CN104381015A - Method for producing mushrooms by utilizing sisal hemp waste residues - Google Patents
Method for producing mushrooms by utilizing sisal hemp waste residues Download PDFInfo
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- CN104381015A CN104381015A CN201410590980.5A CN201410590980A CN104381015A CN 104381015 A CN104381015 A CN 104381015A CN 201410590980 A CN201410590980 A CN 201410590980A CN 104381015 A CN104381015 A CN 104381015A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing mushrooms by utilizing sisal hemp waste residues. A mushroom cultivation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of sisal hemp waste residues, 30-40 parts of Chinese weeping cypress leaves and 10-20 parts of mulberry stem powder. The method comprises the following steps of carrying out high-temperature fermentation on the mushroom cultivation material in advance, crushing the sisal hemp waste residues, adding lime and strains, spraying after uniform mixing, covering a film to ferment for 3-5 days, carrying out pile turning, scattering sugarcane ends and lotus seed hulls into the cultivation material, mixing uniformly, stacking, covering the film for 2-3 days, carrying out pile turning for 2-3 times in such a way, mixing uniformly, heating to 70-80 DEG C, sterilizing for 15 hours, cooling to room temperature and inoculating the strains for 8-10 days to emerge the mushrooms. The method adopts the sisal hemp waste residues as the mushroom cultivation material, so that the energy consumption in mushroom production can be reduced, the spawn running time after mushroom inoculation is shortened, the mushroom yield is improved and the cultivation cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fungus growing technique, relate to a kind of method utilizing strain fermentation sisal dregs to produce mushroom.
Background technology
Mushroom (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) sing) has another name called mushroom, fragrant letter, fragrant wild rice, vertebra young pilose antler, belongs to Basidiomycetes Agaricales Pleurotaceae Lentinus.The artificial cultivation of mushroom has the history of more than 800 year in China, mushroom culture is all used " cutting colored method " for a long time, is a kind of segment wood cultivated method of inoculation naturally.Just start to cultivate pure culture up to the mid-1960s, use the segment wood cultivated method of artificial infection instead.There is generation material briquetting cultivation in the mid-1970s, after develop into again plastic bag cultivation method, output significantly increases.China has been the first big country of Lentnus edodes in the world at present.Mushroom is famous food medicine dual-purpose bacterium, and its aromatic flavour is nutritious, containing 18 seed amino acids, 7 kinds by human body required.Contained ergosterol, can change vitamin D into, has the effect strengthening human body anti-disease and preventing cold; Lentinan has antitumor action; Adenine and choline can prevent cirrhosis and vascular sclerosis; Tyrosinase related protein2 has the effect reduced blood pressure; Double stranded RNA can produce by inducing interferon, has antivirus action.Among the peoplely mushroom is used for removing toxic substances, beneficial stomach Qi and control wind and break blood.Mushroom is one of traditional outlet special product product of China, and its primes is flower mushroom.
1, biological property
1. morphological feature
mushroom mycelium white, fine hair shape, tool tabula and branch, many clamp connections, after ripe, kink reticulates, aging rear formation brown mycoderm.Fruit body is medium large to slightly large.Bacteria cover diameter 5 ~ 12 centimetres, flat hemispherical, edge is involute, gradually open and flat after maturation, and dark brown, to dark cinnamon, has dark scale.Bacterial context is thick, white.Lamella white, close, curved life, Length discrepancy.Raw in stem extremely wilfully white, interior reality often bends, long 3 ~ 8 centimetres, thick 0.5 ~ 1.5 centimetre; Middle part raw collarium, narrow, easily brokenly to disappear; Fibrous white flakes is had below ring.Spore is oval, colourless, smooth.
2. living condition (1) nutrition mushroom is the raw bacterium of wood, using cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectic substance, starch etc. as the carbon source of growing, but will be decomposed into after monose through corresponding enzyme and just can absorb.Mushroom is using multiple organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen as nitrogenous source, and micromolecular amino acid, urea, ammonium etc. can directly absorb, and macromolecular protein, peptone absorb after just need degrading.Mushroom mycelium growth also needs multiple mineral element, the most important with phosphorus, potassium, magnesium.Mushroom also needs growth hormone, comprises multivitamin, nucleic acid and hormone, and these most energy are self-indulged, only have vitamin B1 to supplement.(2) temperature mushroom mycelium growth optimum temperature be 23 ~ 25 DEG C, lower than 10 DEG C or higher than 30 DEG C then hinder its growth.The preference temperature of fruit-body formation is 10 ~ 20 DEG C, and requires the day and night temperature being greater than 10 DEG C.The mushroom kind used in current production has high temperature modification, middle warm type, low form three kinds of temperature Type, and its fruiting thermophilic high temperature modification is 15 ~ 25 DEG C, and middle warm type is 7 ~ 20 DEG C, and low form is 5 ~ 15 DEG C.(3) moisture needed for moisture mushroom comprises two aspects, and one is the water content in medium, and two is air humiditys, and its Sq is distinguished from the different of segment wood cultivated mode to some extent because of substituting stuff cultivation.1. substituting stuff cultivation.Long mycelia stage Compost moisture content is 55% ~ 60%, and relative air humidity is 60% ~ 70%; Fruiting stage Compost moisture content is 40% ~ 68%, relative air humidity 85% ~ 90%.2. segment wood cultivated.Long mycelia stage Compost moisture content is 45% ~ 50%, and relative air humidity is 60% ~ 70%; Fruiting stage Compost moisture content is 50% ~ 60%, relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%.(4) air mushroom is aerobic mushroom.In mushroom growth environment, due to poor aeration, carbon dioxide buildup is too much, oxygen is not enough, and mycelial growth and fruit body development all can be subject to obvious suppression, and this just accelerates the aging of mycelia, and fruit body easily produces deformity, is also conducive to growing of miscellaneous bacteria.Ozone is the necessary condition ensureing that mushroom normal growth is grown.(5) growth of illumination mushroom mycelium does not need light, and under the condition of complete darkness, mycelial growth is good, and high light can suppress mycelial growth.The sporophore growth stage wants scattered light, and light is too weak, and fruiting is few, piece little, and handle is elongated, quality time, but direct light is harmful to mushroom fruiting body again.(6) acid-base value mushroom mycelium grows and requires slightly acidic environment, and the pH value of composts or fertilisers of cultivating can grow 3 ~ 7, with 5 optimums, slow or stop growing more than 7.5 growing pullets.The generation of fruit body, the optimum pH of growth are 3.5 ~ 4.5.The normal pH value by planting material is transferred to about 6.5 aborning.High-temperature sterilization can make the pH value of material decline 0.3 ~ 0.5, and the organic acid produced in mycelial growth also can make the acid-base value of planting material decline.
Mushroom is nutritious, delicious flavour, and the resistance of mushroom and adaptability are all very strong, and available culturing raw material widely, can the raw material of mushroom culture and method also get more and more at present.
As Chinese patent: raw cottonseed shell for mushroom culture, Application Number (patent): the CN85101598 applying date: 1985.04.01
Application publication number: the CN85101598A open day for announcing: 1986.09.17 Main classification number: A01G1/04 classification number: A01G1/04; C05F11/08 holder of the application: Institute of Microbiology, Hebei Prov. Academy of Sciences invention designer: Li Yuyue; Wang Lin; Li Jun, summary: artificial cultivation mushroom used the wood chip of high-temperature high-voltage sterilizing sterilizing in the past.Feature is: (one) have selected the bacterial classification (bacterial strain L-01, L-02) of applicable raw cottonseed shell cultivation.(2) technology effectively preventing living contaminants is proposed.(3) replace grog with raw material, energy-conservationly to simplify again, cultivation success rate reaches more than 80%.(4) cultivation management technology of applicable rural condition is solved.Be a new biological development technique turned waste into wealth, have raw material resources and enrich, production technology is easy, invests little, the advantages such as cost is low, instant effect, is suitable for township enterprise's factorial praluction and the cultivation of family of specialist.
Chinese patent: mushroom cultivation, Application Number (patent): the CN02153709.7 applying date: 2002.12.02 application publication number: the CN1504073A open day for announcing: 2004.06.16 Main classification number: A01G1/04 classification number: A01G1/04 holder of the application: Wang Wen tawny daylily invention designer: Wang Wenxuan, summary: a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, choosing peanut shell raw material is medium, carries out artificial cultivation.Concrete technology step is: first dried by peanut shell raw material, pulverizes, and crosses 60 mesh sieves, through sterilization treatment; Choose the mushroom strain being suitable for cultivating to inoculate; With the pocket type cultivation method of routine, temperature control is cultivated, and temperature controls to be trained mushroom finished product at 15-20 DEG C, 7-15 days.Advantage is: raw material resources are enriched, and production technology is simple, and early, growing way is fast for fruiting, and anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability is strong, and output is high.
Chinese patent: the method for cultivating Xianggu mushroom by crude materials, Application Number (patent): the CN87104362 applying date: 1987.06.20
Application publication number: the CN87104362A open day for announcing: 1988.03.30 Main classification number: A01G1/04 classification number: A01G1/04 holder of the application: Van der Waals invention designer: Van der Waals, summary: the method for cultivating Xianggu mushroom by crude materials belongs to fungus growing technique field.It directly sows the cultivated species of 20% ~ 80% in sawdust materials, makes mushroom spawn, cultivates in culturing room, through sending out the stages such as bacterium, annesl, reproduction, fruiting, just cultivating and producing qualified mushroom.Adopt and cultivate mushroom in this way, saving of labor, material-saving, sawdust materials used does not also need autoclaving.Method is simple and feasible, can save production cost about 70%, has good economic benefit.
Chinese patent: cultivation method of mushroom, Application Number (patent): the CN90109488.9 applying date: 1990.11.22 application publication number: the CN1050966A open day for announcing: 1991.05.01 Main classification number: A01G1/04 classification number: A01G1/04 holder of the application: Science Technology Association of Hanzhong District, Shanxi Prov. invention designer: Qi Gaoji, summary: cultivation method of mushroom, it is that the cultivated species of sowing 15 ~ 20% in the sawdust materials directly more than 80% makes mushroom spawn, through cultivating fruiting.Scientific disposal has been made at culture technique, preparation raw material, modulator and management aspect.Therefore, applied widely to the selection of raw material, culture environment in cultivation management.The method is also applicable to that autumn rain is many, air humidity is large, tan by the sun the inconvenient environment of material, is convenient to factorial praluction.Employing the method is simple to operate, and suitable cultivation scope is wide, labor and material saving, yield rate are high, often produces one square chi and saves cost about 50% than known technology, remarkable in economical benefits.
And for example periodical: autograph: poplar wood processing waste substitutes the research of hardwood crumbs mushroom culture, author: Zheng Guangyao; Mao Kehong; Bao Caiying; Chen Qiao young tiger; Source: " Agriculture of Anhui science " the 32nd phase summary in 2012: [object] substitutes hardwood crumbs with willow wood chip and willow scurf and carry out cultivating champignon test as major ingredient, for the comprehensive utilization of poplar wood processing waste provides foundation.[method] studies the impact of different formulations on mattress bag survival rate, mycelial growth, fresh mushroom production.[result] substitutes hardwood crumbs mushroom culture completely with willow wood chip or willow scurf, and the growth of mattress silk is comparatively slow, and mushroom production is low; With the mixture to cultivate mushroom of 50% willow scurf and 50% hardwood crumbs, mycelial growth is very fast, and mushroom production is close to the conventional formulation of hardwood crumbs.[conclusion] utilizes poplar bark to substitute hardwood crumbs mushroom culture as part of main material is feasible.
Periodical: autograph: the test of compression corn stalk pellets Substitute For Partial sawdust mushroom cultivation, author: Sun Limei; Chai Linshan; Li Li; Yu Guangfeng; Ji Baoying; Wang Hongqi; Source: " edible mushroom " the 6th phase summary in 2012: test with the compression corn stalk pellets Substitute For Partial sawdust mushroom cultivation of different ratio, by mycelium length, growing way, the purseful time, fresh mushroom production, mushroom shape mushroom matter and the single mushroom index observing such as heavily, selects best stalk to substitute amount.The every data of complex experiment add 30% compression maize straw, and to substitute wood chip effect in conventional formulation best.
Above patent and each periodical mushroom cultivation respectively have advantage, be all that mushroom culture provides diverse ways and culture matrix, but culture matrix does not all add zymophyte help fermenting raw materials, can not accelerate raw material and become thoroughly decomposed, biological efficiency is low, and mushroom quality is not good and output is lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above problem, utilize strain fermentation sisal hemp waste residue as mushroom matrix, the quantity of the matrix that has additional nutrients megathermal period microorganism, accelerate the rapid conversion of difficult degradation raw material organic substance, promotion organic matter degradation, raising megathermal period temperature, prolongation megathermal period quickening raw material are become thoroughly decomposed, improve raw material biological efficiency, mushroom abundant nutrition material is provided.The present invention utilizes strain fermentation sisal hemp waste residue to produce the method for mushroom, accelerates raw material and becomes thoroughly decomposed, and promotes that biological efficiency transforms, improves the output of mushroom quality and mushroom.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Utilize sisal hemp waste residue to produce a method for mushroom, Mushroom cultivation material comprises the raw material of following parts by weight: sisal hemp waste residue 80-100; Chinese weeping cypress leaf 30-40; Mulberry bar powder 10-20; Described Mushroom cultivation material needs to carry out hot fermentation in advance, first that sisal hemp waste residue is dry, adds and accounts for total lime of composts or fertilisers of cultivating consumption 3 ~ 5% and the bacterial classification of 3 ~ 5%, fully trickle after mixing, water content 65-70%, and pH value is 5-6, covers film, fermentation 3-5 days; By the planting material turning after fermentation, then sugarcane end pin and lotus seed shell are sprinkled in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mix thoroughly, recurrence heap, overlay film fermentation 2-3 days, after so carrying out turning 2-3 time, mix thoroughly, be warmed up to 70-80 DEG C, keep sterilizing in 15 hours, be cooled to 20-28 DEG C.
Its production method is as follows:
(1) planting material pack sterilizing: with high density low-pressure polyethylene cultivation bag, specification is 14c m ~ 16c m × 52 ~ 56c m × 0.04 ~ 0.06 c m, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating loaded in bag wants degree of tightness appropriateness, uniformity, and after installing material, sack rope ties, adopt normal-pressure sterilization, when stove or kettle temperature reach 100 DEG C, keep constant temperature 12 ~ 16 h, cease fire, open stove after utilizing the vexed 6-8 h of waste heat to take the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 23.5 ~ 28.5 DEG C and move to transfer room inoculation;
(2) send out bacterium to cultivate: postvaccinal bacterium bag is transported in the culturing room of having sterilized in time, and between bacterium bag, temperature controls at 16 ~ 24 DEG C, and culturing room should add forced ventilation, keep air fresh, relative air humidity controls 80% ~ 90%, and shading is cultivated;
(3) annesl management: take off bag when mycelia reaches physiological ripening, temperature during de-bag controls at 15 ~ 25 DEG C, before de-bag, first fruiting greenhouse floor is made the furrow that 30 ~ 40 centimetres dark, 100 centimetres wide, spread one deck boiler ash sediment or sand at the bottom of furrow, the bacterium bag that will take off bag annesl is transported in greenhouse, scratches bacterium bag with blade, take off plastic sack, cylindricality bacterium block is come in furrow by the spacing of 5 ~ 8 centimetres is vertical;
(4) management of producing mushroom: move into mushroom room row's bag after mycelia purseful in time, single wall-pile or tier rack type discharge on the ground, light scattering, add forced ventilation, strengthen day and night temperature, to mushroom canopy ground and wall water spray, keep relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%, temperature remains on 10 ~ 20 DEG C, the suitableeest fruiting temperature l 4 ~ 18 DEG C;
(5) mushroom is adopted: when mushroom lid launches 70-80%, the edge of mushroom lid is still involute, gathers when the interior mycoderm under lamella just breaks soon, bacterial spawn should be buttressed on the other hand when gathering, proficiency thumb and forefinger hold mushroom handle, and left rotation and right rotation makes the handle base of a fruit and matrix depart from, and then carry out point grade packaged.
Described bacterial classification is the combination bacterial classification of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, cultivating process needs to carry out high temperature acclimation, high temperature acclimation be by buy from microorganism center or market cellulose-decomposing bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, add domestic birds and animals ight soil, rubbish mud, ferrous sulfate and straw, its weight proportion is 10:10:10:10:10:1:20, ferment to 50-70 DEG C and become thoroughly decomposed completely, the fermentation mud obtained is as bacterial classification.
Described Chinese weeping cypress leaf is the Chinese weeping cypress leaf of fresh harvesting without solarization dry treatment, obtains after pulverizing.Chinese weeping cypress leaf is the branches and leaves of Cupressaceae plant cypress.The whole year can adopt, and clip branches and leaves, dry in the shade.Branches and leaves are dendroid.The tiny scale shape of leaf, the sharp point of tip, tight adhesion is on sprig, but on larger branch, blade tip is not close to and is formed thorn-like and give prominence to; Blade face yellow green or celadon; Sprig sepia.Matter is crisp, easily broken.Gas is light, puckery.[nature and flavor] 1. " classify herbal ": " pained." 2. " Chongqing herbal medicine ": " bitter is pungent, warm in nature, nontoxic." [function cures mainly] controls haematemesis, bloody flux, hemorrhoid, scalds.1. " classify herbal ": " and blood.Control intestines wind hemorrhoid to swell, dysentery, spit blood; Hold concurrently and be coated with children's's tinea favosa." 2. " Chongqing herbal medicine ": " hemostasia and promoting granulation, controls knife wound." 3. " register planted by Guangxi medicine ": " controls hemoptysis, heart pain, Jinsuo disease." simultaneously, Chinese weeping cypress leaf contains abundant vegetable protein various nutrient elements, is the mushroom that raw material is cultivated out, has higher nutritive value with Chinese weeping cypress leaf, and with low cost.
Described mulberry bar powder is that the ramulus mori bar got back from mulberry field is made through section, pulverizing.Ramulus mori is rich in the distinctive natural alkaloid of mulberry tree, mulberry mushroom cellulose, mulberry mushroom polysaccharide (sucrose, fructose, stachyose, glucose, maltose, raffinose, wood sugar), polyphenol and Phellinus ketone (Sang Su, mulberrochromene, cyclomulberrin, cyclomulberrochromene.Timber is containing morin, cudranin, morindone, tetrahydroxystilbene, dihydromorin, Dihydrokaempferol).Ramulus mori and other broad leaved forest ratio, residue of pesticide are lower.Mulberry bar branch, as traditional Chinese medicine material, has lively atmosphere blood, and stimulate the menstrual flow network, wines used as antirheumatic, the effect in sharp joint; Containing the abundant nutrient such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, the mushroom cultivating out for raw material with mulberry bar, has higher nutritive value.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention utilizes high temperature bacterium to ferment sisal hemp waste residue as mushroom matrix, the quantity of the matrix that has additional nutrients megathermal period microorganism, accelerate the rapid conversion of difficult degradation raw material organic substance, promotion organic matter degradation, raising megathermal period temperature, prolongation megathermal period quickening raw material are become thoroughly decomposed, improve raw material biological efficiency, there is provided mushroom abundant nutrition material, the quality of improving product and raising mushroom production, add economic benefit;
2, the present invention utilizes sisal hemp waste residue to produce the method for mushroom, adds sisal hemp waste residue in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, can improve mushroom production and reduce cultivation cost;
3, the present invention utilizes sisal hemp waste residue to produce the method for mushroom, add the ramulus mori bar got back from mulberry field and make mulberry bar powder through section, pulverizing, mulberry bar branch is as traditional Chinese medicine material, have lively atmosphere blood, stimulate the menstrual flow network, wines used as antirheumatic, the effect in profit joint, containing the abundant nutrient such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, the mushroom cultivating out for raw material with mulberry bar, has higher nutritive value;
4, the present invention utilizes sisal hemp waste residue to produce the method for mushroom, and add Chinese weeping cypress leaf, Chinese weeping cypress leaf contains abundant vegetable protein various nutrient elements, is the mushroom that raw material is cultivated out, has higher nutritive value with Chinese weeping cypress leaf, and with low cost;
5, the present invention utilizes sisal hemp waste residue to produce the method for mushroom, and the main sisal hemp waste residue that adopts, as the planting material of mushroom, can reduce the energy consumption in Lentnus edodes, shorten postvaccinal the bacterium time of mushroom, and the mushroom fruiting body of production is piece large, and output is high.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Planting material is fermented:
First 80 kilograms of sisal hemp waste residues are dry, add the bacterial classification of 4 kilograms of lime and 4 kilograms, fully trickle after mixing, water content 65-70%, pH value is 5-6, covers film, fermentation 3-5 days; By the planting material turning after fermentation, then 30 kilograms of Chinese weeping cypress leafs and 10 kilograms of mulberry bar powder are sprinkled in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mix thoroughly, recurrence heap, overlay film fermentation 2-3 days, after so carrying out turning 2-3 time, mix thoroughly, be warmed up to 70-80 DEG C, keep sterilizing in 15 hours, be cooled to 20-28 DEG C.
Above-mentioned bacterial classification is the combination bacterial classification of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, cultivating process needs to carry out high temperature acclimation, high temperature acclimation be by buy from microorganism center or market cellulose-decomposing bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, add domestic birds and animals ight soil, rubbish mud, ferrous sulfate and straw, its weight proportion is 10:10:10:10:10:1:20, ferment to 50-70 DEG C and become thoroughly decomposed completely, the fermentation mud obtained is as bacterial classification.
Above-mentioned Chinese weeping cypress leaf is the Chinese weeping cypress leaf of fresh harvesting without solarization dry treatment, obtains after pulverizing; Above-mentioned mulberry bar powder is that the ramulus mori bar got back from mulberry field is made through section, pulverizing.
The method of producing mushroom is as follows:
(1) planting material pack sterilizing: with high density low-pressure polyethylene cultivation bag, specification is 14c m ~ 16c m × 52 ~ 56c m × 0.04 ~ 0.06 c m, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating loaded in bag wants degree of tightness appropriateness, uniformity, and after installing material, sack rope ties, adopt normal-pressure sterilization, when stove or kettle temperature reach 100 DEG C, keep constant temperature 12 ~ 16 h, cease fire, open stove after utilizing the vexed 6-8 h of waste heat to take the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 23.5 ~ 28.5 DEG C and move to transfer room inoculation;
(2) send out bacterium to cultivate: postvaccinal bacterium bag is transported in the culturing room of having sterilized in time, and between bacterium bag, temperature controls at 16 ~ 24 DEG C, and culturing room should add forced ventilation, keep air fresh, relative air humidity controls 80% ~ 90%, and shading is cultivated;
(3) annesl management: take off bag when mycelia reaches physiological ripening, temperature during de-bag controls at 15 ~ 25 DEG C, before de-bag, first fruiting greenhouse floor is made the furrow that 30 ~ 40 centimetres dark, 100 centimetres wide, spread one deck boiler ash sediment or sand at the bottom of furrow, the bacterium bag that will take off bag annesl is transported in greenhouse, scratches bacterium bag with blade, take off plastic sack, cylindricality bacterium block is come in furrow by the spacing of 5 ~ 8 centimetres is vertical;
(4) management of producing mushroom: move into mushroom room row's bag after mycelia purseful in time, single wall-pile or tier rack type discharge on the ground, light scattering, add forced ventilation, strengthen day and night temperature, to mushroom canopy ground and wall water spray, keep relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%, temperature remains on 10 ~ 20 DEG C, the suitableeest fruiting temperature l 4 ~ 18 DEG C;
(5) mushroom is adopted: when mushroom lid launches 70-80%, the edge of mushroom lid is still involute, gathers when the interior mycoderm under lamella just breaks soon, bacterial spawn should be buttressed on the other hand when gathering, proficiency thumb and forefinger hold mushroom handle, and left rotation and right rotation makes the handle base of a fruit and matrix depart from, and then carry out point grade packaged.
Embodiment 2:
Planting material is fermented:
First 90 kilograms of sisal hemp waste residues are dry, add the bacterial classification of 5 kilograms of lime and 5 kilograms, fully trickle after mixing, water content 65-70%, pH value is 5-6, covers film, fermentation 3-5 days; By the planting material turning after fermentation, then 35 kilograms of Chinese weeping cypress leafs and 15 kilograms of mulberry bar powder are sprinkled in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mix thoroughly, recurrence heap, overlay film fermentation 2-3 days, after so carrying out turning 2-3 time, mix thoroughly, be warmed up to 70-80 DEG C, keep sterilizing in 15 hours, be cooled to 20-28 DEG C.
Above-mentioned bacterial classification is the combination bacterial classification of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, cultivating process needs to carry out high temperature acclimation, high temperature acclimation be by buy from microorganism center or market cellulose-decomposing bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, add domestic birds and animals ight soil, rubbish mud, ferrous sulfate and straw, its weight proportion is 10:10:10:10:10:1:20, ferment to 50-70 DEG C and become thoroughly decomposed completely, the fermentation mud obtained is as bacterial classification.
Above-mentioned Chinese weeping cypress leaf is the Chinese weeping cypress leaf of fresh harvesting without solarization dry treatment, obtains after pulverizing; Above-mentioned mulberry bar powder is that the ramulus mori bar got back from mulberry field is made through section, pulverizing.
The method of producing mushroom is as follows:
(1) planting material pack sterilizing: with high density low-pressure polyethylene cultivation bag, specification is 14c m ~ 16c m × 52 ~ 56c m × 0.04 ~ 0.06 c m, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating loaded in bag wants degree of tightness appropriateness, uniformity, and after installing material, sack rope ties, adopt normal-pressure sterilization, when stove or kettle temperature reach 100 DEG C, keep constant temperature 12 ~ 16 h, cease fire, open stove after utilizing the vexed 6-8 h of waste heat to take the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 23.5 ~ 28.5 DEG C and move to transfer room inoculation;
(2) send out bacterium to cultivate: postvaccinal bacterium bag is transported in the culturing room of having sterilized in time, and between bacterium bag, temperature controls at 16 ~ 24 DEG C, and culturing room should add forced ventilation, keep air fresh, relative air humidity controls 80% ~ 90%, and shading is cultivated;
(3) annesl management: take off bag when mycelia reaches physiological ripening, temperature during de-bag controls at 15 ~ 25 DEG C, before de-bag, first fruiting greenhouse floor is made the furrow that 30 ~ 40 centimetres dark, 100 centimetres wide, spread one deck boiler ash sediment or sand at the bottom of furrow, the bacterium bag that will take off bag annesl is transported in greenhouse, scratches bacterium bag with blade, take off plastic sack, cylindricality bacterium block is come in furrow by the spacing of 5 ~ 8 centimetres is vertical;
(4) management of producing mushroom: move into mushroom room row's bag after mycelia purseful in time, single wall-pile or tier rack type discharge on the ground, light scattering, add forced ventilation, strengthen day and night temperature, to mushroom canopy ground and wall water spray, keep relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%, temperature remains on 10 ~ 20 DEG C, the suitableeest fruiting temperature l 4 ~ 18 DEG C;
(5) mushroom is adopted: when mushroom lid launches 70-80%, the edge of mushroom lid is still involute, gathers when the interior mycoderm under lamella just breaks soon, bacterial spawn should be buttressed on the other hand when gathering, proficiency thumb and forefinger hold mushroom handle, and left rotation and right rotation makes the handle base of a fruit and matrix depart from, and then carry out point grade packaged.
Embodiment 3:
Planting material is fermented:
First 100 kilograms of sisal hemp waste residues are dry, add the bacterial classification of 7 kilograms of lime and 7 kilograms, fully trickle after mixing, water content 65-70%, pH value is 5-6, covers film, fermentation 3-5 days; By the planting material turning after fermentation, then 40 kilograms of Chinese weeping cypress leafs and 20 kilograms of mulberry bar powder are sprinkled in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mix thoroughly, recurrence heap, overlay film fermentation 2-3 days, after so carrying out turning 2-3 time, mix thoroughly, be warmed up to 70-80 DEG C, keep sterilizing in 15 hours, be cooled to 20-28 DEG C.
Above-mentioned bacterial classification is the combination bacterial classification of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, cultivating process needs to carry out high temperature acclimation, high temperature acclimation be by buy from microorganism center or market cellulose-decomposing bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, add domestic birds and animals ight soil, rubbish mud, ferrous sulfate and straw, its weight proportion is 10:10:10:10:10:1:20, ferment to 50-70 DEG C and become thoroughly decomposed completely, the fermentation mud obtained is as bacterial classification.
Above-mentioned Chinese weeping cypress leaf is the Chinese weeping cypress leaf of fresh harvesting without solarization dry treatment, obtains after pulverizing; Above-mentioned mulberry bar powder is that the ramulus mori bar got back from mulberry field is made through section, pulverizing.
The method of producing mushroom is as follows:
(1) planting material pack sterilizing: with high density low-pressure polyethylene cultivation bag, specification is 14c m ~ 16c m × 52 ~ 56c m × 0.04 ~ 0.06 c m, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating loaded in bag wants degree of tightness appropriateness, uniformity, and after installing material, sack rope ties, adopt normal-pressure sterilization, when stove or kettle temperature reach 100 DEG C, keep constant temperature 12 ~ 16 h, cease fire, open stove after utilizing the vexed 6-8 h of waste heat to take the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 23.5 ~ 28.5 DEG C and move to transfer room inoculation;
(2) send out bacterium to cultivate: postvaccinal bacterium bag is transported in the culturing room of having sterilized in time, and between bacterium bag, temperature controls at 16 ~ 24 DEG C, and culturing room should add forced ventilation, keep air fresh, relative air humidity controls 80% ~ 90%, and shading is cultivated;
(3) annesl management: take off bag when mycelia reaches physiological ripening, temperature during de-bag controls at 15 ~ 25 DEG C, before de-bag, first fruiting greenhouse floor is made the furrow that 30 ~ 40 centimetres dark, 100 centimetres wide, spread one deck boiler ash sediment or sand at the bottom of furrow, the bacterium bag that will take off bag annesl is transported in greenhouse, scratches bacterium bag with blade, take off plastic sack, cylindricality bacterium block is come in furrow by the spacing of 5 ~ 8 centimetres is vertical;
(4) management of producing mushroom: move into mushroom room row's bag after mycelia purseful in time, single wall-pile or tier rack type discharge on the ground, light scattering, add forced ventilation, strengthen day and night temperature, to mushroom canopy ground and wall water spray, keep relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%, temperature remains on 10 ~ 20 DEG C, the suitableeest fruiting temperature l 4 ~ 18 DEG C;
(5) mushroom is adopted: when mushroom lid launches 70-80%, the edge of mushroom lid is still involute, gathers when the interior mycoderm under lamella just breaks soon, bacterial spawn should be buttressed on the other hand when gathering, proficiency thumb and forefinger hold mushroom handle, and left rotation and right rotation makes the handle base of a fruit and matrix depart from, and then carry out point grade packaged.
Adopt above-described embodiment to cultivate mushroom, even if winter, temperature was lower, sisal hemp waste residue still can be utilized to cultivate the mushroom obtaining high yield, do not need to use high medium.In south, even if spring and autumn temperature is down to about 10, do not need to rely on booth temperature control or Artificial Control temperature yet.
To be the present invention and to be added with wood chip 60% composts or fertilisers of cultivating, the bagasse of high temperature bacterium of the present invention, beanstalk composts or fertilisers of cultivating is not adopted to plant the culture bed result of carrying out measuring tempeature in mushroom 10 Tian Shidui center:
。
Claims (4)
1. utilize sisal hemp waste residue to produce a method for mushroom, it is characterized in that, Mushroom cultivation material comprises the raw material of following parts by weight: sisal hemp waste residue 80-100; Chinese weeping cypress leaf 30-40; Mulberry bar powder 10-20; Described Mushroom cultivation material needs to carry out hot fermentation in advance, first that sisal hemp waste residue is dry, adds and accounts for total lime of composts or fertilisers of cultivating consumption 3 ~ 5% and the bacterial classification of 3 ~ 5%, fully trickle after mixing, water content 65-70%, and pH value is 5-6, covers film, fermentation 3-5 days; By the planting material turning after fermentation, then sugarcane end pin and lotus seed shell are sprinkled in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mix thoroughly, recurrence heap, overlay film fermentation 2-3 days, after so carrying out turning 2-3 time, mix thoroughly, be warmed up to 70-80 DEG C, keep sterilizing in 15 hours, be cooled to 20-28 DEG C;
Its production method is as follows:
(1) planting material pack sterilizing: with high density low-pressure polyethylene cultivation bag, specification is 14c m ~ 16c m × 52 ~ 56c m × 0.04 ~ 0.06 c m, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating loaded in bag wants degree of tightness appropriateness, uniformity, and after installing material, sack rope ties, adopt normal-pressure sterilization, when stove or kettle temperature reach 100 DEG C, keep constant temperature 12 ~ 16 h, cease fire, open stove after utilizing the vexed 6-8 h of waste heat to take the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 23.5 ~ 28.5 DEG C and move to transfer room inoculation;
(2) send out bacterium to cultivate: postvaccinal bacterium bag is transported in the culturing room of having sterilized in time, and between bacterium bag, temperature controls at 16 ~ 24 DEG C, and culturing room should add forced ventilation, keep air fresh, relative air humidity controls 80% ~ 90%, and shading is cultivated;
(3) annesl management: take off bag when mycelia reaches physiological ripening, temperature during de-bag controls at 15 ~ 25 DEG C, before de-bag, first fruiting greenhouse floor is made the furrow that 30 ~ 40 centimetres dark, 100 centimetres wide, spread one deck boiler ash sediment or sand at the bottom of furrow, the bacterium bag that will take off bag annesl is transported in greenhouse, scratches bacterium bag with blade, take off plastic sack, cylindricality bacterium block is come in furrow by the spacing of 5 ~ 8 centimetres is vertical;
(4) management of producing mushroom: move into mushroom room row's bag after mycelia purseful in time, single wall-pile or tier rack type discharge on the ground, light scattering, add forced ventilation, strengthen day and night temperature, to mushroom canopy ground and wall water spray, keep relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%, temperature remains on 10 ~ 20 DEG C, the suitableeest fruiting temperature l 4 ~ 18 DEG C;
(5) mushroom is adopted: when mushroom lid launches 70-80%, the edge of mushroom lid is still involute, gathers when the interior mycoderm under lamella just breaks soon, bacterial spawn should be buttressed on the other hand when gathering, proficiency thumb and forefinger hold mushroom handle, and left rotation and right rotation makes the handle base of a fruit and matrix depart from, and then carry out point grade packaged.
2. the method utilizing sisal hemp waste residue to produce mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bacterial classification is the combination bacterial classification of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, cultivating process needs to carry out high temperature acclimation, high temperature acclimation be by buy from microorganism center or market cellulose-decomposing bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, add domestic birds and animals ight soil, rubbish mud, ferrous sulfate and straw, its weight proportion is 10:10:10:10:10:1:20, ferment to 50-70 DEG C and become thoroughly decomposed completely, the fermentation mud obtained is as bacterial classification.
3. the method utilizing sisal hemp waste residue to produce mushroom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Chinese weeping cypress leaf is the Chinese weeping cypress leaf of fresh harvesting without solarization dry treatment, obtains after pulverizing.
4. the method utilizing sisal hemp waste residue to produce mushroom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described mulberry bar powder, is that the ramulus mori bar got back from mulberry field is made through section, pulverizing.
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| CN109673377A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-04-26 | 贵州普定印象朵贝农业开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of mushroom |
| CN108718920A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-02 | 贵州金蟾大山生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method of Dictyophora rubrovalvata briquetting fruiting |
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