CN103641564B - Method for manufacturing agrocybe aegerita culture material from sunflower byproducts - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing agrocybe aegerita culture material from sunflower byproducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641564B CN103641564B CN201310651030.4A CN201310651030A CN103641564B CN 103641564 B CN103641564 B CN 103641564B CN 201310651030 A CN201310651030 A CN 201310651030A CN 103641564 B CN103641564 B CN 103641564B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an agrocybe aegerita culture material which is characterized in that sunflower byproducts, including sunflower heads, sunflower straws, sunflower seed husks and sunflower seed cakes, are used as main raw materials; broadleaf miscellaneous tree cuttings, rice bran, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials; and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. The method has the following advantages: the raw materials are proportioned reasonably to promote the physical behavior complementation and nutrient complementation of the culture material, so that the culture material has favorable air permeability and high water retention property, and the agrocybe aegerita hypha can grow vigorously; the culture material has the advantages of balanced nutrition, regular mushrooms and high yield, and the biological efficiency is up to 106.2-112.5%; and the method provides a solution for innocent treatment of sunflower heads, sunflower straws and sunflower seed husks, and finds out a new substrate for culturing agrocybe aegerita.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Sunflower Receptacle by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts to make agrocybe aegerita culture material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Tea tree mushroom has another name called Agrocybe aegerita (Brig) Sing, chaxingu mushroom, is a kind of rare edible fungus variety.The tender handle of tea tree mushroom lid is crisp, and the pure delicate fragrance of taste, includes 18 seed amino acids, can not synthesize comprising human body voluntarily or transform, and must absorb from food 8 kinds of necessary amino acid, and also containing other many active factor materials, there is good food, pharmaceutical use.
Tea tree mushroom is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, mushroom agriculture is all using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, and therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Sunflower Receptacle, composite family annual herb plant, has another name called sunflower, turns day lotus, originate in the west and south of North America, imports the history that China has more than 400 year into.As a kind of important oil resource, its output is only second to soybean in the world.Also comparatively extensive in China's Sunflower Receptacle cultivation, be mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, current cultivated area about 960,000 hm
2, sunflower seeds annual production is close to 2,000,000 t.
As Sunflower Receptacle big producing country, China has achieved the suitability for industrialized production of sunflower seed oil extraction to the utilization of Sunflower Receptacle.Sunflower Receptacle is except sunflower seeds is edible and except oil expression, the comprehensive utilization of its by product Receptaculum Helianthi (sloughing the sunflower plate of sunflower seeds), Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell (certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell) and sunflower seeds grouts also has large quantifier elimination, but utilization ratio is still very low so far.
Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi output is about as much as 50% of seed production, and China is annual about produces 1,000,000 t Receptaculum Helianthi, and current Application way has fermentation and biogas production, also field and fodder process three major types, but major part is still incinerated, and causes the significant wastage of resource; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell output is about as much as 35% of seed production, about has 700,000 t every year, these certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shells, and most of processing enterprise it can be used as waste to process, and both increases production cost, again contaminate environment; Sunflower Stalk is upright, and sturdy, biomass is high, and all the time, a large amount of Sunflower Stalk is burned all in the fields, and crop straw burning is serious environment pollution not only, brings potential safety hazard more can to traffic, civil aviaton etc.
According to surveying and determination: Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi powder contains crude protein 15.82%, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.10%-23.5%, nitrogen-free extract 42.10%, also containing calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%; Sunflower Stalk contains crude protein 4.9%, robust fibre 45.6%-54.04%, nitrogen-free extract 35.7%; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell contains crude protein 5.4%-5.5%, crude fat 1.6%, crude fibre 47.4%-51.1%, also containing trace elements such as zinc 0.045%, magnesium 0.23%, calcium 0.35%-0.44%, phosphorus 0.08%-0.10%; By product when sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefactions, its protein content reaches 38%-42%, Methionin 1.0%-1.2%, and methionine(Met) 0.6%-0.7%, nutritive value is higher.These components above, to grow carbon source, the nitrogenous source providing required for tea tree mushroom.
In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if the by product Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods cultivating tea tree mushrooms of sunflower seed shell, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of agrocybe aegerita culture material compatibility that is main raw material with Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell and sunflower seeds grouts
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of agrocybe aegerita culture material compatibility, there are following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 18%-24%, Sunflower Stalk bits 16%-20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 20%-30%, deciduous tree weed tree sawdust 20%, rice bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces: the fine platy particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Rice bran: be by product when essence grinds rice after rice hulling is 28%-43%, sugared 3%-8% containing protein 12%-18%, nitrogen-free extract in rice bran, in addition, and also rich in mineral substances nutrient substance, vitamin B group and vitamin-E etc. in rice bran.
Sunflower seeds grouts: a kind of byproduct obtained during sunflower seeds liquefaction.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Lime powder, terra alba: the potential of hydrogen regulating, stablize planting material, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, rice bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: Polypropylene bottle planting material being loaded 1100ml × 78mm, the heavy 720g-750g of dress wet feed, stamp and plant bacterium hole, planting aperture, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out autoclaving, first sterilizing 1h at 100 DEG C, then rises to 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cools to less than 25 DEG C after sterilizing.
After planting material access bacterial classification, culturing room's temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, and humid control is at 60%-75%, and through the cultivation of 24d-26d, mycelia covers with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, rice bran, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, terra alba with the by product-Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts, makes agrocybe aegerita culture material.Its advantage is: one is reasonable raw material proportioning, facilitate the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient, make bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity strong, tea tree mushroom mycelial growth is vigorous, planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, tea tree mushroom fruiting is neat, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 106.2%-112.5%; Two be not only Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell harmless treatment provide a terms of settlement, also for tea tree mushroom cultivation have found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, agrocybe aegerita culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 18%, Sunflower Stalk bits 16%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 30%, deciduous tree weed tree sawdust 20%, rice bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2 m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, rice bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: Polypropylene bottle planting material being loaded 1100ml × 78mm, the heavy 720g-750g of dress wet feed, stamp and plant bacterium hole, planting aperture, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out autoclaving, first sterilizing 1h at 100 DEG C, then rises to 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cools to less than 25 DEG C after sterilizing.
After planting material access bacterial classification, culturing room's temperature controls at 22 DEG C, and relative air humidity controls 65%, and through the cultivation of 26d, mycelia covers with bottle, namely enters management of producing mushroom.Utilize the cultivation cultivating tea tree mushroom of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 112.5%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, agrocybe aegerita culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 21%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 25%, deciduous tree weed tree sawdust 20%, rice bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the cultivation cultivating tea tree mushroom of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 110.3%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, agrocybe aegerita culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 24%, Sunflower Stalk bits 20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 20%, deciduous tree weed tree sawdust 20%, rice bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the cultivation cultivating tea tree mushroom of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 106.2%.
The tea tree mushroom biological efficiency of table different modes planting material
Unit (%)
Claims (7)
1. an agrocybe aegerita culture material, it is characterized in that containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 18%-24%, Sunflower Stalk bits 16%-20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 20%-30%, deciduous tree weed tree sawdust 20%, rice bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%; The making method of described planting material is:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, prewet with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba during first time turning, add whole deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, rice bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: Polypropylene bottle planting material being loaded 1100ml × 78mm, the heavy 720g-750g of dress wet feed, stamp and plant bacterium hole, planting aperture, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out autoclaving, first sterilizing 1h at 100 DEG C, then rises to 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cools to less than 25 DEG C after sterilizing.
2. a kind of agrocybe aegerita culture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Receptaculum Helianthi bits be slough sunflower seeds sunflower plate, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of agrocybe aegerita culture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Sunflower Stalk bits are Sunflower Receptacle stem stalks, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
4. a kind of agrocybe aegerita culture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces be Sunflower Receptacle sunflower seed shell, through drying the fine platy particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
5. a kind of agrocybe aegerita culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that by product when described sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefactions.
6. a kind of agrocybe aegerita culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that by product when described rice bran is essence stone roller rice after rice hulling.
7. a kind of agrocybe aegerita culture material according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that made planting material access bacterial classification, culture bottle is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 24d-26d, mycelia covers with material bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN104961550A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-10-07 | 王金生 | Method for manufacturing culture substrates for agrocybe cylindracea |
| CN106565324A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-04-19 | 安徽多多利农业科技有限公司 | Edible fungus cultivation matrix prepared by sunflower by-products |
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| US5427592A (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1995-06-27 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Intact seed-based delayed-released nutrient supplement for mushroom cultivation |
| US5503647A (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1996-04-02 | Campbell Soup Company | Mushroom casing spawn |
| CN103304287A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-09-18 | 广西巴马原生长寿食品有限公司 | Culture medium and cultivation method of agrocybe cylindracea |
| CN103314778A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-25 | 苏州市经纬农产品有限公司 | Cultivation method for agrocybe aegerila |
| CN103333022A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-02 | 邬金飞 | Cultivation material compatibility of medicines for agrocybe cylindracea and manufacture method of cultivation material |
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2013
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5503647A (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1996-04-02 | Campbell Soup Company | Mushroom casing spawn |
| US5427592A (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1995-06-27 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Intact seed-based delayed-released nutrient supplement for mushroom cultivation |
| CN103314778A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-25 | 苏州市经纬农产品有限公司 | Cultivation method for agrocybe aegerila |
| CN103304287A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-09-18 | 广西巴马原生长寿食品有限公司 | Culture medium and cultivation method of agrocybe cylindracea |
| CN103333022A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-02 | 邬金飞 | Cultivation material compatibility of medicines for agrocybe cylindracea and manufacture method of cultivation material |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 张宗舟,等.向日葵花盘栽培平菇初试.《食用菌》.1991,(第04期), * |
| 李柏春,等.葵花籽皮、玉米芯栽培平菇和凤尾菇技术.《中国食用菌》.1991,(第02期), * |
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