CN103408368A - Compatibility and manufacturing method of Hericium erinaceus cultivation material - Google Patents
Compatibility and manufacturing method of Hericium erinaceus cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103408368A CN103408368A CN2013103499360A CN201310349936A CN103408368A CN 103408368 A CN103408368 A CN 103408368A CN 2013103499360 A CN2013103499360 A CN 2013103499360A CN 201310349936 A CN201310349936 A CN 201310349936A CN 103408368 A CN103408368 A CN 103408368A
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Abstract
The invention provides a Hericium erinaceus cultivation material, which is characterized by comprising main raw materials of chestnut branch sawdust, bud shell shreds and chestnut shell shreds, and accessory materials of cob, wheat bran, soybean meal and gesso; the pH value of the cultivation material is adjusted by potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 5.5-5.7; and the water content of the cultivation material is 63-65%. The invention also comprises a manufacturing method of the cultivation material. Compared with an existing sawdust and cottonseed hull cultivation material, the cultivation material provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1, the cultivation material has suitable pH value, realizes vigorous and compact growth of mycelia and shortens time for filling a bottle; 2, the chestnut branch sawdust, bud shell shreds and chestnut shell shreds are subjected to daylight insolation, accumulation aging and biological fermentation to remove poisonous bacteriostatics and degrade macromolecular substances, so as to benefit absorption of the Hericium erinaceus mycelia; 3, the Hericium erinaceus has good fruiting performance, good product properties and high biological efficiency; and 4, the method widens the channels of cultivation raw materials and substantially reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises Hericium erinaceus culture material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to the fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., sporophore is round and thick, is covered with needle-like bacterium thorn, and the pole of figure is like the head of monkey, so gain the name.Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. has the title of " mountain delicacy ", nutritious, is famous nourishing body-strengening food, also has simultaneously higher pharmaceutical use, and tumour and the inflammation of some Digestive tract had to very high curative ratio.
Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. artificial culture materials are mostly cotton seed hulls at present, hardwood sawdust etc., fast development along with mushroom industry, production-scale expansion, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. produces the problem that also faces shortage of raw materials and production cost rising, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Chinese chestnut tree is Fagaceae Castanea nuts plant, and its fruit is the famous Traditional Agricultural byproduct of China.China is the first big producing country of Chinese chestnut, and according to the statistics of Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), to the end of the year in 2009, the Chinese Chestnut cultivated area was 200,000 hm
2, ultimate production is about 1,090,000 t, accounts for 77% of Gross World Product.
In Chinese chestnut production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch produced after pruning.China's Chinese chestnut cultivated area is large, 700,000 tons of the branch Yue Keda that the pruning of annual Cong Li garden falls, however these branches are not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, shell, have another name called luxuriant shell, Li Peng, Li Pu shell, is the waste stayed after collecting Chinese chestnut, general every 100kg Chinese chestnut just means the dry luxuriant shell that 60kg-90kg is arranged, and these luxuriant shells are drawn materials easily, enormous amount, but done fuel except minority, all the other are often arbitrarily abandoned or let alone rots; The 3rd, the chestnut shell, namely plant skin for the pericarp of Li Jianguo, accounts for 10% of chestnut fruit weight, and the chestnut shell is to produce in the Chinese chestnut course of processing, aboundresources and concentrating, but most of enterprise processes it as waste, both increased production cost, wastes again resource.
The Chinese chestnut branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; The bud shell, contain higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, luxuriant shell contains crude protein 8.78%, carbon 39.04%, nitrogen 1.348%; The chestnut shell, contain the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, and wherein content of cellulose reaches 48%, and xylogen accounts for 28.5%.Above these components, can grow essential carbon source, nitrogenous source is provided for edible fungi growth.But chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, these three kinds of materials of chestnut shell also contain the materials such as tannin, wax, can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, therefore must effectively process, make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.The method of processing comprises: sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation etc.After treatment, owing to having removed the objectionable impurities that affects the hypha of edible fungus growth, therefore be suitable for the growth of wood rotting fungi.
Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has the xylogen of decomposition, cellulosic ability.Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly the shortage today, if chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. of chestnut shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, the chestnut shell Hericium erinaceus culture material compatibility as main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material compatibility, following component and quality proportioning are arranged: chestnut branch bits 15%-25%, bud shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 12%-18%, corn cob 27%, wheat bran 12%, dregs of beans 5%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and sterilizing front with potassium primary phosphate, to adjust PH be 5.5-5.7 (PH of sterilizing rear planting material is 5.0-5.2).
Chestnut branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bud shell bits: be exposed to the sun, be ground into the following particle of particle diameter 3mm (preventing the long sack that punctures of luxuriant shell thorn), be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Chestnut shell bits: be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm after the chestnut shell that fresh nothing is gone mouldy is exposed to the sun, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Corn cob: through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, standby.
Wheat bran: wheat separates in processing flour process wheat cortex.
Dregs of beans: be a kind of byproduct obtained after the soybean extracting bean oil, the main component of dregs of beans is: protein 40%-48%, Methionin 2.5%-3.0%, tryptophane 0.6%-0.7%, methionine(Met) 0.5%-0.7%.
Terra alba: provide calcareous, stablize potential of hydrogen.
Potassium primary phosphate: be agricultural potassium primary phosphate, it is acid that the aqueous solution is, and the pH value of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 4.6.
The making method of planting material, comprise the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make simultaneously antibacterial substance decompose volatilization;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, then add water and prewet, make compound fully drenched;
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, when turning for the third time, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, dregs of beans, terra alba, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, with potassium primary phosphate, adjust pH value, make the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%, PH is 5.5-5.7;
5. bottle, beat and plant the bacterium hole: by the planting material 1100ml * 78mmPP culture bottle of packing into, stamping the aperture of planting ，Zhi Jun hole, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: as culture bottle to be carried out to autoclaving, first keep 100 ℃ of sterilizing 1h, then rise to 121 ℃ of autoclaving 1h; Process of cooling is: naturally cool to below 25 ℃.
Planting material is after the access bacterial classification, and culture temperature is controlled at 20 ℃-22 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, and through the cultivation of 21d-23d, mycelia is covered with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention be take chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits and is main raw material, take corn cob, wheat bran, dregs of beans, terra alba to be auxiliary material, adjusts pH value with potassium primary phosphate, makes the Hericium erinaceus culture material.With existing wood chip, cottonseed shell cultivation material, compare, its advantage is: the one, and planting material PH is suitable, and mycelial growth is fine and close, growing way is vigorous, full bottle time shorten; The 2nd, chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, process by sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation, both removed poisonous bacteriostatics, makes again the macromolecular substance degraded, is conducive to the absorption of hericium mycelium; The 3rd, the Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. fruiting performance is good, and commodity property is good, and biological efficiency is higher; The 4th, widened the culturing raw material channel, greatly reduce production cost.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, the Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 15%, luxuriant shell bits 22%, chestnut shell bits 18%, corn cob 27%, wheat bran 12%, dregs of beans 5%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and sterilizing front with potassium primary phosphate, to adjust PH be 5.5-5.7.
Making method:
1. shine material: 2d is exposed to the sun raw material before spice;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, then add water and prewet, make compound fully drenched;
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2m, and the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, after carrying out heap, pat surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, when turning for the third time, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, dregs of beans, terra alba, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times totally 5 times, time remaining 7d, while stopping fermentation, with potassium primary phosphate, adjust pH value, make the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%, PH is 5.5-5.7:
5. bottle, beat and plant the bacterium hole: by the planting material 1100ml * 7gmmPP culture bottle of packing into, stamping the aperture of planting ，Zhi Jun hole, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: as culture bottle to be carried out to autoclaving, first keep 100 ℃ of sterilizing 1h, then rise to 121 ℃ of autoclaving 1h; Process of cooling is: naturally cool to below 25 ℃.
Planting material is after the access bacterial classification, and culture temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%, and through the cultivation of 21d, mycelia is covered with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, the Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 20%, luxuriant shell bits 20%, chestnut shell bits 15%, corn cob 27%, wheat bran 12%, dregs of beans 5%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and sterilizing front with potassium primary phosphate, to adjust PH be 5.5-5.7.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, the Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 25%, luxuriant shell bits 18%, chestnut shell bits 12%, corn cob 27%, wheat bran 12%, dregs of beans 5%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and sterilizing front with potassium primary phosphate, to adjust PH be 5.5-5.7.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 4 (control group): wood chip 40%, cotton seed hulls 38%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1%.
As can be known from following table: take the chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits of all modes are the formula group of major ingredient, and the full bottle of a mycelia number of days shortens 3d-5d than control group, and its biological efficiency reaches 125.7%-131.2%, all over the control group level.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on the Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. biological efficiency
Claims (8)
1. Hericium erinaceus culture material, it is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 15%-25%, bud shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 12%-18%, corn cob 27%, wheat bran 12%, dregs of beans 5%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and sterilizing front with potassium primary phosphate, to adjust PH be 5.5-5.7 (PH of sterilizing rear planting material is 5.0-5.2).
2. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described chestnut branch bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, dry and are deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
3. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described luxuriant shell bits, for the following particle of particle diameter 3mm, are deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year after being exposed to the sun, pulverizing.
4. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described chestnut shell bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, are deposited in air seasoning place after being exposed to the sun, pulverizing, ageing 1 year.
5. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described corn cob is through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
6. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wheat bran is wheat separates in processing flour process wheat cortex.
7. the making method of the Hericium erinaceus culture material described in a claim 1-6 is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make simultaneously antibacterial substance decompose volatilization;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, then add water and prewet, make compound fully drenched;
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, when turning for the third time, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, dregs of beans, terra alba, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, with potassium primary phosphate, adjust pH value, make the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%, PH is 5.5-5.7;
5. bottle, beat and plant the bacterium hole: by the planting material 1100ml * 78mmPP culture bottle of packing into, stamping the aperture of planting ，Zhi Jun hole, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: as culture bottle to be carried out to autoclaving, first keep 100 ℃ of sterilizing 1h, then rise to 121 ℃ of autoclaving 1h; Process of cooling is: naturally cool to below 25 ℃.
8. utilize the Hericium erinaceus culture material described in claim 1-7, after it is characterized in that accessing bacterial classification, culturing room's temperature is controlled at 20 ℃-22 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, and through the cultivation of 21d-23d, mycelia is covered with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN103641557A (en) * | 2013-12-08 | 2014-03-19 | 邬金梅 | Method for manufacturing hericium erinaceus culture material from sunflower byproducts |
| CN103947743A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-07-30 | 济南康众医药科技开发有限公司 | Drying method of hericium erinaceus |
| CN104211494A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-17 | 王方玉 | Hericium erinaceus compost and preparation method thereof |
| CN104557175A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 邬金飞 | Production method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104584869A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Hericium erinaceus cultivation method |
| CN104725121A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104725122A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104725120A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104737784A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method for hericium erinaceus |
| CN104761326A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 邬方成 | A preparing method of a hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104756757A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 邬方成 | Method for planting hericium erinaceus |
| CN104823704A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-12 | 朱峰 | Cultivation method of monkey head mushrooms |
| CN107434730A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-12-05 | 桂林洁宇环保科技有限责任公司 | A kind of new hericium erinaceus culture material |
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| CN103641557A (en) * | 2013-12-08 | 2014-03-19 | 邬金梅 | Method for manufacturing hericium erinaceus culture material from sunflower byproducts |
| CN103641557B (en) * | 2013-12-08 | 2015-05-27 | 邬金梅 | Method for manufacturing hericium erinaceus culture material from sunflower byproducts |
| CN103947743A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-07-30 | 济南康众医药科技开发有限公司 | Drying method of hericium erinaceus |
| CN104211494A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-17 | 王方玉 | Hericium erinaceus compost and preparation method thereof |
| CN104557175A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 邬金飞 | Production method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104584869A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Hericium erinaceus cultivation method |
| CN104725121A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104725122A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104725120A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104761326A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 邬方成 | A preparing method of a hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104756757A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 邬方成 | Method for planting hericium erinaceus |
| CN104737784A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method for hericium erinaceus |
| CN104823704A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-12 | 朱峰 | Cultivation method of monkey head mushrooms |
| CN107434730A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-12-05 | 桂林洁宇环保科技有限责任公司 | A kind of new hericium erinaceus culture material |
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