CN103539504B - Method for producing pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation material by using waste produced by producing and processing hickory - Google Patents
Method for producing pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation material by using waste produced by producing and processing hickory Download PDFInfo
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- CN103539504B CN103539504B CN201310505994.8A CN201310505994A CN103539504B CN 103539504 B CN103539504 B CN 103539504B CN 201310505994 A CN201310505994 A CN 201310505994A CN 103539504 B CN103539504 B CN 103539504B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation material which is characterized by taking hickory branch scraps, cattail shell scraps and fruit shell scraps as main raw materials and sugarcane slag, bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum powder and the like as auxiliary materials; the water content of the cultivation material is 63-65 percent. The invention also discloses a production method of the cultivation material. The cultivation material and the method have the advantages that 1, the hickory branch scraps, the cattail shell scraps and the fruit shell scraps are subjected to insolation, secondary fermentation or accumulation and aging, so that poisonous bacteriostatics is degraded, macromolecular substances such as xylogen and cellulose are decomposed into simple substances which are favorable for pleurotus nebrodensis hypha absorption, and the growth of pleurotus nebrodensis hypha is promoted; 2, the cultivation material is reasonable in proportion, bacterial materials are high in penetrability and high in water-retaining property, pleurotus nebrodensis grows well and is high in yield, and the biological efficiency is up to 110.3-120.5 percent; 3, a solution is provided for innocent treatment of taking hickory branches, cattail shells and fruit shells, and a new substrate is found for the cultivation of the pleurotus nebrodensis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus nebrodensis claims again white Resina Ferulae mushroom, is the white mutation that eryngo is picked up the ears.Its mushroom body colour pool is pure white, meat is fine and smooth, delicious flavour, rich in proteins 14.7%, and fat 4.31%, robust fibre 15.4%, total amino acid content is 10.6%, and contains various trace elements.The fungus polysaccharide isoreactivity material that particularly Pleurotus nebrodensis is rich in, has enhancing body immunity, regulates the effect of human body physiological equilibrium.Pleurotus nebrodensis is all very high rare edible mushroomss of a kind of edible and pharmaceutical use.
Pleurotus nebrodensis is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, mushroom agriculture is all to using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material aborning.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, cotton seed hulls class cost of material continuous rise, so each production unit is all attached great importance to and is looked for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory, is a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has so far more than 500 year, is mainly distributed in around the temmoku mountain area of Zhejiang, two provinces boundaries, Anhui, is located in north latitude 29
0-31
0, east longitude 118
0-120
0, total cultivated area approximately 8.67 ten thousand hm
2, more than 20,000 tons of annual production.
In Semen Caryae Cathayensis production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch producing after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, prune every year the branch enormous amount falling, yet these branches is not reasonably utilized from Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell (being formed by exocarp and mesocarp).Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis of every output just has the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, (Semen Caryae Cathayensis produces in mountain area some woods that shelled also after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and not and the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption also all too is limited, and therefore a large amount of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; The 3rd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, is the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer forms.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell producing is concentrated in a large number, the most of enterprise of these shells processes it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell drying contains xylogen approximately 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin approximately 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 11%.These components, can provide essential carbon source for Pleurotus nebrodensis grows above.But because this three classes waste also contains the materials such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelia, so wish utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell cultivation Pleurotus nebrodensis, and key is to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly shortage today, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivation Pleurotus nebrodensis of shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material compatibility that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell be main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 6%-10%, Pu shell bits 11%-17%, shell bits 30%-40%, bagasse 20%, wheat bran 18%, Semen Maydis powder 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then put outdoor naturally stack (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), the high 1.5m-2m of stockpile, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (wood grain water content reaches capacity), and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in turning in every 2 months, and time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects standby.
Pu shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then put outdoor naturally stack (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), the high 2m-3m of stockpile, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity), and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in every 20d turning, and time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects standby.
Shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bagasse: sugarcane is squeezed sugar remaining waste residue afterwards, is white in color or yellow-white after being dried, and has sugared aromatising flavour.The thick slag of belt leather must be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.The main component of bagasse is approximately 50% Mierocrystalline cellulose, 30% hemicellulose, 15% xylogen and a little ash content, crude protein and soluble sugar.
Wheat bran: wheat is separated wheat cortex in processing flour process, and wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Semen Maydis powder: as available nutrient, for Pleurotus nebrodensis growth provides vitamin H etc.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provide phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Terra alba: stablize planting material potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by plastics stopper, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 26d-28d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, makes Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material.Its advantage is: the one, and Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, both the poisonous bacteriostatics of having degraded, make again the macromolecular substance such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose be decomposed into and be conducive to the simple material that Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelia absorbs, promoted the growth of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelia; The 2nd, planting material reasonable ratio, bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and Pleurotus nebrodensis growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 110.3%-120.5%; The 3rd, not only the harmless treatment for Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell provides a terms of settlement, also for Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis has found a kind of new matrix.
embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 6%, Pu shell bits 11%, shell bits 40%, bagasse 20%, wheat bran 18%, Semen Maydis powder 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2 m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, carries out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4 times altogether, time remaining 6d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by plastics stopper, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, and temperature is controlled at 22 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%, and through the cultivation of 28d, mycelia is covered with pocket, enters management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus nebrodensis reaches 120.5%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%, Pu shell bits 14%, shell bits 35%, bagasse 20%, wheat bran 18%, Semen Maydis powder 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus nebrodensis reaches 116.7%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%, Pu shell bits 17%, shell bits 30%, bagasse 20%, wheat bran 18%, Semen Maydis powder 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus nebrodensis reaches 110.3%.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on Pleurotus nebrodensis biological efficiency
Claims (3)
1. a Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material, is characterized in that:
1. prepare burden: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 6%-10%, Pu shell bits 11%-17%, shell bits 30%-40%, bagasse 20%, wheat bran 18%, Semen Maydis powder 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered to be worth doing, Pu shell bits: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits are for pruning the branch falling in Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm, Pu shell bits are Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm, Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, must be through natural packing fermentation, during windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening, bits grain water content reaches capacity, Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered turning in every two months to be worth doing once, composting time remaining 1 year, Pu shell is considered every 20d turning to be worth doing once, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, material is fully dried, collect standby,
3. shell bits: shell bits are Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, are then deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year is standby;
4. bagasse: be that sugarcane is squeezed remaining waste residue after sugar, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm;
5. wheat bran: be wheat separated wheat cortex in processing flour process.
2. the making method of a kind of Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, water is prewetted thereafter, makes it fully drenched;
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add bagasse, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba auxiliary material, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to below 25 ℃.
3. the making method of a kind of Cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that after the planting material access bacterial classification of made, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 26d-28d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN104054512A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-24 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating stropharia rugoso annulata through pecan shells |
| CN104541994A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-04-29 | 邬方成 | Pleurotus nebrodensis culture method |
| CN104584881A (en) * | 2015-02-22 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation method |
| CN104744127A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation material |
| CN104725126A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pleurotus nebrodensis cultivation material |
| CN104770210A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-07-15 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus nebrodensis culture method |
| CN105418182A (en) * | 2015-12-27 | 2016-03-23 | 哈尔滨泉兴科技有限公司 | Composite organic fertilizer for foliage-ornamental plants |
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