JPH08181A - Production of feed, fertilizer, etc., using waste mushroom cultivation medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To effectively utilize a waste mushroom-cultivation medium left after the cultivation of mushroom by converting the medium into a high-quality product suitable for feed, fertilizer, soil-improver, etc. CONSTITUTION:Waste mushroom-cultivation medium left after the cultivation of mushroom is fermented and decomposed with a valuable microorganism group (EM microbe) containing aerobic microbe exhibiting anabiotic direction in combination with anaerobic microbe by a specific method in the presence of an antioxidation substance. The EM microbe is a combination of aerobic microbes and anaerobic microbes such as photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, lactic bacteria, actinomycetes and aspergillus. The waste mushroom-cultivation medium is mixed with rice bran, oil cake, fish meal, etc., to adjust the water content to about 35%, thoroughly mixed with the EM microbe while adding molasses, water, etc., under agitation and subjected to anaerobic fermentation to obtain the feed, etc.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

The present invention relates to a so-called useful microorganism (Ef) obtained by combining an aerobic microorganism and an anaerobic microorganism with a mushroom waste medium after cultivation of various mushrooms and its related residue.
perfect Micro-organisms ... E
Fertilizer for livestock,
The present invention relates to a method for producing domestic animals, fertilizers, etc. using a mushroom waste medium etc. that can be used as fertilizers for agriculture.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, research and development of mushroom cultivation technology has been remarkably progressed, and in practice, most of the cultivation methods are mainly artificial media. That is, a plurality of raw materials and nutrients are mixed according to the type of mushroom, and the artificial medium formed by adjusting the water content is placed in a certain container made of plastic such as polypropylene and sterilized, and then planted with mushroom fungus. Bacteria and fungi are grown and cultivated, and sprouting is performed to generate mushrooms (parental bodies) and are collected as edible mushrooms.

However, the artificial medium (waste medium) after the mushrooms are collected is used for recultivation, although most of the nutrients necessary for mushroom growth are absorbed but most of them remain. The current situation is that they are simply discarded as agricultural waste without any treatment. In addition, in response to the recent focus on health-conscious eating habits, large companies have also entered the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, and as a result, the types and supply of edible mushrooms have increased. ,
Waste mushroom medium after mushroom cultivation is increasing year by year, which is one of the pollution sources.

In order to solve these problems, attention has been paid to the fact that the mushroom waste medium contains many nutrients, and it has been attempted to make it effective by degrading it by microorganisms. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 56-45162 discloses that feed is produced by adding raw chlorella liquid, seaweed and special enzyme to unnecessary shiitake logs. JP-A-60-226
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 476 discloses that a feed or fertilizer is produced by adding a plant substance containing nitrogen or carbon to a waste medium or the like, and causing an aerobic microorganism to act on the substance to clean it.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-39552 discloses that a feed for livestock is produced by mixing a fermenting bacterium into a medium scrap containing sawdust as a main component. Furthermore, JP-A-2-16703
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3 (1994) discloses that organic-producing bacteria are added to a waste medium and left to ferment for a predetermined time, and the waste medium after fermentation is directly used as a feed.

[0005]

However, since a large amount of fibrous substances contained in mushroom waste culture medium and other lignin, etc. are very difficult to decompose, they are aerobic by the conventional treatment method as described above. In the fermentation of microorganisms, the fermentation is of an oxidative decomposition type, so that the temperature becomes high and the quality of the microorganism deteriorates to a putrefactive type. As a result, oxygen is deficient and a foul odor is generated. To supply oxygen to avoid this, stirring,
It is troublesome because it is necessary to change the work frequently, and the odor generated during the stirring work cannot be prevented. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly examine the mushroom waste medium that is the raw material, it is difficult to control the manufacturing process, and it is necessary to purchase deodorant and install a deodorizing device to remove the bad odor. Investment in large-scale mechanization was also necessary. Furthermore, the generation of a foul odor has been a serious problem not only causing environmental pollution but also deteriorating the health of workers. Moreover, the heat of fermentation and malodor consume various active ingredients and effective energy sources contained in the mushroom waste medium as a raw material, and as a result, conventional feed and fertilizer produced by fermentation are used. It had to be of low value.

On the other hand, the method of producing feed by adding organic acids has a limited purpose, and it is difficult to use it as a fertilizer.

[0007] Therefore, the conventional method for converting the waste medium of the mushroom into the feed is as long as the conventional general aerobic microorganism is used.
It is difficult to solve the drawbacks due to this, and since it cannot be supplied at a low cost because it becomes expensive in cost, and its spread is limited, a large amount of mushroom waste medium generated is not reused. It remains abandoned.

In view of these points, the present inventor can prevent the decay and contamination from progressing in a disintegrating type when only the aerobic microorganisms used in the prior art are used in treating the mushroom waste medium. The present invention has been completed, focusing on the use of so-called EM bacteria.

By the way, in the natural world, it is roughly divided into resuscitation,
There are two directions of collapse, and if it progresses in the direction of resuscitation, all things will be kept alive and healthy, but if it progresses in the direction of collapse, decay and pollution will progress and all things will It will be made useless. That is, the conventional treatment method has many of the above-mentioned various drawbacks because it is a collapse type, and it is desirable to treat with a microorganism that exhibits a resuscitation type direction different from this. It has never been done so far to consider and examine the efficient treatment of the mushroom waste medium from the viewpoint.

From the above, the present inventor uses the so-called EM bacterium in which aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms are allowed to coexist by a special method, so that the direction of resuscitation can be exerted and the mushroom waste medium can be exhibited. The present invention has succeeded in providing a method for producing animal feed, fertilizer and the like using a mushroom waste culture medium, which is a treatment method for converting corn into feed and fertilizer. That is, it was thought that aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms could not coexist due to the exact opposite growth conditions, but it was found that they coexist in the presence of antioxidants, and the natural ecosystem According to the principle of 1., the anaerobic bacteria useful for the control of harmful anaerobic bacteria and the aerobic bacteria useful for the control of harmful aerobic bacteria are also acted respectively, or the harmful anaerobic bacteria are controlled. The harmful effects can be eliminated by causing aerobic bacteria useful for the suppression of the above, and anaerobic bacteria useful for suppressing the harmful aerobic bacteria, respectively. The present invention is to treat the mushroom waste medium after mushroom cultivation by utilizing the characteristics of such EM bacteria, and the effective components contained in the mushroom waste medium as a raw material by the progress of resuscitation-type fermentation decomposition. Not only is it not consumed, but the active ingredient is generated by the synergistic effect of various microorganisms contained in EM bacteria, and a high-quality product suitable for use as feed, fertilizer, soil improver, etc. is obtained. .

[0011]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in the present invention, a useful microorganism group consisting of a combination of aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms in a mushroom waste medium after mushroom cultivation is stirred. It is characterized by being mixed and fermented. Then, useful microorganism groups are photosynthetic bacteria, yeast,
A combination of those selected from lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, koji molds and the like can be used. Further, the fermentation treatment can be performed under an anaerobic condition in a substantially sealed state, and the mushroom waste medium can be mixed with agricultural and livestock wastes to adjust the water content to a predetermined water content. .

[0012]

In the method for producing animal feed, fertilizer and the like using the mushroom waste medium according to the present invention, useful microorganisms added to the mushroom waste medium and mixed with it by stirring are various types of mushroom waste medium. The waste is fermented and decomposed into a state of good digestion and absorption when fed by livestock as feed, and a state of nutrients when absorbed by various agricultural products as fertilizer. Agricultural and livestock waste mixed with mushroom waste medium,
By relatively reducing the water content of a mushroom waste medium having a high water content, an effective environment suitable for the growth of useful microorganisms is formed.

[0013]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, one example of the present invention will be described. In the present invention, EM bacteria means useful microorganisms in English "Effective" and "Micro-organ".
It is an abbreviation for "isms", and is advocated by Professor Higa Teruo, a professor of agriculture at the University of the Ryukyus (Published by Sunmark Publishing Co., Ltd., Teruo Higa "Great Change to Save the Earth" (See page 13). Also, as a group of this useful microorganism, that is, EM, EM containing all EM bacteria
No. 1, EM2 mainly composed of actinomycetes, EM3 mainly composed of photosynthetic bacteria, EM4 mainly composed of lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and mainly antioxidant enzymes extracted from these EMs. There are EM5 and so on.

That is, a combination of three groups of synthetic microorganisms, fermentative microorganisms linked to the synthetic microorganisms, purifying microorganisms, fermentation, and synthesizing microorganisms so that anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria can be revived. It produces antioxidants that stop the oxidizing state of various microorganisms with different properties, such as aerial bacteria, psychrophilic and thermophilic bacteria, and acidophilic bacteria and alkalophilic bacteria. Are combined in. For example, photosynthetic bacteria and Azotobacter (nitrogen-fixing bacteria) are combined. At this time, Azotobacter takes in nitrogen in the air to biosynthesize into fatty acids, and emits carbon dioxide gas by respiration to produce a substrate for photosynthetic bacteria (microorganisms). Foods and living environment are created, while photosynthetic bacteria take solar energy as a substrate to biosynthesize sugars and generate oxygen by anoxic respiration to create a substrate and living environment for Azotobacter and coexist. It becomes a relationship. Furthermore, yeasts function to replace pyruvic acid in the primary metabolism of glycolysis with glucose (glucose) as a substrate, and pyruvic acid is an aerobic acetic acid bacterium, microaerobic (conditionally anaerobic) lactic acid bacterium, and anaerobic. These yeasts and lactic acid bacteria act as photosynthetic bacteria by stimulating the growth of crops by forming physiologically active substances such as hormones, vitamins, and nucleic acids in the secondary metabolism, which serve as a substrate for lactic acid butyric acid bacteria (a type of spoilage bacterium). It is intended to proliferate. In this way, resuscitation-type fermentation is performed by coexisting and co-prospering with various microorganisms having different properties.

The main bacteria utilized in the purification / fermentation synthesis type are, for example, photosynthetic bacteria (gram negative), gram negative, aerobic bacilli and cocci, gram positive cocci, endospore-forming bacilli and cocci. , Gram-positive, non-sporulating bacilli, Gram-positive, actinomycetes and related bacteria, etc., and the types of photosynthetic bacteria include, for example, green sulfur bacteria, filamentous phlox green bacteria,
There are red sulfur bacterium, red non-sulfur bacterium, aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, anaerobic brown-green photosynthetic bacterium, and the like, and the types of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms include cyanobacteria, actinomycetes, and rhizobia as symbiotic living types. Examples of independent-living aerobic bacteria include cyanobacteria, azotobacter, methanoxidizing bacteria, sulfur bacteria, aerobic photosynthetic bacteria, and aerobic anaerobic bacteria include endospore-forming bacilli, intestinal bacteria, and actinomycetes. There are endospore-forming bacilli, sulfate-reducing bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, brown-green photosynthetic bacteria, etc. among anaerobic bacteria, and in amphoteric bacteria that have both aerobic and anaerobic properties depending on the conditions of light and nutrition, red non-sulfur Bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, cyanobacteria, etc. (For details, see "Agricultural Utilization of Microorganisms and Environmental Conservation-Fermentation-Synthetic Soil and Crop Production-" by Teruo Higa, published by the Agricultural and Mountainous Village Cultural Association, No. 42. See pages 59 to 59).

However, the basic manufacturing method of the present invention is
Mushroom waste medium, which is the main raw material after mushroom cultivation, is dried so that the water content becomes about 30 to 40%, or cereal flour, dried okara, dried beer dregs and other agricultural product residues, pulverized coal, zeolite, etc. Is added, and if necessary, oil dregs, fish dregs, etc. are mixed to adjust the water content to a water content of 30 to 40% suitable for the growth of EM bacteria, and a fermentation treatment with EM bacteria is performed. It is a thing. At the time of this fermentation treatment, the type of EM bacteria to be mixed and input into the mushroom waste medium is selected corresponding to the case of conversion into feed, fertilizer, soil conditioner, etc. Note that the mushroom waste medium contains the fungi during mushroom cultivation, the residue from scratching the fungi, the root part of the mushroom (commonly known as stone, rooted), etc. Regardless of the type, shape and structure, it refers to various types of residue after cultivation.

Next, some specific examples of conversion into feed, fertilizer, soil improver, etc. by an enokitake mushroom waste medium which is discarded after cultivating enokitake mushrooms will be described. When used as a feed Enoki mushroom waste medium 600Kg rice bran 300Kg bran 100Kg EM bacterium 1.5l molasses 1.5l water 60l The above Enoki mushroom waste medium, rice bran and wheat bran are thoroughly mixed by stirring, and after stirring and mixing, the above EM bacteria, molasses, A mixture of water is added little by little, and the whole is further stirred and mixed to adjust the water content to about 35%. Then, store it in a closed container that shuts off the air and put it in an anaerobic fermentation state.
Leave to ferment for 0-15 days. The thus-obtained feed is mixed and added to conventional feed in a volume ratio of about 10 to 20% and fed to livestock animals such as cattle and pigs.

When using as a fertilizer Enoki mushroom waste medium 400Kg rice bran 400Kg fish debris 100Kg oil debris 100Kg EM fungus 1l molasses 1l water 170l A mixture of the above-mentioned EM bacteria, molasses, and water is added little by little, and the whole is further stirred and mixed to adjust the water content to about 35%. Then, it is stored in an airtight closed container, left in an anaerobic fermentation state and left for about 10 days for fermentation. The fertilizer thus obtained is used according to a general organic fertilizer, and is applied at an average of 2 tons per hectare, for example.

When used as a soil conditioner (Part 1) Enoki mushroom waste medium 700 Kg rice bran 200 Kg fish debris 50 Kg oil debris 50 Kg EM bacteria 0.5 l molasses 0.5 l water 10 l Enoki mushroom depleted medium, rice bran deer, fish dregs, oil The dregs are thoroughly stirred and mixed, and after stirring and mixing, a mixture of the above-mentioned EM bacteria, molasses and water is added little by little, and the whole amount is further stirred and mixed. Then, it is stored in an airtight closed container, left in an anaerobic fermentation state and left for about 10 days for fermentation. In addition,
When making a large amount, cover the accumulated whole surface with a sheet, shut off the air, and anaerobically ferment in about one month. It is used like conventional compost.

When used as a soil conditioner (Part 2) Enoki mushroom waste medium 600 Kg cattle manure 100 Kg rice bran 200 Kg rice husk 100 Kg EM bacteria 0.5 l molasses 0.5 l water 9 l Enoki mushroom waste medium, cattle manure (cattle dung), rice bran, fish After thoroughly mixing the dust and oil dust by stirring and mixing, the above EM
A mixture of bacteria, molasses, and water is added little by little, and the whole is further stirred and mixed. Then, it is stored in an airtight closed container, left in an anaerobic fermentation state and left for about 10 days for fermentation. In addition, when producing in large quantities, a sheet | seat is covered on the accumulated whole surface, air is interrupted | blocked, and it anaerobically ferments in about 1-2 months. The method of use is similar to that of conventional compost, and can be applied not only to cow dung but also to manure of pigs, chickens, horses and the like.

E used in the above specific examples
For M bacterium, for example, the one manufactured by Sanko Sangyo Co., Ltd. is used. When it is used as feed, the above-mentioned EM1 is used, and when it is used as a fertilizer or soil improver, EM2 and EM are used.
Those of No. 3 and EM4 are mainly used. Also,
As the mushroom waste medium, enoki mushrooms were used, but shimeji mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, and other various kinds of artificially cultivated mushrooms can be used.

Further, it is not limited to the case where the undiluted solution of EM is directly used as it is, and it is expanded by a liquid culture method, a powdery culture method or the like using an appropriate amount of rice bran, oil dregs, fish dregs, molasses, water and the like. It is also possible to use the one obtained by culturing, so-called EM blur. In the case of this expansion culture, dormant EM bacteria are activated to EM
The density of the bacteria can be increased, and the fermentation process for the mushroom waste medium can be further improved. Further, the expanded culture EM bacterium is used by being mixed with a raw material according to the purpose of conversion, and the powdered culture expanded EM bacterium can be stored for a long period of time by drying.

[0023]

The present invention is configured as described above.
For this reason, the mushroom waste medium, which is an agricultural waste that has been conventionally discarded as an unused resource, is treated with useful microorganisms (EM
Being fermented and decomposed by (bacteria), it can be beneficially used as feed, fertilizer, soil conditioner, etc., and widely used effectively in the agriculture and livestock industry, which will make a great contribution to this industry in response to internationalization. It is very useful for preventing pollution, which is a social problem.

That is, even if the fungus is grown after the sterilization treatment in the mushroom production process and the predetermined mushroom is cultivated, the nutrients remaining in the mushroom waste medium are optimal for the growth and fermentation decomposition of EM bacteria. Therefore, the fermentation and decomposition treatment is progressed and converted under extremely favorable conditions, and high-quality feed, fertilizer, etc. can be produced at low cost, and there is a high possibility that it will be widely spread in the agriculture and livestock industry. It is a thing. This is because, in the present invention, the aerobic microorganisms and the anaerobic microorganisms are allowed to coexist by a special method, by using so-called EM bacteria, the mushroom waste medium is fermented by exerting the direction of resuscitation. Yes, it does not consume the active ingredient contained in the mushroom waste medium that is the raw material due to the progress of the resuscitation-type fermentation decomposition, and the active ingredient is generated by the synergistic effect of various microorganisms contained in the EM bacterium. This is because it can be used as a useful feed, fertilizer, soil improver and the like.

In particular, when it is used as a feed, it is possible to enhance the taste by mixing it with a feed which is usually fed at about 5 to 10% and to improve the appetite of cattle, pigs and other livestock animals themselves. , The synergistic action of enzymes and useful microorganisms added during production increases the nutritional value of the feed, and the digestive function is enhanced to improve the digestibility and the digestibility of the roughage, and the digestive absorption of nutrients. Can be improved.

In addition, the cellulose contained in the produced feed stimulates the gastrointestinal tract, removes the waste products attached to the digestive organs in order to activate the serpentine movement, and improves digestion and absorption. effective. In addition, effective bacteria in the digestive system are multiplied to suppress harmful bacteria, generate antioxidants to enhance immunity, enhance natural healing power, and strengthen resistance to disease. As a result, the fattening rate is improved, the meat quality is improved and improved, the egg-laying rate is improved and the egg-laying life is extended, the milk yield is improved, and the effects such as saving the feed cost and reducing the treatment cost can be obtained. is there.

Furthermore, not only the malodor of the livestock itself, which is the main cause of the malodor generated in the livestock production process, is reduced, but also the malodor is generated because the fecal matter contains useful microbiota. I don't. Therefore, these feces become good compost in a short period of time by resuscitation-type fermentation, and are returned to farmland as soil improvers and organic fertilizers. In addition, by using the finished product as a litter (floor) for livestock shed, decomposition of feces and urine does not occur on the spot, so no offensive odor is generated and respiratory diseases, mastitis, hoof disease, etc. are prevented. ,
The bedding can be replaced and the deadline can be extended, and the air at the livestock farm can be purified, which helps maintain the health of workers.

Moreover, since the stool of livestock fed with a feed containing EM bacteria also contains a sufficient amount of resuscitation-type microorganisms, it promotes the composting of the microorganisms and produces no bad odor. There is also an advantage that compost can be obtained, and the growth of soil microorganisms after soil application can be vigorous.

On the other hand, when it is used as a fertilizer, the finished product or the compost or organic fertilizer delivered from the above-mentioned livestock industry is returned to the soil, so that it is conventionally decomposed by chemical fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, continuous cropping, etc. It is possible to change the current situation, which is in the direction of collapse into the direction of resuscitation. In other words, microbial groups that have the ability to convert into the direction of resuscitation grow further in the soil, and the levels of antioxidants increase due to synergistic effects, resulting in a resuscitation structure in which energy is three-dimensionally integrated, and the air in the soil , It purifies water and greatly promotes the growth of agricultural products.

In addition, the secretions of microorganisms in the EM bacteria used for the fermentation treatment contain various animal and plant nutrients such as amino acids, organic acids, polysaccharides, vitamins, and the like. Since the products from the soil contain a large amount of antioxidants, it repels harmful insect-loving pests without hatching their eggs, thus reducing the damage caused by pests. That is, the fertilized soil is made into an antioxidant state to eliminate harmful insects and diseases and increase beneficial insects. Furthermore, the roots of plants also have increased antioxidant power, roots do not rot or die, their absorption is strong, and cultivation under harsh environmental conditions is possible, and growth can be promoted even under abnormal weather conditions. it can.

Not only that, but the soil is alkaline,
Even if various properties such as acidity, sandy land, wetland, dry land, etc. are different, by using the fertilizer etc. obtained by the present invention, the hard property is corrected and the growth of crops is improved. It can be converted into a suitable environment and state.

As described above, according to the present invention, E
Since it can be used for the fermentation treatment of all mushroom waste medium in order to utilize M bacteria, the mushroom waste medium can be converted into useful feed, fertilizer, soil conditioner, etc. By providing it as feed for various animals, including poultry and other industrial animals and pets, it will have a great effect on the livestock industry. In addition, by applying the fertilizer and soil improver to the soil of various agricultural products, it enables an organic recycling-type agricultural and livestock industry system in which agricultural and livestock waste is revived, and realizes pesticide-free and chemical-free fertilizers. It is possible to easily implement measures for weeds that do not use herbicides, no-tillage cultivation, realization of environment-friendly agriculture, quality improvement of agricultural products, and securing economic efficiency.

As a result, high-quality agricultural and livestock products for the agricultural and livestock industry can sufficiently compete against international competition, reduce industrial waste, effectively use unused resources, protect the environment, secure food, It will also be of great help in conserving the world environment, which is a shared property of humankind such as food, environment, medical care, etc., which should basically guarantee all humanity such as health maintenance.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A feed using a mushroom waste medium or the like characterized in that the mushroom waste medium after mushroom cultivation is stirred and mixed with a useful microorganism group consisting of a combination of aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms and subjected to fermentation treatment. -Method of manufacturing fertilizer, etc. 2. The group of useful microorganisms is a combination of those selected from photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, koji molds and the like. Etc. manufacturing method. 3. The method for producing animal feed, fertilizer and the like using the mushroom waste medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation treatment is carried out under an anaerobic condition in a substantially sealed state. 4. The animal waste using the mushroom waste medium or the like according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mushroom waste medium is mixed with agricultural and livestock waste to adjust the water content to a predetermined water content. Fertilizer manufacturing method.