CN103508783A - Method for preparing pleurotus cornucopiae cultivating material by using carya production and processing waste - Google Patents

Method for preparing pleurotus cornucopiae cultivating material by using carya production and processing waste Download PDF

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CN103508783A
CN103508783A CN201310504519.9A CN201310504519A CN103508783A CN 103508783 A CN103508783 A CN 103508783A CN 201310504519 A CN201310504519 A CN 201310504519A CN 103508783 A CN103508783 A CN 103508783A
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shell
bits
caryae cathayensis
semen caryae
turning
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CN103508783B (en
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邬方成
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Abstract

The invention discloses a pleurotus cornucopiae cultivating material which is characterized in that carya branch scraps, hull scraps and shell scraps are used as main raw materials, and maize cores, bran, powdery soy bean, superphosphate, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials; the moisture content of the cultivating material is 63-65 percent. The invention further discloses a method for preparing the cultivating material. The method has the advantages as follows: firstly, due to the sunlight exposure, secondary fermentation or stacking ageing treatment of the carya branch scraps, the hull scraps and the shell scraps is performed, toxic antimicrobial substances are degraded, and besides, macromolecule substances including lignin, cellulose and the like are degraded to simple substances which are easily absorbed by pleurotus cornucopiae mycelium, as a result, the growth of the pleurotus cornucopiae mycelium is promoted; secondly, the matching of the cultivating material is reasonable, the air penetrability is good, the water retention property is strong, the growth status of the pleurotus cornucopiae is good, the output is high, and the biological efficiency reaches 110.6-125.2 percent; thirdly, not only is a solution provided for harmless treatment of the carya branches, the hulls and the shells, but also a new substrate for cultivation of the pleurotus cornucopiae is found.

Description

A kind of method of utilizing Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make Ji mushroom planting material
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make Ji mushroom planting material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Ji mushroom also claims yellowish-white picking up the ears, purple spore is picked up the ears, and the multiple watt shape of sporophore is grown thickly, handle white, cover leaden, mushroom meat is more plump, quality is tender and crisp, and delicious flavour not only contains the trace elements such as protein, sugar, fat, VITAMIN and iron, calcium, and also very abundant containing amino acid whose kind, especially contain necessary 8 seed amino acids of human body, belong to the heath food that nutrition is high, heat is low, the long-term edible function reducing blood pressure with cholesterol that has.Ji mushroom wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, is not only applicable to peasant family plantation, is suitable for again carrying out large-scale production, be a kind of rising high-grade edible bacterium.
Ji mushroom is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, mushroom agriculture is all to using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material aborning.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, cotton seed hulls class cost of material continuous rise, so each production unit is all attached great importance to and is looked for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory, is a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has so far more than 500 year, is mainly distributed in around the temmoku mountain area of two provinces boundaries, Zhe, Anhui, is located in north latitude 29 0-31 0, east longitude 118 0-120 0, total cultivated area approximately 8.67 ten thousand hm 2, more than 20,000 tons of annual production.
In Semen Caryae Cathayensis production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch producing after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, prune every year the branch enormous amount falling, yet these branches is not reasonably utilized from Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell (being formed by exocarp and mesocarp).Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis of every output just has the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, some woods that shelled also (Semen Caryae Cathayensis Chan mountain area after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and not and the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption also all too is limited, and therefore a large amount of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; The 3rd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, is the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer forms.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell producing is concentrated in a large number, the most of enterprise of these shells processes it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell drying contains xylogen approximately 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin approximately 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 11%.These components, can provide essential carbon source for Ji mushroom grows above.But because this three classes waste also contains the materials such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of Ji mushroom mycelia, so wish utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell cultivation Ji mushroom, and key is to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly shortage today, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivations of shell Ji mushroom, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the Ji mushroom planting material compatibility that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell be main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A mushroom planting material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-12%, Pu shell bits 17%-23%, shell bits 25%-35%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, soyflour 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then put and outdoorly naturally stack (windrow place should in the middle of slightly high, surrounding slightly Di,Bing You ditch, not ponding), the high 1.5m-2m of stockpile, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.The watering of windrow Shi,Ying Bian Dui limit, makes material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (wood grain water content reaches capacity), and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in turning in every 2 months, and time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects standby.
Pu shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then put and outdoorly naturally stack (windrow place should in the middle of slightly high, surrounding slightly Di,Bing You ditch, not ponding), the high 2m-3m of stockpile, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.The watering of windrow Shi,Ying Bian Dui limit, makes material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity), and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in every 20d turning, and time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects standby.
Shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Corn cob: through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, standby.
Wheat bran: wheat is separated wheat cortex in processing flour process.Wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Soyflour: soybean drying, pulverizing form.As available nutrient, can promote Ji mushroom mycelia Fast Growth.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provide phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Terra alba: stablize planting material potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m 3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, soyflour, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by plastics stopper, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 25d-27d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, soyflour, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, makes Ji mushroom planting material.Its advantage is: the one, and Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, both the poisonous bacteriostatics of having degraded, make again the macromolecular substance such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose be decomposed into and be conducive to the simple material that Ji mushroom mycelia absorbs, promoted the growth of Ji mushroom mycelia; The 2nd, planting material reasonable ratio, bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and Ji mushroom growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 110.6%-125.2%; The 3rd, not only the harmless treatment for Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell provides a terms of settlement, also for a kind of new matrix has been found in the cultivation of Ji mushroom.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Ji mushroom planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%, Pu shell bits 17%, shell bits 35%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, soyflour 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2 m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, carries out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m 3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, soyflour, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4 times altogether, time remaining 6d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by plastics stopper, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, and temperature is controlled at 22 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%, and through the cultivation of 27d, mycelia is covered with pocket, enters management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of Ji mushroom reaches 125.2%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Ji mushroom planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%, Pu shell bits 20%, shell bits 30%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, soyflour 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Ji mushroom reaches 118.6%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Ji mushroom planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 12%, Pu shell bits 23%, shell bits 25%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, soyflour 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Ji mushroom reaches 110.6%.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on Ji mushroom biological efficiency
Figure 77435DEST_PATH_IMAGE001

Claims (9)

1. a Ji mushroom planting material, is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-12%, Pu shell bits 17%-23%, shell bits 25%-35%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, soyflour 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of Ji mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits are for pruning the branch falling in Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of Ji mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Pu shell bits are for Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm.
4. a kind of Ji mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, must be through natural packing fermentation, the watering of windrow Shi,Ying Bian Dui limit, makes material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (bits grain water content reaches capacity), Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered turning in every two months to be worth doing once, composting time remaining 1 year, and Pu shell is considered every 20d turning to be worth doing once, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, material is fully dried, collect standby.
5. a kind of Ji mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described shell bits are Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, is then deposited in air seasoning place, and ageing 1 year is standby.
6. a kind of Ji mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described corn cob is the cob after corn threshing, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
7. a kind of Ji mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wheat bran is wheat cortex separated in wheat processing flour process.
8. a making method for the Ji mushroom planting material described in claim 1-7, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m 3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, soyflour, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
9. utilize the Ji mushroom planting material described in claim 1-8, it is characterized in that accessing after bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 25d-27d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104557326A (en) * 2015-02-03 2015-04-29 邬方成 Method for preparing pleurotus cornucopiae cultivation material
CN104584868A (en) * 2015-02-10 2015-05-06 邬金梅 Branched oyster mushroom cultivation method
CN104584870A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-05-06 邬金梅 Cultivation method for pleurotus cornucopiae
CN104718980A (en) * 2015-02-28 2015-06-24 邬金梅 Branched oyster mushroom cultivation method
CN104737806A (en) * 2015-03-20 2015-07-01 邬方成 Lentinus edodes cultivation method
CN104737778A (en) * 2015-03-08 2015-07-01 邬方成 Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation method
CN104737813A (en) * 2015-03-22 2015-07-01 邬金飞 Agrocybe cylindracea cultivation method
CN104737810A (en) * 2015-03-21 2015-07-01 邬金梅 Pleurotus eryngii cultivation method
CN104737777A (en) * 2015-03-08 2015-07-01 邬方成 Pleurotus eryngii cultivation method
CN104737776A (en) * 2015-03-08 2015-07-01 邬方成 Pleurotus eryngii cultivation method
CN104782400A (en) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-22 邬金飞 Cultivation method for pleurotus cornucopiae
CN104782401A (en) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-22 邬金飞 Cultivation method for pleurotus cornucopiae

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104557326A (en) * 2015-02-03 2015-04-29 邬方成 Method for preparing pleurotus cornucopiae cultivation material
CN104584868A (en) * 2015-02-10 2015-05-06 邬金梅 Branched oyster mushroom cultivation method
CN104584870A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-05-06 邬金梅 Cultivation method for pleurotus cornucopiae
CN104718980A (en) * 2015-02-28 2015-06-24 邬金梅 Branched oyster mushroom cultivation method
CN104737778A (en) * 2015-03-08 2015-07-01 邬方成 Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation method
CN104737777A (en) * 2015-03-08 2015-07-01 邬方成 Pleurotus eryngii cultivation method
CN104737776A (en) * 2015-03-08 2015-07-01 邬方成 Pleurotus eryngii cultivation method
CN104737806A (en) * 2015-03-20 2015-07-01 邬方成 Lentinus edodes cultivation method
CN104737810A (en) * 2015-03-21 2015-07-01 邬金梅 Pleurotus eryngii cultivation method
CN104737813A (en) * 2015-03-22 2015-07-01 邬金飞 Agrocybe cylindracea cultivation method
CN104782400A (en) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-22 邬金飞 Cultivation method for pleurotus cornucopiae
CN104782401A (en) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-22 邬金飞 Cultivation method for pleurotus cornucopiae

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