CN106242823A - A kind of planting material utilizing Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of planting material utilizing Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106242823A CN106242823A CN201610719715.1A CN201610719715A CN106242823A CN 106242823 A CN106242823 A CN 106242823A CN 201610719715 A CN201610719715 A CN 201610719715A CN 106242823 A CN106242823 A CN 106242823A
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- pleurotus eryngii
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of and utilizes Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce the planting material of yellow needle mushroom for part material, and it is mixed with cotton seed hull, corn cob, wheat bran, Gypsum Fibrosum by a certain percentage by Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran and nutrition adjuvant.Described nutrition adjuvant with Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran weight proportion is: Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran 1000 parts, analysis for soybean powder 5 10 parts, MAP 35 parts, potassium nitrate 12 parts, 0.2 0.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 36 parts of calcium chloride, 0.2 0.4 parts of ferrous sulfate.Described Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran is bacterium rod discarded after factorial praluction Pleurotus eryngii plucks a batch, standby after smashing and drying；Free of contamination corn cob, is ground into the granule of niblet size.The present invention utilizes factorial praluction Pleurotus eryngii to pluck the residue nutrition of bacterium rod after one batch of mushroom, by the ability that absorbs by force of yellow needle mushroom mycelia, makes Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran garbage efficiently be utilized, reduces cost of material and environmental pollution, increase economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fungus growing technique field, be specifically related to a kind of utilize Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing
Planting material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing golden yellow color, yield is high, rich in proteins and the aminoacid of needed by human, mineral and polysaccharide, taste
Road is delicious, is deeply favored by consumers in general, suitably eats raw and processed can.Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing is saprophytic fungus, at artificial culture bar
Under part, substrate to provide enough carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt and vitamin etc..Yellow needle mushroom conventional cultivation uses Semen Gossypii
Skin is major ingredient, and along with cotton culture area reduces, raw material is the deficientest, and price rises, and cultivation cost raises, under mushroom agriculture benefit
Fall, have impact on the production of yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio that planting almond abalone mushroom material is suitable for is 30-33:1, containing substantial amounts of cotton seed hull, Testa Tritici, bean cake and Semen Maydis powder
Deng nutrient substance, factory culture, for the consideration of economic benefit, only goes out one batch of mushroom, and mushroom bran carbon-nitrogen ratio reduces to 20-25:1, still
Containing a large amount of nutrition.Yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing is strong to decomposition, the absorbability of nutrition, and the suitableeest carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30-40:1, can be fully sharp
By the residual nitrogen source in Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran and part carbon source.But mushroom bran cultivating flammulina velutipes there is also, and carbon source is not enough, nutrition is unbalanced
Etc. problem, suitable extra-nutrition material can realize the high-yield culturing of yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing.
Summary of the invention
For the above state of the art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cultivation utilizing Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing
Training material also provides its preparation method, and the present invention can reduce the garbage dirt to environment produced by existing factory culture Pleurotus eryngii
Dye, is also with the nutrient substance Substitute For Partial cotton seed hull of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran, saves production cost, has a extensive future.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of planting material utilizing Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, it includes following components according to weight proportion: containing battalion
Support Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran 31-42 part of adjuvant, corn cob 25-33 part, cotton seed hull 20-30 part, wheat bran 10-15 part, quick lime 1
Part.
Preferably, described planting material includes following components according to weight proportion: the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant
37 parts, corn cob 30 parts, cotton seed hull 20 parts, 12 parts of wheat bran, quick lime 1 part.
The described Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant includes following components according to weight proportion: Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material
1000 parts, analysis for soybean powder 5-10 part, MAP 3-5 part, potassium nitrate 1-2 part, magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.5 part, calcium chloride 3-6 part, sulfur
The ferrous 0.2-0.4 part of acid.
Described Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material be use carbon-nitrogen ratio 30-33:1(w/w) planting almond abalone mushroom material (primary raw material be cotton
Seed peel, weed tree sawdust and corn cob etc.) pluck after one batch of mushroom without the bacterium rod that goes mouldy, prepared after smashing, naturally drying.
Described corn cob is the corn cob selecting fresh nothing to go mouldy, and is broken into the granule that particle diameter is 0.5-0.6cm after drying
Standby, it is possible to select the corn cob that the commercially available fresh nothing smashed is gone mouldy.
Preferably, the strain of described yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing is yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing miscellaneous 19.
The preparation method of the described planting material utilizing Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing comprises the following steps:
(1) it is crushed to particle diameter 0.5-0.6cm after corn cob dries, is 1:1.2-1.3(w/w according to material-water ratio), add water accumulation 24
Hour；
(2) the bacterium rod after Pleurotus eryngii being plucked a batch, stirring beating crusher is smashed, and naturally dries, obtains Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material；
(3) take analysis for soybean powder, MAP, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium chloride and ferrous sulfate in proportion, after dilute with water uniformly
It is sprayed onto on the described Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material of corresponding parts by weight, stirs, stand 30-60min, obtain assisting containing nutrition
The Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran of agent；
(4) by ready Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran, corn cob, cotton seed hull, wheat bran and quick lime containing nutrition adjuvant according to weight
Number carries out proportioning, and adjusting planting material water content is 62-68%(w/w), blender spice both described planting material, routinely just
Can carry out after method pack, sterilizing inoculating, sending out bacterium and management of producing mushroom etc..
The present invention compared with prior art has a following significant advantage:
(1) P elements is that edible fungi growth needs one of most element, and nutrition adjuvant supplements with MAP for P elements
Agent, can produce ammonium metaphosphate during heat sterilization, the organic acid contained in the ammonia simultaneously released and in mushroom bran, Metaphosphoric acid
Ammonium has slow releasing function, and can have additional nutrients reserve strength；
(2) adding the nutrient such as potassium nitrate, calcium chloride, can meet short-term and the long-term nutrition needs of growth, nutrition assists
Agent mixes with mushroom bran, is more beneficial for nutrient and plays a role；
(3) present invention can solve the garbage pollution to environment produced by existing factory culture Pleurotus eryngii, and utilizes mushroom bran
Nutrient substance Substitute For Partial cotton seed hull, save production cost, there are significant economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Planting material weight ratio formula:
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant: corn cob: cotton seed hull: Testa Tritici: quick lime is 42:25:20:12:1.
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant includes following components according to weight proportion: Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material 1000
Part, analysis for soybean powder 8 parts, MAP 4 parts, potassium nitrate 1.5 parts, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of calcium chloride, 0.2 part of ferrous sulfate.
Concrete preparation method is:
(1) it is crushed to particle diameter 0.5-0.6cm after corn cob dries, adds water by material-water ratio 1:1.2 and pile up 24 hours；
(2) the bacterium rod after Pleurotus eryngii being plucked a batch, stirring beating crusher is smashed, and naturally dries, obtains Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material；
(3) take the nutrition adjuvant such as analysis for soybean powder, MAP, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium chloride and ferrous sulfate in proportion, use
Uniformly it is sprayed onto on the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material of corresponding parts by weight after the water dilution of 50 times of nutrition adjuvant gross masses, stirring
Uniformly, bank up 30min, obtains the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutrition adjuvant；
(4) by ready Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran, corn cob, cotton seed hull, wheat bran and quick lime containing nutrition adjuvant according to weight
Number carries out proportioning, and adjusting planting material water content is 65%, blender spice both described planting material.
Embodiment 2
Yellow Enoki mushroom cultivation material weight ratio formula:
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant: corn cob: cotton seed hull: Testa Tritici: quick lime is 37:30:20:12:1.
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant includes following components according to weight proportion: Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material 1000
Part, analysis for soybean powder 5 parts, MAP 5 parts, potassium nitrate 1 part, 0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of calcium chloride, 0.4 part of ferrous sulfate.
Concrete preparation method is:
(1) it is crushed to particle diameter 0.5-0.6cm after corn cob dries, adds water by material-water ratio 1:1.3 and pile up 24 hours；
(2) the bacterium rod after Pleurotus eryngii being plucked a batch, stirring beating crusher is smashed, and naturally dries, obtains Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material；
(3) take the nutrition adjuvant such as analysis for soybean powder, MAP, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium chloride and ferrous sulfate in proportion, use
Uniformly it is sprayed onto on the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material of corresponding parts by weight after the water dilution of 10 times of nutrition adjuvant gross masses, stirring
Uniformly, bank up 60min, obtains the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutrition adjuvant；
(4) by ready Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran, corn cob, cotton seed hull, wheat bran and quick lime containing nutrition adjuvant according to weight
Number carries out proportioning, and adjusting water content is 65%, blender spice both described planting material.
Embodiment 3
Yellow Enoki mushroom cultivation material weight ratio formula:
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant: corn cob: cotton seed hull: Testa Tritici: quick lime is 31:28:30:10:1.
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant includes following components according to weight proportion: Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material 1000
Part, analysis for soybean powder 10 parts, MAP 3 parts, potassium nitrate 1 part, 0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of calcium chloride, 0.3 part of ferrous sulfate.
Concrete preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Yellow Enoki mushroom cultivation material weight ratio formula:
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant: corn cob: cotton seed hull: Testa Tritici: quick lime is 31:33:20:15:1.
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant includes following components according to weight proportion: Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material 1000
Part, analysis for soybean powder 5 parts, MAP 3 parts, potassium nitrate 2 parts, 0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of calcium chloride, 0.3 part of ferrous sulfate.
Concrete preparation method is with example 1.
Embodiment 5(compares)
Yellow Enoki mushroom cultivation material weight ratio formula:
Cotton seed hull: Testa Tritici: glucose: quick lime is 86:12:1:1, material-water ratio 1:1.3, spice.
Experiment in cultivation:
According to the mushroom bran Huang Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing plant formulation described in embodiment 1,2,3,4, with embodiment 5 as controlled trial.Use Huang
Color Varieties in Flammulina velutipes aura 19, as test material, carries out cultivating fruiting experiment in Pingshan County Meng Jiazhuan village booth.Use 17
× 33cm is pressure Polythene Bag, every packed 350g siccative, often process 200 bags, pack, sterilizing, inoculation routinely, after inoculation 1 week,
Often processing and select free of contamination 150 bags, divide 3 groups, often 50 bags of randomly dischargings of group carry out sending out a bacterium, the most every 5 days one time mycelial growth
Tachometric survey, adds up first batch and second batch of mushroom yield.
Result:
With cotton seed hull composition of raw materials (example 5) ratio, Huang Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing plant formulation of the present invention, mycelial growth rate, fruiting yield
All no significant differences, and production cost is significantly lower than comparison.As a example by the formula 2 that yield is the highest, every 100kg expects relatively example 5(pair
According to) reduce cost of material 107.1 yuan.
The impact (unit: mm/d) on mycelial growth rate of the table 1 different material formula
The impact (unit: g/ bag) of table 2 different material formula fruiting yield
Table 3 different material formulation cost structure (unit: unit/100kg material)
Note: mushroom bran is owing to marketing one's own products, and decreases cost of transportation, cost is 0；0.9 yuan/kg of corn cob, cotton seed hull 2.2
Unit/kg, 1.6 yuan/kg of Testa Tritici, 0.4 yuan/kg of quick lime, nutrition adjuvant is according to the highest 5 yuan of cost calculations.
Embodiment 6:
Yellow Enoki mushroom cultivation material weight ratio formula: the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant: corn cob: cotton seed hull: Testa Tritici: raw
Calx is 37:30:20:12:1.
The formula A Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant includes following components according to weight proportion: Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran is former
Expect 1000 parts, analysis for soybean powder 5 parts, MAP 4 parts, potassium nitrate 2 parts, 0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of calcium chloride, 0.3 part of ferrous sulfate.
The formula B Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant includes following components according to weight proportion: Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran is former
Expect 1000 parts, analysis for soybean powder 5 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate 0.3
Part.
Concrete operations are with example 1.Strain uses yellow needle mushroom miscellaneous 19.
Embodiment 7:
Planting material weight ratio formula:
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant: corn cob: cotton seed hull: Testa Tritici: quick lime is 37:30:20:12:1.
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant includes following components according to weight proportion: Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material 1000
Part, analysis for soybean powder 5 parts, MAP 4 parts, potassium nitrate 2 parts, 0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of calcium chloride, 0.3 part of ferrous sulfate.
Concrete operations are with example 1.Strain uses platinum needle mushroom F21.
Result:
During the yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran cultivation, nutrition adjuvant A (embodiment 6-A) relatively nutrition adjuvant B (embodiment
6-B) volume increase 23g/ bag, especially in the volume increase of regrowth hair mushroom substantially, illustrates that nutrition adjuvant A has higher battalion compared with nutrition adjuvant B
Support slow releasing function.Example 6 uses yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing miscellaneous 19 total output average 422g/ bag, and example 7 uses day gold 21 yield 371g/ bags,
Example 6 relatively example 7 increases production 51g/ bag, illustrates that yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing miscellaneous 19 is more suitable for mushroom bran cultivation.
Table 4 mushroom bran mushroom culture compares (unit: g/ bag)
。
The present invention solves garbage produced by existing factory culture Pleurotus eryngii and to the pollution of environment and utilizes mushroom bran
Nutrient substance reduces cotton seed hull consumption and saves production cost, has significant economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Claims (7)
1. utilize Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce a planting material for yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, it is characterized in that including following group according to weight proportion
Point: the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran 31-42 part containing nutritious adjuvant, corn cob 25-33 part, cotton seed hull 20-30 part, wheat bran 10-15 part,
Quick lime 1 part.
Utilize Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce the planting material of yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that it is according to weight
Proportioning includes following components: the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant 37 parts, corn cob 30 parts, cotton seed hull 20 parts, wheat bran 12
Part, quick lime 1 part.
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran is utilized to produce the planting material of yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing the most as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: described
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran containing nutritious adjuvant includes following components according to weight proportion: Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material 1000 parts, Semen Glycines
Powder 5-10 part, MAP 3-5 part, potassium nitrate 1-2 part, magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.5 part, calcium chloride 3-6 part, ferrous sulfate 0.2-
0.4 part.
Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran is utilized to produce the planting material of yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: described Fructus Pruni Bao
Mushroom bran raw material is to use carbon-nitrogen ratio 30-33:1(w/w) planting almond abalone mushroom material pluck after one batch without the bacterium rod that goes mouldy, economy-combat
Broken, naturally dry after prepare.
A kind of planting material utilizing Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, it is characterised in that:
Described corn cob is the corn cob selecting fresh nothing to go mouldy, and is broken into the granule that particle diameter is 0.5-0.6cm standby after drying.
A kind of planting material utilizing Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran to produce yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, it is characterised in that:
The strain of described yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing is: yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing miscellaneous 19.
7. the preparation method of the planting material utilizing the yellow Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran production described in claim 3, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps:
(1) particle diameter 0.5-0.6cm it is crushed to after corn cob dries, by material-water ratio 1:1.2-1.3(w/w) add water accumulation 24 hours；
(2) the bacterium rod after Pleurotus eryngii being plucked a batch, stirring beating crusher is smashed, and naturally dries, obtains Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material；
(3) take analysis for soybean powder, MAP, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium chloride and ferrous sulfate in proportion, after dilute with water uniformly
It is sprayed onto on the described Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran raw material of corresponding parts by weight, stirs, stand 30-60min, obtain assisting containing nutrition
The Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran of agent；
(4) by ready Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran, corn cob, cotton seed hull, wheat bran and quick lime containing nutrition adjuvant according to weight
Number carries out proportioning, and adjustment water content is 62-68%(w/w), blender spice both described planting material.
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| CN201610719715.1A CN106242823B (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | A kind of culture material and preparation method thereof producing yellow needle mushroom using Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107721689A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-02-23 | 龚贤飞 | A kind of liquid fertilizer |
| CN108887087A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-27 | 贵州健丰农业发展有限公司 | It is a kind of to utilize needle mushroom bacteria stick and preparation method made of obsolete fungus stick |
| CN109220552A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-18 | 四川岚晟生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation of glossy ganoderma matrix and preparation method, ganoderma lucidum cultivation method based on walnut shell |
| CN115868365A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-31 | 云南农业大学 | Substrate and method for planting yellow flammulina velutipes by transferring pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residues |
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| CN101889522A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2010-11-24 | 四川农业大学 | Method for planting pleurotus ostreatus by using shitake mushroom dregs |
| CN103030468A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-04-10 | 北京农业生物技术研究中心 | Oyster mushroom culture medium and oyster mushroom culture method using same |
| CN103539522A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-29 | 合肥市天丰菌业科技有限公司 | Needle mushroom cultivation material using mushroom bran as raw material as well as preparation method of needle mushroom cultivation material |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101889522A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2010-11-24 | 四川农业大学 | Method for planting pleurotus ostreatus by using shitake mushroom dregs |
| CN103030468A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-04-10 | 北京农业生物技术研究中心 | Oyster mushroom culture medium and oyster mushroom culture method using same |
| CN103539522A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-29 | 合肥市天丰菌业科技有限公司 | Needle mushroom cultivation material using mushroom bran as raw material as well as preparation method of needle mushroom cultivation material |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107721689A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-02-23 | 龚贤飞 | A kind of liquid fertilizer |
| CN108887087A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-27 | 贵州健丰农业发展有限公司 | It is a kind of to utilize needle mushroom bacteria stick and preparation method made of obsolete fungus stick |
| CN109220552A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-18 | 四川岚晟生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation of glossy ganoderma matrix and preparation method, ganoderma lucidum cultivation method based on walnut shell |
| CN115868365A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-31 | 云南农业大学 | Substrate and method for planting yellow flammulina velutipes by transferring pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residues |
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