, it is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 22%-28%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%-22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 18%-28%, corn cob 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Receptaculum Helianthi bits are sunflower plates of sloughing sunflower seeds, through drying the particle that is ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Sunflower Stalk bits are Sunflower Receptacle stem stalks, through drying the particle that is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
4. a kind of Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet be Sunflower Receptacle sunflower seed shell, through drying the fine platy particle that is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
5. a kind of Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material according to claim 1, is characterized in that by product when described sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefaction.
6. a kind of Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wheat bran is by wheat separated wheat cortex in processing flour process.
7. a making method for the Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material described in claim 1-6, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole corn cobs, wheat bran and sunflower seeds grouts, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
8. utilize the Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material described in claim 1-7, it is characterized in that accessing after bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 23 ℃-25 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 23d-25d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.
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Cited By (12)
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| CN104584880A (en) * | 2015-02-22 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation method |
| CN104604525A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Lucid ganoderma cultivation method |
| CN104725126A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation material |
| CN104744127A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation material |
| CN104770211A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-07-15 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus nebrodensis culture method |
| CN104770216A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-07-15 | 邬金飞 | Hypsizygus marmoreus culture method |
| CN104770210A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-07-15 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus nebrodensis culture method |
| CN105409585A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-23 | 镇江市丹徒区南山溪园茶叶专业合作社 | Method for processing leisure food raw material and food of Pleurotus nebrodensis rich in organic selenium and zinc |
| CN107473899A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2017-12-15 | 广州聚禅现代农业研究院有限公司 | A kind of sunflower accessory substance edible fungus culturing matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN107522544A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-29 | 广西钟山县富强雅瑶华香农业有限公司 | A kind of cloud ear special culture media made using sunflower accessory substance |
| CN108207492A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-29 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of Wood rot type edible fungus liquid culture growth medium, preparation method and application |
| CN108207493A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-29 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of grass corruption type edible fungus liquid culture growth medium, preparation method and application |
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| CN104604525A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Lucid ganoderma cultivation method |
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| CN105409585A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-23 | 镇江市丹徒区南山溪园茶叶专业合作社 | Method for processing leisure food raw material and food of Pleurotus nebrodensis rich in organic selenium and zinc |
| CN107522544A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-29 | 广西钟山县富强雅瑶华香农业有限公司 | A kind of cloud ear special culture media made using sunflower accessory substance |
| CN107473899A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2017-12-15 | 广州聚禅现代农业研究院有限公司 | A kind of sunflower accessory substance edible fungus culturing matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN108207492A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-29 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of Wood rot type edible fungus liquid culture growth medium, preparation method and application |
| CN108207493A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-29 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of grass corruption type edible fungus liquid culture growth medium, preparation method and application |
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