CN103435407B - Pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation material compatibility and preparation method of cultivation material - Google Patents
Pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation material compatibility and preparation method of cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103435407B CN103435407B CN201310356496.1A CN201310356496A CN103435407B CN 103435407 B CN103435407 B CN 103435407B CN 201310356496 A CN201310356496 A CN 201310356496A CN 103435407 B CN103435407 B CN 103435407B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation material which is characterized by taking chestnut branch scrap, bud rind scrap and chestnut rind scrap as main raw materials, taking bagasse, bran, corn flour, gypsum powder and the like as minor materials, and containing 63% to 65 % of water. The invention further comprises a preparation method of the cultivation material. The cultivation material and the preparation method has the advantages that firstly, through the sunlight solarization, accumulation and ageing and biological fermentation process of the chestnut branch scrap, bud rind scrap and chestnut rind scrap, not only poisonous bacteriostat is removed, but also macromolecule material is degraded, the absorption of the pleurotus citrinopileatus hypha is facilitated, and the hypha grows vigorously; secondly, the cultivation material proportion is reasonable, the bacterium air permeability is good, the water-retaining property is strong, the effective pleurotus citrinopileatus number is large, and the biology efficiency reaches 112.5% to 118.3%; thirdly, the cultivation material channel is broadened, and the preparation cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises elm yellow mushroom planting material compatibility, and the preparation method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
The yellow mushroom of elm has another name called gold oyster mushroom, goldentop mushroom, Pleurotus citrinopileatus etc., because being common in the yellow mushroom of elm that saprophytic elm deadwood gains the name.The yellow mushroom of tame elm is that imbricate is grown thickly, and cap base portion is recessed is horn-like, and edge is open and flat, and in wavy, many caps are stacked to cluster together, just like the flower of a branch of gold, and form elegant.The yellow mushroom of elm is rich in the nutritional labelings such as protein, fat, carbohydrate and multivitamin, and nutritious, delicate mouthfeel is tender and crisp, delicious flavour, smell delicate fragrance.In addition, the yellow mushroom of elm also has the medicinal health value of nourishing and fit keeping function.
The yellow mushroom of elm is a kind of domestomycetes, has stronger decomposition lignin, cellulosic ability, so always, mushroom agriculture is all using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material aborning.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, cotton seed hulls class cost of material continuous rise, therefore each production unit is all attached great importance to and is looked for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Chinese chestnut tree is Fagaceae Castanea nut fruits plant, and its fruit is the famous Traditional Agricultural byproduct of China.China is first big producing country of Chinese chestnut, and according to the statistics of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO), to the end of the year in 2009, Chinese Chestnut cultivated area will be 200,000 hm
2, total output is about 1,090,000 t, accounts for 77% of Gross World Product.
Produce Chinese chestnut and in process, three class discarded objects can be produced.One is the branch produced after pruning.China's Chinese chestnut cultivated area is large, prune the branch Yue Keda 700,000 tons fallen every year, but these branches is not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood from Li Yuan; Two is shells, has another name called luxuriant shell, Li Peng, Li Pu shell, is the discarded object stayed after collecting Chinese chestnut, general every 100kg Chinese chestnut just means the dry luxuriant shell having 60kg-90kg, these luxuriant shells, draws materials easily, enormous amount, but done except fuel except minority, all the other are often arbitrarily abandoned or let alone to rot; Three is chestnut shells, is pericarp and the seed coat of Li Jianguo, and account for 10% of chestnut fruit weight, chestnut shell produces in Chinese chestnut process, aboundresources and concentrating, but most of enterprise it can be used as discarded object to process, and has both increased production cost, contaminated environment again.
Chinese chestnut branch, wood tissue is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Bud shell, containing higher nutriment, according to surveying and determination, luxuriant shell is containing crude protein 8.78%, carbon 39.04%, nitrogen 1.348%; Chestnut shell, containing the composition such as cellulose, lignin, wherein content of cellulose reaches 48%, and lignin accounts for 28.5%.These components above, can grow for edible fungi growth and provide required carbon source, nitrogenous source.But these three kinds of materials of chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell also containing the material such as tannin, wax, can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, therefore must effectively process, make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.The method of process comprises: sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biofermentation etc.After treatment, not only can remove the harmful substance affecting hypha of edible fungus growth, be also softened because of wooden after fermenting, quality becomes loose, therefore the growth of the yellow mushroom mycelia of very suitable elm.
Utilize these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material of chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell to cultivate the yellow mushroom of elm, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of with chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, the chestnut shell elm yellow mushroom planting material compatibility that is primary raw material
2, the preparation method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of elm yellow mushroom planting material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 30%-40%, luxuriant shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 12%-18%, bagasse 14%, wheat bran 10%, corn flour 3%, land plaster 1%, pulverized limestone 2%, be all the quality of dry, proportioning sum is 100%.
Chestnut branch is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm, is deposited in aeration-drying place, ageing 1 year.
Bud shell bits: the particle (prevent luxuriant shell from stinging length and puncture sack) of below the particle diameter 3mm that is exposed to the sun, is ground into, is deposited in aeration-drying place, ageing 1 year.
Chestnut shell is considered to be worth doing: the particle being ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm after the chestnut shell fresh nothing gone mouldy is exposed to the sun, is deposited in aeration-drying place, ageing 1 year.
Bagasse: the waste residue that sugarcane is remaining after squeezing sugar, in white or yellow-white after dry, has the fragranced of sugar.The thick slag of belt leather must be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.The main component of bagasse is the cellulose of about 50%, the hemicellulose of 30%, the lignin of 15% and a little ash content, crude protein and soluble sugar.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process, wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral matter etc.
Corn flour: as available nutrient, promotes that mycelia grows fast, can be again the yellow mushroom growth of elm and provides biotin etc.
Pulverized limestone, land plaster: regulate, stablize planting material acid-base value, increase calcium, sulphur nutritional labeling.
The preparation method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, corn flour, land plaster, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of compost is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 24d-25d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for primary raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, corn flour, land plaster with chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, makes the yellow mushroom planting material of elm.Its advantage is: one is chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, and by sunlight exposure, pile up ageing and biofermentation process, both eliminated poisonous bateriostatics, and made again macromolecular substances degrade, be conducive to the absorption of the yellow mushroom mycelia of elm, mycelium growth vigor is vigorous; Two is that culture utilization is reasonable, and bacterium material good permeability, water-retaining property are strong, and effective mushroom quantity is many, and its biological efficiency reaches 112.5%-118.3%; Three is widened culturing raw material channel, greatly reduces production cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, the yellow mushroom planting material of elm comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 30%, luxuriant shell bits 22%, chestnut shell bits 18%, bagasse 14%, wheat bran 10%, corn flour 3%, land plaster 1%, pulverized limestone 2%, be all the quality of dry, proportioning sum is 100%.
Preparation method:
1. material is shone: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2m, and the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, after carrying out heap, pats surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, corn flour, land plaster, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times totally 5 times, time remaining 7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of compost is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, and then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C, and humid control is 65%, and through the cultivation of 24d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, the yellow mushroom planting material of elm comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 35%, luxuriant shell bits 20%, chestnut shell bits 15%, bagasse 14%, wheat bran 10%, corn flour 3%, land plaster 1%, pulverized limestone 2%, be all the quality of dry, proportioning sum is 100%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, the yellow mushroom planting material of elm comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 40%, luxuriant shell bits 18%, chestnut shell bits 12%, bagasse 14%, wheat bran 10%, corn flour 3%, land plaster 1%, pulverized limestone 2%, be all the quality of dry, proportioning sum is 100%.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of the yellow mushroom biological efficiency of elm
Claims (4)
1. the yellow mushroom planting material of elm, is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: chestnut branch bits 30%-40%, luxuriant shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 12%-18%, bagasse 14%, wheat bran 10%, corn flour 3%, land plaster 1%, pulverized limestone 2%, be all the quality of dry, proportioning sum is 100%;
(2) chestnut branch bits: be the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, dry and be deposited in aeration-drying place, ageing 1 year;
(3) luxuriant shell bits: be the particle of below particle diameter 3mm, be exposed to the sun, pulverize after be deposited in aeration-drying place, ageing 1 year;
(4) chestnut shell bits: be the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, be exposed to the sun, pulverize after be deposited in aeration-drying place, ageing 1 year;
(5) preparation method of planting material:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds bagasse, wheat bran, corn flour, land plaster auxiliary material, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of compost is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
2. the yellow mushroom planting material of a kind of elm according to claim 1, is characterized in that described bagasse is the waste residue be left after sugarcane squeezes sugar, the particle being ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
3. the yellow mushroom planting material of a kind of elm according to claim 1, is characterized in that the wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat.
4. the yellow mushroom planting material of a kind of elm according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that made planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 24d-25d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN104604534A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation method |
| CN104774080A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation material |
| CN104774079A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation material |
| CN104761330A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-08 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation material |
| CN104829291A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-08-12 | 邬方成 | Pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation material making method |
| CN104926501A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-23 | 桂林健成生物科技开发有限公司 | Application of momordica grosvenori pomace to cultivating pleurotus citrinopileatus |
| CN105254406A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-01-20 | 梁金屯 | Preparation method of edible fungus cultivation material |
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| CN1129254A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-08-21 | 周道陆 | Composite granulated substratum for edible (medicinal) mushroom series |
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