CN103641556B - Method for manufacturing pholiota nameko culture material from sunflower byproducts - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing pholiota nameko culture material from sunflower byproducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641556B CN103641556B CN201310650781.4A CN201310650781A CN103641556B CN 103641556 B CN103641556 B CN 103641556B CN 201310650781 A CN201310650781 A CN 201310650781A CN 103641556 B CN103641556 B CN 103641556B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pholiota nameko culture material which is characterized in that sunflower byproducts, including sunflower heads, sunflower straws, sunflower seed husks and sunflower seed cakes, are used as main raw materials; bagasse, bran, sunflower seed cakes, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials; and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. The method has the following advantages: the raw materials are proportioned reasonably to promote the physical behavior complementation and nutrient complementation of the culture material, so that the culture material has favorable air permeability and high water retention property, and the pholiota nameko hypha can grow vigorously; the culture material has the advantages of balanced nutrition, good growth vigor of sporophores and high yield, and the biological efficiency is up to 125.2-132.5%; and the method provides a solution for innocent treatment of sunflower heads, sunflower straws and sunflower seed husks, and finds out a new substrate for culturing pholiota nameko.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes sunflower accessory substance-sunflower disk, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts to make pholiota nameko cultivation material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the preparation method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Sliding mushroom has another name called HUAZIGU, its matter is tender delicious, nutritious, according to analysis, the dry mushroom of every 100 g is containing crude protein 33.76 g, pure protein 15.13 g, fatty 4.05 g, total reducing sugar 38.89 g, cellulose 14.23 g, ash content 8.99 g, the rete malpighii of its mushroom cap surface is rich in mucopolysaccharide, has Tumor suppression, constitutional effect, and sliding mushroom is all good edible mushroom of a kind of inside and outside quality.
China is the main production and consumption big country of sliding mushroom, and output occupies first place in the world.The culturing raw material of sliding mushroom is based on hardwood wood chip and cotton seed hulls, but due to the shortage of hardwood wood chip and the continuous rise of cotton seed hulls price, cause the limited situation of extensive cultivation generally to occur, therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Sunflower, composite family annual herb plant, has another name called sunflower, turns day lotus, originate in the west and south of North America, imports the history that China has more than 400 year into.As a kind of important oil resource, its output is only second to soybean in the world.Also comparatively extensive in China's sunflower cultivation, be mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, current cultivated area about 960,000 hm
2, sunflower seeds annual production is close to 2,000,000 t.
As sunflower big producing country, China has achieved the suitability for industrialized production of sunflower oil extraction to the utilization of sunflower.Sunflower is except sunflower seeds is edible and except oil expression, the comprehensive utilization of its accessory substance sunflower disk (sloughing the sunflower plate of sunflower seeds), Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell (certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell) and sunflower seeds grouts also has large quantifier elimination, but utilization rate is still very low so far.
Sunflower sunflower disk output is about as much as 50% of seed production, and China is annual about produces 1,000,000 t sunflower disks, and current Application way has fermentation and biogas production, also field and fodder process three major types, but major part is still incinerated, and causes the significant wastage of resource; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell output is about as much as 35% of seed production, about has 700,000 t every year, these certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shells, and most of processing enterprise it can be used as discarded object to process, and both increases production cost, again contaminated environment; Sunflower Stalk is upright, and sturdy, biomass is high, and all the time, a large amount of Sunflower Stalk is burned all in the fields, and crop straw burning is serious environment pollution not only, brings potential safety hazard more can to traffic, civil aviaton etc.
According to surveying and determination: sunflower sunflower disk powder contains thick protein 15.82%, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.10%-23.5%, NFE 42.10%, also containing calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%; Sunflower Stalk contains crude protein 4.9%, crude fibre 45.6%-54.04%, NFE 35.7%; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell contains thick protein 5.4%-5.5%, crude fat 1.6%, crude fibre 47.4%-51.1%, also containing trace elements such as zinc 0.045%, magnesium 0.23%, calcium 0.35%-0.44%, phosphorus 0.08%-0.10%; Accessory substance when sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefactions, its protein content reaches 38%-42%, lysine 1.0%-1.2%, and methionine 0.6%-0.7%, nutritive value is higher.These components above, to grow the carbon source, the nitrogenous source that provide required for sliding mushroom.
In today that edible mushroom Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if the accessory substance sunflower disk of sunflower, Sunflower Stalk, the sliding mushroom of these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material of sunflower seed shell cultivation, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of pholiota nameko cultivation material compatibility that is primary raw material with sunflower sunflower disk, Sunflower Stalk, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell and sunflower seeds grouts
2, the preparation method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of pholiota nameko cultivation material compatibility, there are following component and quality proportioning: sunflower disk bits 10%-14%, Sunflower Stalk bits 15%-21%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 32%-42%, bagasse 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%, be all the quality of dry, proportioning sum is 100%.
Sunflower disk is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces: the fine platy particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Bagasse: the waste residue that sugarcane is remaining after squeezing sugar, in white or yellow-white after dry, has the fragranced of sugar.The thick slag of belt leather must be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.The main component of bagasse is the cellulose of about 50%, the hemicellulose of 30%, the lignin of 15% and a little ash content, crude protein and soluble sugar.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process, wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral matter etc.
Sunflower seeds grouts: a kind of byproduct obtained during sunflower seeds liquefaction.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritional labeling, faintly acid.
Pulverized limestone, land plaster: the acid-base value regulating, stablize planting material, increase calcium, sulphur nutritional labeling.
The preparation method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first sunflower disk is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole land plaster during first time turning, add whole bagasse, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, and then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, and humid control is at 60%-75%, and through the cultivation of 22d-24d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for primary raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, pulverized limestone, land plaster with the accessory substance-sunflower disk of sunflower, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts, makes pholiota nameko cultivation material.Its advantage is: one is reasonable raw material proportioning, facilitates the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient, makes bacterium material good permeability, water-retaining property strong, sliding mushroom mycelial growth is vigorous, and planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, and fructification growing way is good, output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 125.2%-132.5%; Two be not only sunflower disk, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell harmless treatment provide a solution, also for waterloo mushroom cultivation have found a kind of new matrix.
Detailed description of the invention
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, pholiota nameko cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: sunflower disk bits 10%, Sunflower Stalk bits 15%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 42%, bagasse 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%, be all the quality of dry, proportioning sum is 100%.
Preparation method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first sunflower disk is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2 m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole land plaster during first time turning, add whole bagasse, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, and then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C, and humid control is 65%, and through the cultivation of 24d, mycelia covers with pocket, namely enters management of producing mushroom.Utilize the sliding mushroom of planting material cultivation of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 132.5%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, pholiota nameko cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: sunflower disk bits 12%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 37%, bagasse 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%, be all the quality of dry, proportioning sum is 100%.Preparation method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the sliding mushroom of planting material cultivation of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 130.3%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, pholiota nameko cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: sunflower disk bits 14%, Sunflower Stalk bits 21%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 32%, bagasse 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%, be all the quality of dry, proportioning sum is 100%.Preparation method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the sliding mushroom of planting material cultivation of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 125.2%.
The sliding mushroom biological efficiency of table different modes planting material
Unit (%)
Claims (1)
1. the preparation method of a pholiota nameko cultivation material, it is characterized in that: described planting material is containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: sunflower disk bits 10%, Sunflower Stalk bits 15%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 42%, bagasse 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%, be all the quality of dry, proportioning sum is 100%; Described sunflower disk bits be slough sunflower seeds sunflower plate, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm; It is sunflower stem stalk that described Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm; Described certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces is sunflower sunflower seed shell, through drying the fine platy particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm; The waste residue that described bagasse is left after being sugarcane squeezing sugar, the thick ground-slag of belt leather are broken into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm; A kind of byproduct that described sunflower seeds grouts obtain when being sunflower seeds liquefactions; Described wheat bran is the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process; The preparation method of described planting material is:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first sunflower disk is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, prewet with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole land plaster during first time turning, add whole bagasse, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C;
After made planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, and then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C, and humid control is 65%, and through the cultivation of 24d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN104604529A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method of Pholiota nameko |
| CN104604531A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method of Pholiota nameko |
| CN104725123A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104725125A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104725124A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104774082A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104774081A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
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