CN105272702A - Oyster mushroom compost and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Oyster mushroom compost and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105272702A CN105272702A CN201510682610.9A CN201510682610A CN105272702A CN 105272702 A CN105272702 A CN 105272702A CN 201510682610 A CN201510682610 A CN 201510682610A CN 105272702 A CN105272702 A CN 105272702A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of production of edible mushrooms, particularly relates to oyster mushroom compost and further relates to a preparation method of the oyster mushroom compost. The oyster mushroom compost is characterized by comprising components in parts by weight as follows: bran, peony seed shells, soybean meal, corn stalk, leaves of sesbania, gypsum powder, sugar, animal manure, rice husk, corncob, wood flour of sawtooth oak, sesame meal, wood flour of aspens and leaves of malus hupehensis. The oyster mushroom compost prepared with the method facilitates growth of oyster mushrooms, and the biological efficiency of the oyster mushrooms is high and can reach about 110%; besides, leaves of the sesbania which is a common plant growing in waste land are often abandoned, the leaves of the sesbania are adopted in the method, accordingly, waste is turned into wealth, resources are saved, the leaves of the sesbania are used reasonably, the disease-resistant and pest-resistant capacity of the leaves of the sesbania is high, pest and disease damage to the oyster mushrooms is prevented, and damage of mites, molds and maggots to the oyster mushrooms is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of edible fungi production, be specifically related to a kind of mushroom cultivation material, also relate to the preparation method of above-mentioned mushroom cultivation material.
Background technology
Flat mushroom is one of maximum edible mushrooms of China's cultivation amount and consumption, and along with flat mushroom industrial scale expands year by year, culture material day is becoming tight, and is badly in need of the new raw material of exploitation and meets flat mushroom Production requirement.Mushroom carpophore meat fertilizer is tender, delicious flavour, is a kind of high protein, low-fat food.Protein is most important nutritive ingredient in mushroom carpophore, and in every hectogram flat mushroom dry product, protein is about 20-23 gram, and amino acid classes is complete, and content of mineral substances is very abundant.
Disclose in Agricultural University Of He'nan's master thesis " five kinds of culture materials are to the influence research of a mushroom cultivation " literary composition:
Different culture materials can produce different impacts to the biological efficiency of flat mushroom.As:
Show with pure cotton seed hulls, corn cob, beanstalk, cotton bavin bits, golden mushroom chaff cultivating white mushroom result, the different times water content that different material is grown at mushroom growth is all different with pH value; Culture material all has considerable influence to hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus growing way, long speed, biological efficiency, and beanstalk grows the fastest, long speed reaches 8.87mm/d, and corn cob grows the slowest, long speed is only 6.12mm/d, and on beanstalk, cotton seed hulls, biological efficiency is higher.
The Corn Core Cultivation About Pleurotus Ostreatus result that cotton seed hulls adds different ratios shows, hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus grows the slowest on pure cotton seed hulls, and fruiting the latest; On 40% corn cob and 60% cotton seed hulls compound, growing way is vigorous, and the earliest, output is the highest for fruiting, and biological efficiency is up to 103.78%.
The beanstalk cultivating white mushroom result that cotton seed hulls adds different ratios shows, in cotton seed hulls, add beanstalk can promote Growth of Pleurotus Mycelium, improve biological efficiency, the beanstalk of 80% and the cotton seed hulls mixture to cultivate hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus growing way of 20% best, output is the highest, and biological efficiency reaches 104.88%;
The cotton bavin bits cultivating white mushroom result of adding different ratios in cotton seed hulls shows, in cotton seed hulls, add cotton bavin bits can promote Growth of Pleurotus Mycelium, improve biological efficiency, the cotton bavin bits of 60% are with the cotton seed hulls mixture to cultivate hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus growing way of 40% is vigorous, output is the highest, and biological efficiency reaches 96.38%;
The golden mushroom chaff cultivating white mushroom result of adding different ratios in cotton seed hulls shows, when adding the golden mushroom chaff of 40% and 50% in cotton seed hulls, Growth of Pleurotus Mycelium speed, 40% golden mushroom chaff and 60% cotton seed hulls mixture to cultivate hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus growing way vigorous, output is the highest, and biological efficiency reaches 97.14%.
Different culture materials and different culture material proportionings affect larger on the biological efficiency of flat mushroom.
But above no matter which kind of culture material, does not all relate to the content improving flat mushroom disease resistance ability.
Flat mushroom produce in Common Diseases have, fungal disease, as mould in wood, aspergillus, mould, white gypsum are mould; Bacterial disease such as bacterial spot, lamella drip disease and Disease three kinds.Once control not in time, the lighter's underproduction 20-30%, severe one even causes total crop failure.
Therefore, need for above-mentioned feature, design and be a kind ofly suitable for that flat mushroom produces, biological efficiency is high and in mushroom growth, and tool improves the culture material of flat mushroom disease resistance ability.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides one and making mushroom growth speed fast, the mushroom cultivation material that biological efficiency is high;
Present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned mushroom cultivation material.
The present invention is realized by following technical scheme:
Mushroom cultivation material of the present invention, this culture material is made up of the component of following portions by weight:
Wheat bran 10-20 peony seeds shell 10-30 dregs of beans 1-5
Corn stalk 10-20 field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf 20-50 terra alba 1-4
Sugar 1-4 animal manure 2-8 rice husk 5-15
Corn cob 4-12 Quercus acutissima trees bits 5-15 sesame seed meal 1-6
Willow wood chip 5-15 Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 5-10.
Corn stalk airing is 1-4% to moisture content, and being crushed to particle diameter is 1-3mm.
Above-mentioned animal manure is the mixture of cow dung and chicken manure, and the water ratio of cow dung is 4%, and the water ratio of chicken manure is 3%, and the weight ratio of cow dung and chicken manure is 3:1;
Field its moisture content of mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf is 1-4%, and being crushed to particle diameter is 0.5-2mm.
The moisture content of peony seeds shell is 1-4%, and peony seeds shell being crushed to particle diameter is 1-3mm.
Above-mentioned sugar is the mixture of dextrose plus saccharose, and the weight ratio of described dextrose plus saccharose is 3:1-2.
Above-mentioned culture material comprises the component of following portions by weight:
Wheat bran 15 peony seeds shell 20 dregs of beans 3
Corn stalk 15 field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf 40 terra alba 2
Sugar 3 animal manure 5 rice husks 10
Corn cob 8 Quercus acutissima trees consider 10 sesame seed meals 4 to be worth doing
Willow wood chip 12 Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 8.
Preferably, the preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of mushroom cultivation material, comprises following step:
15 parts, wheat bran, 20 parts, peony seeds shell, dregs of beans 3 parts, corn stalk 15 parts, 40 parts, field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, terra alba 2 parts, sugar 3 parts, animal manure 5 parts, 10 parts, rice husk, corn cob 8 parts, Quercus acutissima trees are considered to be worth doing 10 parts, sesame seed meal 4 parts, willow wood chip 12 parts, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 8 parts of Homogeneous phase mixing, add water stirring, make material water weight ratio be 1:2-5, obtain culture material.
Above-mentioned material water weight ratio is 1:4.
The water ratio of Quercus acutissima trees bits is 1-4%, and its granularity is 1-3mm;
The water ratio of sesame seed meal is 2-4%, and being crushed to its granularity is about 2mm;
It is 1-5% that Quercus acutissima trees consider its water ratio to be worth doing, and the water ratio of above-mentioned sesame seed meal is 1-4%; The water ratio of corn cob is 1-4%.
Tian Qing, originates in coastal area of southeastern China saltings, and in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, Henan, the ground such as Shandong all has larger cultivated area, is the dual-purpose crop of floods and droughts of a kind of wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, thick raw fast long, high yield and high quality.The field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo as leguminous green manure, on root give birth to many root nodules.The nitrogen-fixing bacteria of symbiosis in root nodule is by organic nutriment in the mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo plant of field, and by nitrogenase, the nomadic nitrogen in air being converted into state nitrogen, to be the considerable source of manure.Meanwhile, the galactomannan gum extracted by field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo endosperm, can be used as thickening, stable and peptizer, of many uses in the industry such as food, papermaking, oil, mining and metallurgy, weaving.Therefore, the field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo is as a kind of important material resources, and it is not limited only to the utilization of agriculture aspect, but has stepped into the wide field of industrial application as a kind of Novel glue material, carries out deep scientific research significant to it.
Adopt field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf as raw material, significantly can improve the ability of flat mushroom disease resistance.
Adopt peony seeds shell to replace peony seeds shell, its effect is better than peony seeds shell;
As in culture material, nitrogen is inadequate, significantly can affect output, if nitrogen content is too high, light then mycelia can be caused suddenly long, cycle stretch-out of nourishing and growing, postpones the normal fruiting time, heavy then if planting type is improper, cause expecting that interior nomadic nitrogen can not effectively volatilize, the growth affecting mycelia that will be serious, in material, even grow a large amount of terrible umbrella class miscellaneous bacteria.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, adopt the mushroom cultivation material that method of the present invention prepares, be conducive to the growth of flat mushroom, the biologicak efficiency of flat mushroom is high, can about 110% be reached, and in the present invention, have employed field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf is grown on the frequently seen plants fallen into disuse in field, often go out of use, of the present inventionly to turn waste into wealth, saved resource, Appropriate application field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, and the resistant to diseases and insects of field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf is comparatively strong, is conducive to the disease and pest preventing flat mushroom, especially reduces flat mushroom and encroached on by mould mite class and bacterium maggot class.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, so that those skilled in the art more understands the present invention, but does not therefore limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of mushroom cultivation material, comprises following step:
15 parts, wheat bran, 20 parts, peony seeds shell, dregs of beans 3 parts, corn stalk 15 parts, 40 parts, field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, terra alba 2 parts, sugar 3 parts, animal manure 5 parts, 10 parts, rice husk, corn cob 8 parts, Quercus acutissima trees are considered to be worth doing 10 parts, sesame seed meal 4 parts, willow wood chip 12 parts, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 8 parts of Homogeneous phase mixing, add water stirring, make material water weight ratio be 1:4, obtain culture material.
Corn stalk airing is about 3% to moisture content, and being crushed to particle diameter is about 2mm.
Field its moisture content of mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf is about 2%, and being crushed to particle diameter is about 1mm.
The moisture content of peony seeds shell is 2%, and peony seeds shell being crushed to particle diameter is 2mm.
Sugar is the mixture of dextrose plus saccharose, and the weight ratio of above-mentioned dextrose plus saccharose is 3:2.
It is about 3% that Quercus acutissima trees consider its water ratio to be worth doing, and the water ratio of sesame seed meal is about 2%.
The water ratio of corn cob is 3%.
Adopt the culture material of embodiment 1 to cultivate, flat mushroom have that the full bed of mycelia is fast, fruiting morning etc. feature, the output of fresh mushroom is high.
Comparative example 1
15 parts, wheat bran, dregs of beans 3 parts, cotton seed hull 20 parts, corn stalk 15 parts, 40 parts, field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, terra alba 2 parts, sugar 3 parts, animal manure 5 parts, 10 parts, rice husk, corn cob 8 parts, Quercus acutissima trees are considered to be worth doing 10 parts, sesame seed meal 4 parts, willow wood chip 12 parts, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 8 parts of Homogeneous phase mixing, add water stirring, make material water weight ratio be 1:4, obtain culture material.All the other are identical.
Peony seeds shell, relative to embodiment 1, is adjusted to cotton seed hull by comparative example 1.
Flat mushroom biologicak efficiency in embodiment 1 is 110%, is 103.2% in comparative example 1; Comparative example 1 will lower than the flat mushroom biological efficiency in embodiment 1;
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of mushroom cultivation material, comprises following step:
15 parts, wheat bran, 20 parts, peony seeds shell, dregs of beans 3 parts, corn stalk 15 parts, terra alba 2 parts, sugar 3 parts, animal manure 5 parts, 10 parts, rice husk, corn cob 8 parts, Quercus acutissima trees are considered to be worth doing 10 parts, sesame seed meal 4 parts, willow wood chip 12 parts, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 8 parts of Homogeneous phase mixing, add water stirring, make material water weight ratio be 1:2-5, obtain culture material.
All the other conditions are identical.
In comparative example 2, eliminate field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, disease incidence in comparative example 2 exceeds about 3.3% than embodiment 1, biological efficiency is lower than embodiment 10.4%, visible, field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf serves larger effect in control flat mushroom disease and pest incidence, simultaneously the adding of field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, and is also conducive to the biological efficiency improving flat mushroom.And field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf serves larger effect in the biology effect of flat mushroom improves.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of mushroom cultivation material, comprises following step:
10 parts, wheat bran, 10 parts, peony seeds shell, dregs of beans 1 part, corn stalk 10 parts, 20 parts, field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, terra alba 1 part, sugar 1 part, animal manure 2 parts, 5 parts, rice husk, corn cob 4 parts, Quercus acutissima trees are considered to be worth doing 5 parts, sesame seed meal 1 part, willow wood chip 5 parts, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 5 parts of Homogeneous phase mixing, add water stirring, make material water weight ratio be 1:2, obtain culture material.
Corn stalk airing is about 1% to moisture content, and being crushed to particle diameter is about 1mm.
Field its moisture content of mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf is about 1%, and being crushed to particle diameter is about 0.5mm.
The moisture content of peony seeds shell is 2%, and peony seeds shell being crushed to particle diameter is 2mm.
Sugar is the mixture of dextrose plus saccharose, and the weight ratio of above-mentioned dextrose plus saccharose is 3:1.
It is about 3% that Quercus acutissima trees consider its water ratio to be worth doing, and the water ratio of sesame seed meal is about 2%.
The water ratio of corn cob is 2%.
Flat mushroom biologicak efficiency is 105.5%, and misshapen mushroom rate is 1.3%.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of mushroom cultivation material, comprises following step:
20 parts, wheat bran, 30 parts, peony seeds shell, dregs of beans 5 parts, corn stalk 20 parts, 50 parts, field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, terra alba 4 parts, sugar 4 parts, animal manure 8 parts, 15 parts, rice husk, corn cob 12 parts, Quercus acutissima trees are considered to be worth doing 15 parts, sesame seed meal 6 parts, willow wood chip 15 parts, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 10 parts of Homogeneous phase mixing, add water stirring, make material water weight ratio be 1:5, obtain culture material.
Corn stalk airing is about 4% to moisture content, and being crushed to particle diameter is about 3mm.
Field its moisture content of mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf is about 4%, and being crushed to particle diameter is about 2mm.
The moisture content of peony seeds shell is 2%, and peony seeds shell being crushed to particle diameter is 2mm.
Sugar is the mixture of dextrose plus saccharose, and the weight ratio of above-mentioned dextrose plus saccharose is 3:2.
It is about 5% that Quercus acutissima trees consider its water ratio to be worth doing, and the water ratio of sesame seed meal is about 3%.
The water ratio of corn cob is 4%.
Flat mushroom biologicak efficiency is 106.2%, and misshapen mushroom rate is 0.55%.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of mushroom cultivation material, comprises following step:
12 parts, wheat bran, 25 parts, peony seeds shell, dregs of beans 2 parts, corn stalk 18 parts, 35 parts, field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, terra alba 3 parts, sugar 2 parts, animal manure 6 parts, 12 parts, rice husk, corn cob 9 parts, Quercus acutissima trees are considered to be worth doing 12 parts, sesame seed meal 4 parts, willow wood chip 12 parts, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 8 parts of Homogeneous phase mixing, add water stirring, make material water weight ratio be 1:4, obtain culture material.
Corn stalk airing is about 3% to moisture content, and being crushed to particle diameter is about 2mm.
Field its moisture content of mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf is about 2%, and being crushed to particle diameter is about 1mm.
The moisture content of peony seeds shell is 2%, and peony seeds shell being crushed to particle diameter is 2mm.
Sugar is the mixture of dextrose plus saccharose, and the weight ratio of above-mentioned dextrose plus saccharose is 3:2.
It is about 4% that Quercus acutissima trees consider its water ratio to be worth doing, and the water ratio of sesame seed meal is 2%.
The water ratio of corn cob is 3%.
Flat mushroom biologicak efficiency is 104.1%, and misshapen mushroom rate is 0.4%.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of mushroom cultivation material, comprises following step:
15 parts, wheat bran, 20 parts, peony seeds shell, dregs of beans 3 parts, corn stalk 15 parts, 40 parts, field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, terra alba 2 parts, sugar 3 parts, animal manure 5 parts, 10 parts, rice husk, corn cob 7 parts, Quercus acutissima trees are considered to be worth doing 10 parts, sesame seed meal 4 parts, willow wood chip 12 parts, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 8 parts of Homogeneous phase mixing, add water stirring, make material water weight ratio be 1:2-5, obtain culture material.
Corn stalk airing is about 3% to moisture content, and being crushed to particle diameter is about 2mm.
Field its moisture content of mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf is about 2%, and being crushed to particle diameter is about 1mm.
The moisture content of peony seeds shell is 2%, and peony seeds shell being crushed to particle diameter is 2mm.
Sugar is the mixture of dextrose plus saccharose, and the weight ratio of above-mentioned dextrose plus saccharose is 3:2.
It is 4% that Quercus acutissima trees consider its water ratio to be worth doing, and the water ratio of sesame seed meal is 3%.
The water ratio of corn cob is 2.5%.
Claims (10)
1. a mushroom cultivation material, is characterized in that, described culture material is made up of the component of following portions by weight:
Wheat bran 10-20 peony seeds shell 10-30 dregs of beans 1-5
Corn stalk 10-20 field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf 20-50 terra alba 1-4
Sugar 1-4 animal manure 2-8 rice husk 5-15
Corn cob 4-12 Quercus acutissima trees bits 5-15 sesame seed meal 1-6
Willow wood chip 5-15 Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 5-10.
2. a kind of mushroom cultivation material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described corn stalk airing is 1-4% to moisture content, and being crushed to particle diameter is 1-3mm.
3. a kind of mushroom cultivation material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described field its moisture content of mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf is 1-4%, and being crushed to particle diameter is 0.5-2mm.
4. a kind of mushroom cultivation material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the moisture content of described peony seeds shell is 1-4%, and peony seeds shell being crushed to particle diameter is 1-3mm.
5. a kind of mushroom cultivation material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described sugar is the mixture of dextrose plus saccharose, and the weight ratio of described dextrose plus saccharose is 3:1-2.
6. a kind of mushroom cultivation material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described culture material is made up of the component of following portions by weight:
Wheat bran 15 peony seeds shell 20 dregs of beans 3
Corn stalk 15 field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf 40 terra alba 2
Sugar 3 animal manure 5 rice husks 10
Corn cob 8 Quercus acutissima trees consider 10 sesame seed meals 4 to be worth doing
Willow wood chip 12 Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 8.
7. the preparation method of a kind of mushroom cultivation material as claimed in claim 6, comprises following step:
15 parts, wheat bran, 20 parts, peony seeds shell, dregs of beans 3 parts, corn stalk 15 parts, 40 parts, field mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo leaf, terra alba 2 parts, sugar 3 parts, animal manure 5 parts, 10 parts, rice husk, corn cob 8 parts, Quercus acutissima trees are considered to be worth doing 10 parts, sesame seed meal 4 parts, willow wood chip 12 parts, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple leaf 8 parts of Homogeneous phase mixing, add water stirring, make material water weight ratio be 1:2-5, obtain culture material.
8. the preparation method of a kind of mushroom cultivation material as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described material water weight ratio is 1:4.
9. the preparation method of a kind of mushroom cultivation material as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, it is 1-5% that described Quercus acutissima trees consider its water ratio to be worth doing, and the water ratio of described sesame seed meal is 1-4%.
10. the preparation method of a kind of mushroom cultivation material as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the water ratio of described corn cob is 1-4%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106688613A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-24 | 枞阳县新农民农业种植有限公司 | Method for preventing diseases and insects of pleurotus ostreatus |
| CN107455149A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2017-12-12 | 太湖县金江源农业发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of edible oyster mushrooms |
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| KR100782438B1 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2007-12-05 | 주식회사 이앤티 | New Cultivated Mushrooms |
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Application publication date: 20160127 |