CN103396247B - Shitake mushroom cultivation material compatibility and production method of shitake mushroom cultivation material - Google Patents
Shitake mushroom cultivation material compatibility and production method of shitake mushroom cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103396247B CN103396247B CN201310344603.9A CN201310344603A CN103396247B CN 103396247 B CN103396247 B CN 103396247B CN 201310344603 A CN201310344603 A CN 201310344603A CN 103396247 B CN103396247 B CN 103396247B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention provides a shitake mushroom cultivation material which is characterized in that chestnut branch crumbs, bract shell crumbs and chestnut shell crumbs are used as main raw materials and are supplemented by bran, a gypsum powder and other auxiliary materials, and the water content of the cultivation material is 63%-65%. The invention also provides a production method of the cultivation material. Compared with a wood dust cultivation material, the shitake mushroom cultivation material has the advantages that: one, the cultivation material has reasonable coarseness and fineness collocation, the mushroom material has good gas permeability, shitake mushroom mycelia have vigorous growth, and the sackful time is shortened; two, through basking with sunlight for quite a long time, stacking aging and biological fermentation treatment, toxic bacteriostatic substances are removed, macromolecular substances are also degraded, so as to be beneficial for the shitake mushroom mycelia to absorb; three, shitake mushroom has good fruiting performance, good commodity characters and higher biological efficiency; and four, channels for cultivation raw materials are broadened, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises Mushroom cultivation material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Mushroom is second-biggest-in-the-world edible mushrooms.Due to its delicious flavour, fragrance oozes people, nutritious, not only ranks on straw mushroom, flat mushroom, white mushroom, and have the reputation of " fungi queen ".
Mushroom is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has very strong decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, and all the time, mushroom agriculture is all be that main raw material makes Mushroom cultivation material with wood chip.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Chinese chestnut tree is Fagaceae Castanea nuts plant, and its fruit is the famous Traditional Agricultural byproduct of China.China is first big producing country of Chinese chestnut, and according to the statistics of Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), to the end of the year in 2009, Chinese Chestnut cultivated area will be 200,000 hm
2, ultimate production is about 1,090,000 t, accounts for 77% of Gross World Product.
Produce Chinese chestnut and in the course of processing, three class wastes can be produced.One is the branch produced after pruning.China's Chinese chestnut cultivated area is large, prune the branch Yue Keda 700,000 tons fallen every year, but these branches is not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood from Li Yuan; Two is shells, has another name called luxuriant shell, Li Peng, Li Pu shell, is the waste stayed after collecting Chinese chestnut, general every 100kg Chinese chestnut just means the dry luxuriant shell having 60kg-90kg, these luxuriant shells, draws materials easily, enormous amount, but done except fuel except minority, all the other are often arbitrarily abandoned or let alone to rot; Three is chestnut shells, is pericarp and the seed coat of Li Jianguo, and account for 10% of chestnut fruit weight, chestnut shell produces in the Chinese chestnut course of processing, aboundresources and concentrating, but most of enterprise it can be used as waste to process, and has both increased production cost, wastes resource again.
Chinese chestnut branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Bud shell, containing higher nutritive substance, according to surveying and determination, luxuriant shell is containing crude protein 8.78%, carbon 39.04%, nitrogen 1.348%; Chestnut shell, containing the composition such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of cellulose reaches 48%, and xylogen accounts for 28.5%.These components above, can grow for edible fungi growth and provide required carbon source, nitrogenous source.But these three kinds of materials also containing the material such as tannin, wax, can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, therefore must effectively process, make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.The method of process comprises: sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation etc.
Utilize treated Li Yuan waste (branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell) to substitute woods material mushroom culture, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Mushroom cultivation material compatibility that is main raw material with chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Mushroom cultivation material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 30%-40%, and luxuriant shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 19%-25%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Chestnut branch is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bud shell bits: the particle (prevent luxuriant shell from stinging length and puncture sack) of below the particle diameter 3mm that is exposed to the sun, is ground into, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Chestnut shell is considered to be worth doing: the particle being ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm after the chestnut shell fresh nothing gone mouldy is exposed to the sun, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process.
Lime powder, terra alba: regulate, stablize potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary material such as wheat bran, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: the high-pressure polyethylene bag cylinder adopting folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thick 0.05mm, bacterium rod standard is stock column length (45 ± 1) cm, bacterium rod weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
(pocket keeps flat to adopt beat cave method at 5, tow sides stagger) inoculation, enter after inoculation and send out the bacterium stage, culturing room's temperature controls at 20 DEG C-22 DEG C, relative air humidity controls at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 48d-50d, mycelia covers with pocket, just enters de-bag annesl and management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material with chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, is aided with the auxiliary material such as wheat bran, terra alba, makes Mushroom cultivation material.Compared with wood dust culture material, its advantage is: one is that the collocation of planting material thickness is reasonable, bacterium material good permeability, and mushroom mycelium growth is vigorous, purseful time shorten; Two is by sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation process, has both eliminated poisonous bacteriostatics, and has made again macromolecular substance degrade, and be conducive to the absorption of mushroom mycelium; Three is that mushroom fruiting performance is good, and commodity property is good, and biological efficiency is higher; Four is widened culturing raw material channel, greatly reduces production cost.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Mushroom cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 30%, luxuriant shell bits 22%, chestnut shell bits 25%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. material is shone: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2m, and the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, after carrying out heap, pats surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary material such as wheat bran, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times totally 5 times, time remaining 7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: the high-pressure polyethylene bag cylinder adopting folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thick 0.05mm, bacterium rod standard is stock column length (45 ± 1) cm, bacterium rod weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Adopt play cave method (pocket keeps flat, and tow sides stagger) inoculation at 5, enter after inoculation and send out the bacterium stage, culturing room's temperature controls at 22 DEG C, and relative air humidity controls 65%, through the cultivation of 48d, mycelia covers with pocket, just enters de-bag annesl and management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Mushroom cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 35%, luxuriant shell bits 20%, chestnut shell bits 22%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Mushroom cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 40%, luxuriant shell bits 18%, chestnut shell bits 19%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 4 (control group): wood chip 78%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%.
From following table, the chestnut branch bits of all modes, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits planting material mycelia purseful number of days shorten 4d-6d than control group, and its biological efficiency reaches 118.6%-122.4%, is on close level with control group.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of mushroom biological efficiency
Claims (3)
1. a Mushroom cultivation material, is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: chestnut branch bits 30%-40%, luxuriant shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 19%-25%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
(2) chestnut branch bits: be the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, dry and be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year;
(3) luxuriant shell bits: be the particle of below particle diameter 3mm, be exposed to the sun, pulverize after be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year;
(4) chestnut shell bits: be the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, be exposed to the sun, pulverize after be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year;
(5) making method of planting material:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds wheat bran, terra alba auxiliary material, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: the high-pressure polyethylene bag cylinder adopting folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thick 0.05mm, bacterium rod standard is stock column length 45cm, bacterium rod weight 2.3kg;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
2. a kind of Mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat.
3. a kind of Mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, beat cave method and inoculate for 5 that it is characterized in that made planting material adopts tow sides to stagger, enter after inoculation and send out the bacterium stage, culturing room's temperature controls at 20 DEG C-22 DEG C, relative air humidity controls at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 48d-50d, mycelia covers with pocket, just enters de-bag annesl and management of producing mushroom.
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103613431B (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 邬方成 | Method for making tremella fuciformis cultivation material by using pruned branches of Chinese chestnut, corn peel and Chinese chestnut hull |
| CN104109019A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-22 | 肥东县丰宝种养殖有限责任公司 | Mushroom culture medium with chestnut branch scraps as raw materials and preparation method of mushroom culture medium |
| CN104557318A (en) * | 2015-01-25 | 2015-04-29 | 邬金飞 | Preparation method of mushroom cultivation material |
| CN104584882A (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Shiitake cultivation method |
| CN104744137A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Preparation method of lentinus edodes cultivation material |
| CN104744141A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Preparation method of lentinus edodes cultivation material |
| CN104744142A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Preparation method of lentinus edodes cultivation material |
| CN104737804A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Shiitake mushroom cultivation method |
| CN107586174A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-16 | 贵州省印江自治县梵净山生态菌业有限公司 | A kind of culture medium for utilizing shell mushroom culture and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102415279A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-04-18 | 河北省农业环境保护监测站 | Method for cultivating wood-rotting fungi |
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| JP2006211980A (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-17 | Mercian Corp | Artificial cultivation method for mushroom using compost |
| JP2012019774A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-02-02 | Yoichi Yasuda | Method of producing ergothioneine from mushrooms |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101803535A (en) * | 2010-05-08 | 2010-08-18 | 镇江市食用菌研究所 | Method for cultivating edible fungi by rape pod shells |
| CN102415279A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-04-18 | 河北省农业环境保护监测站 | Method for cultivating wood-rotting fungi |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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