CN103641557B - Method for manufacturing hericium erinaceus culture material from sunflower byproducts - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing hericium erinaceus culture material from sunflower byproducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641557B CN103641557B CN201310650794.1A CN201310650794A CN103641557B CN 103641557 B CN103641557 B CN 103641557B CN 201310650794 A CN201310650794 A CN 201310650794A CN 103641557 B CN103641557 B CN 103641557B
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- sunflower
- hericium erinaceus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a hericium erinaceus culture material which is characterized in that sunflower byproducts, including sunflower heads, sunflower straws, sunflower seed husks and sunflower seed cakes, are used as main raw materials; cottonseed hull, bran, sunflower seed cakes, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials; and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. The method has the following advantages: the raw materials are proportioned reasonably to promote the physical behavior complementation and nutrient complementation of the culture material, so that the culture material has favorable air permeability and high water retention property, and the hericium erinaceus hypha can grow vigorously; the culture material has the advantages of balanced nutrition, proper pH, good growth vigor of sporophores and high yield, and the biological efficiency is up to 128.5-136.2%; and the method provides a solution for innocent treatment of sunflower heads, sunflower straws and sunflower seed husks, and finds out a new substrate for culturing hericium erinaceus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Sunflower Receptacle by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts to make Hericium erinaceus culture material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.。
Background technology
Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., sporophore is round and thick, is covered with needle-like bacterium thorn, the pole of figure like the head of monkey, so gain the name.The title that Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. has " mountain delicacy ", nutritious, be famous nourishing body-strengening food, also there is higher pharmaceutical use simultaneously, have very high curative ratio to the tumour of some Digestive tract and inflammation.
Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, mushroom agriculture is all using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material aborning.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, cotton seed hulls class cost of material continuous rise, therefore each production unit is all attached great importance to and is looked for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Sunflower Receptacle, composite family annual herb plant, has another name called sunflower, turns day lotus, originate in the west and south of North America, imports the history that China has more than 400 year into.As a kind of important oil resource, its output is only second to soybean in the world.Also comparatively extensive in China's Sunflower Receptacle cultivation, be mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, current cultivated area about 960,000 hm
2, sunflower seeds annual production is close to 2,000,000 t.
As Sunflower Receptacle big producing country, China has achieved the suitability for industrialized production of sunflower seed oil extraction to the utilization of Sunflower Receptacle.Sunflower Receptacle is except sunflower seeds is edible and except oil expression, the comprehensive utilization of its by product Receptaculum Helianthi (sloughing the sunflower plate of sunflower seeds), Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell (certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell) and sunflower seeds grouts also has large quantifier elimination, but utilization ratio is still very low so far.
Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi output is about as much as 50% of seed production, and China is annual about produces 1,000,000 t Receptaculum Helianthi, and current Application way has fermentation and biogas production, also field and fodder process three major types, but major part is still incinerated, and causes the significant wastage of resource; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell output is about as much as 35% of seed production, about has 700,000 t every year, these certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shells, and most of processing enterprise it can be used as waste to process, and both increases production cost, again contaminate environment; Sunflower Stalk is upright, and sturdy, biomass is high, and all the time, a large amount of Sunflower Stalk is burned all in the fields, and crop straw burning is serious environment pollution not only, brings potential safety hazard more can to traffic, civil aviaton etc.
According to surveying and determination: Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi powder contains crude protein 15.82%, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.10%-23.5%, nitrogen-free extract 42.10%, also containing calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%; Sunflower Stalk contains crude protein 4.9%, robust fibre 45.6%-54.04%, nitrogen-free extract 35.7%; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell contains crude protein 5.4%-5.5%, crude fat 1.6%, crude fibre 47.4%-51.1%, also containing trace elements such as zinc 0.045%, magnesium 0.23%, calcium 0.35%-0.44%, phosphorus 0.08%-0.10%; By product when sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefactions, its protein content reaches 38%-42%, Methionin 1.0%-1.2%, and methionine(Met) 0.6%-0.7%, nutritive value is higher.These components above, to grow carbon source, the nitrogenous source providing required for Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers..
In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if the by product Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material of sunflower seed shell cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material compatibility that is main raw material with Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell and sunflower seeds grouts
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material compatibility, there are following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 20%-26%, Sunflower Stalk bits 16%-20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 22%-32%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 4%, calcium superphosphate 1%, potassium primary phosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces: the fine platy particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process, wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Sunflower seeds grouts: a kind of byproduct obtained during sunflower seeds liquefaction.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Potassium primary phosphate: be agricultural potassium primary phosphate, provides phosphorus, potassium nutrition composition, regulates planting material acidity (pH value of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 4.6).
Terra alba: stablize planting material potential of hydrogen, increases calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, prewets (fully drenched) thereafter with water;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts, calcium superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: Polypropylene bottle planting material being loaded 1100ml × 78mm, the heavy 720g-750g of dress wet feed, stamp and plant bacterium hole, planting aperture, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out autoclaving, first sterilizing 1h at 100 DEG C, then rises to 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cools to less than 25 DEG C after sterilizing.
After planting material access bacterial classification, culturing room's temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, and relative air humidity controls at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 20d-22d, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, potassium primary phosphate and terra alba with the by product-Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts, makes Hericium erinaceus culture material.Its advantage is: one is reasonable raw material proportioning, facilitate the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient, make bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity strong, hericium mycelium growth is vigorous, planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, pH suitable, sporophore growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 128.5%-136.2%; Two be not only Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell harmless treatment provide a terms of settlement, also for Hericium erinaceus culture have found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 20%, Sunflower Stalk bits 16%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 32%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 4%, calcium superphosphate 1%, potassium primary phosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, prewets (fully drenched) thereafter with water;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2 m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts, calcium superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: Polypropylene bottle planting material being loaded 1100ml × 78mm, the heavy 720g-750g of dress wet feed, stamp and plant bacterium hole, planting aperture, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out autoclaving, first sterilizing 1h at 100 DEG C, then rises to 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cools to less than 25 DEG C after sterilizing.
After planting material access bacterial classification, culturing room's temperature controls at 22 DEG C, and relative air humidity controls 65%, through the cultivation of 22d, namely enters management of producing mushroom.Utilize the planting material cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 136.2%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 23%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 27%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 4%, calcium superphosphate 1%, potassium primary phosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 132.0%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 26%, Sunflower Stalk bits 20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 22%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 4%, calcium superphosphate 1%, potassium primary phosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 128.5%.
The Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. biological efficiency of table different modes planting material
Unit (%)
Claims (7)
1. a Hericium erinaceus culture material, it is characterized in that containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 20%-26%, Sunflower Stalk bits 16%-20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 22%-32%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 4%, calcium superphosphate 1%, potassium primary phosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%; The making method of described planting material is:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, prewet with water thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts, calcium superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: Polypropylene bottle planting material being loaded 1100ml × 78mm, the heavy 720g-750g of dress wet feed, stamp and plant bacterium hole, planting aperture, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out autoclaving, first sterilizing 1h at 100 DEG C, then rises to 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cools to less than 25 DEG C after sterilizing.
2. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Receptaculum Helianthi bits be slough sunflower seeds sunflower plate, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Sunflower Stalk bits are Sunflower Receptacle stem stalks, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
4. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces be Sunflower Receptacle sunflower seed shell, through drying the fine platy particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
5. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that a kind of byproduct that described sunflower seeds grouts obtain when being sunflower seeds liquefactions.
6. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wheat bran is the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process.
7. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that made planting material access bacterial classification, culturing room's temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, and relative air humidity controls at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 20d-22d, management of producing mushroom can be entered.
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| CN104557175A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 邬金飞 | Production method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104725122A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104725121A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104761326A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 邬方成 | A preparing method of a hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104961562B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2018-07-31 | 天津师范大学 | A kind of mushroom cultivation material and the preparation method and application thereof of addition part sunflower seed shell |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5503647A (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1996-04-02 | Campbell Soup Company | Mushroom casing spawn |
| CN102863270A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2013-01-09 | 王萍 | Ingredient for cultivating Hericium erinaceus and application method thereof |
| CN103387451A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-11-13 | 邬金飞 | A hericium erinaceus cultivation material and a method for preparing the cultivation material |
| CN103408368A (en) * | 2013-08-03 | 2013-11-27 | 邬金飞 | Compatibility and manufacturing method of Hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
-
2013
- 2013-12-08 CN CN201310650794.1A patent/CN103641557B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5503647A (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1996-04-02 | Campbell Soup Company | Mushroom casing spawn |
| CN102863270A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2013-01-09 | 王萍 | Ingredient for cultivating Hericium erinaceus and application method thereof |
| CN103387451A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-11-13 | 邬金飞 | A hericium erinaceus cultivation material and a method for preparing the cultivation material |
| CN103408368A (en) * | 2013-08-03 | 2013-11-27 | 邬金飞 | Compatibility and manufacturing method of Hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
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| 不同培养料栽培猴头实验;蒲训 等;《甘肃科学学报》;19970930;第9卷(第3期);第74-77页 * |
| 油葵花盘培养料栽培杏鲍菇试验研究;杨建杰等;《甘肃农业科技》;20061231(第4期);第9-11页 * |
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