CN103408371B

CN103408371B - Formula for oyster mushroom cultivation material and preparation method for cultivation material

Info

Publication number: CN103408371B
Application number: CN201310353617.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邬金飞
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-08-05
Filing date: 2013-08-05
Publication date: 2015-04-01
Anticipated expiration: 2033-08-05
Also published as: CN103408371A

Abstract

The invention provides an oyster mushroom cultivation material which is characterized in that chestnut branch scraps, bracteal shell scraps and chestnut shell scraps are used as main raw materials, corncob, wheat bran, gypsum powder and the like are used as accessory materials, and water content of the cultivation material is 63 to 65%. The invention further provides a preparation method for the cultivation material. The invention has the following advantages: the chestnut branch scraps, the bracteal shell scraps and the chestnut shell scraps successively undergo exposure in the blazing sun for quite a long time, stacking and ageing and biological fermentation, so toxic bacteriostatic substances are removed and macromolecular substances are degraded, thereby facilitating absorption by mycelia of oyster mushrooms and allowing the mycelia to have vigorous growth; the ratio of the raw materials of the cultivation material is reasonable, the cultivation material has good permeability and strong water retention performance, the number of effective mushrooms is great, and biological efficiency reaches 130.2 to 140.5%; and the channel of cultivation raw materials is broadened, and production cost is substantially reduced.

Description

The making method of a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material compatibility and this planting material

Technical field

Content of the present invention comprises Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.

Background technology

Chinese chestnut tree is Fagaceae Castanea nuts plant, and its fruit is the famous Traditional Agricultural byproduct of China.China is first big producing country of Chinese chestnut, and according to the statistics of Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), to the end of the year in 2009, Chinese Chestnut cultivated area will be 200,000 hm2, and ultimate production is about 1,090,000 t, accounts for 77% of Gross World Product.

Produce Chinese chestnut and in the course of processing, three class wastes can be produced.One is the branch produced after pruning.China's Chinese chestnut cultivated area is large, prune the branch Yue Keda 700,000 tons fallen every year, but these branches is not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood from Li Yuan; Two is shells, have another name called luxuriant shell, Li Peng, Li Pu shell, it is the waste stayed after collecting Chinese chestnut, general every 100kg Chinese chestnut just means the dry luxuriant shell having 60kg-90kg, these luxuriant shells, draw materials easily, enormous amount, but done except fuel except minority, all the other are often arbitrarily abandoned or let alone to rot: three is chestnut shells, for pericarp and the seed coat of Li Jianguo, account for 10% of chestnut fruit weight, chestnut shell produces in the Chinese chestnut course of processing, aboundresources and concentrating, but most of enterprise it can be used as waste to process, and both increases production cost, again contaminate environment.

Chinese chestnut branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Bud shell, containing higher nutritive substance, according to surveying and determination, luxuriant shell is containing crude protein 8.78%, carbon 39.04%, nitrogen 1.348%; Chestnut shell, containing the composition such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of cellulose reaches 48%, and xylogen accounts for 28.5%.These components above, can grow for edible fungi growth and provide required carbon source, nitrogenous source.But these three kinds of materials of chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell also containing the material such as tannin, wax, can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, therefore must effectively process, make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.The method of process comprises: sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation etc.After treatment, owing to eliminating the objectionable impurities affecting hypha of edible fungus growth, the growth of wood rotting fungi is therefore suitable for.

Flat mushroom is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has very strong decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability.In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivating white mushrooms of chestnut shell, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.

Summary of the invention

The present invention has following two aspects:

1, a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material compatibility that is main raw material with chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell

2, the making method of planting material

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 25%-35%, luxuriant shell bits 22%-28%, chestnut shell bits 15%-19%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 5%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.

Chestnut branch is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.

Bud shell bits: the particle (prevent luxuriant shell from stinging length and puncture sack) of below the particle diameter 3mm that is exposed to the sun, is ground into, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.

Chestnut shell is considered to be worth doing: the particle being ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm after the chestnut shell fresh nothing gone mouldy is exposed to the sun, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.

Corn cob: through drying, is ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.Add corn cob and both improve planting material sugar and vitamin contents, in turn enhance water retention capacity.

Lime powder, terra alba: regulate, stablize planting material potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.

The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:

1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;

2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter;

3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m ³, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;

4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, terra alba when third time turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%, and fermentation material is after heat radiation, can directly spread furrow, sowing, carry out routinely sending out bacterium, management of producing mushroom.

The present invention for main raw material with chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, terra alba, makes Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material.Its advantage is: one is chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, and by sunlight exposure, pile up ageing and biological fermentation process, both eliminated poisonous bacteriostatics, and made again macromolecular substance degrade, be conducive to the absorption of hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus, mycelium growth vigor is vigorous; Two is that culture utilization is reasonable, and bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and effective mushroom quantity is many, and its biological efficiency reaches 130.2%-140.5%; Three is widened culturing raw material channel, greatly reduces production cost.

Embodiment

Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 25%, luxuriant shell bits 28%, chestnut shell bits 19%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 5%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.

Making method:

1. material is shone: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice;

2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter:

3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2m, and the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, after carrying out heap, pats surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m ³, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;

4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times totally 5 times, time remaining 7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%.

Fermentation material, after heat radiation, directly spreads furrow, sowing, carries out routinely sending out bacterium, management of producing mushroom.

Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 30%, luxuriant shell bits 25%, chestnut shell bits 17%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 5%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.

Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 35%, luxuriant shell bits 22%, chestnut shell bits 15%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 5%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.

The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of flat mushroom biological efficiency

Unit: %

Mode	Chestnut branch is considered to be worth doing	Bud shell bits	Chestnut shell is considered to be worth doing	Corn cob	Wheat bran	Terra alba	Lime powder	Biological efficiency
									1	25	28	19	20	5	1	2	130.2
2	30	25	17	20	5	1	2	136.3
									3	35	22	15	20	5	1	2	140.5

Claims

1. the making method of a Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material, it is characterized in that: described planting material is containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 35%, bud shell bits 22%, chestnut shell bits 15%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 5%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described chestnut branch bits, chestnut shell bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, dry and are deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year; The particle that described luxuriant shell bits are below particle diameter 3mm, be exposed to the sun, pulverize after be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year; Described corn cob size controlling is at 4mm-5mm; The wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat; The making method of described planting material is:

2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter, make it fully drenched;

4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds corn cob, wheat bran, terra alba auxiliary material, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;

Planting material after described fermentation, after heat radiation, can directly spread furrow, sowing, carries out routinely sending out bacterium, management of producing mushroom.