CN103435404A - Compatibility of cultivation material for pleurotus geesteranus and manufacture method of cultivation material - Google Patents
Compatibility of cultivation material for pleurotus geesteranus and manufacture method of cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103435404A CN103435404A CN2013103504123A CN201310350412A CN103435404A CN 103435404 A CN103435404 A CN 103435404A CN 2013103504123 A CN2013103504123 A CN 2013103504123A CN 201310350412 A CN201310350412 A CN 201310350412A CN 103435404 A CN103435404 A CN 103435404A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation material of pleurotus geesteranus, which is characterized in that chestnut branch crumbs, bract shell crumbs and chestnut shell crumbs are adopted as the main raw materials, cotton seed hulls, bran, land plaster and the like are adopted as the auxiliary materials, and the water content of the cultivation material is 63-65%. The invention further discloses a manufacture method of the cultivation material. Compared with the sawdust cultivation material, the cultivation material of pleurotus geesteranus has the advantages as follows: first, the cultivation materials with different sizes are matched reasonably, the air permeability of the fungus material is excellent, the vigorous growth of pleurotus geesteranus hyphae is realized, and the time of growing full of bags is shortened; second, the chestnut branch crumbs, the bract shell crumbs and the chestnut shell crumbs are subjected to sun exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation treatment, so that toxic anti-bacteria substances are removed, degradation of macromolecular substances is realized, absorption of pleurotus geesteranus hyphae is facilitated, formation of primordia of the fruit body is promoted, the quantity of the effective mushrooms is increased, and the yield is improved by 20-30%; third, the range of the cultivation materials is broadened, and the production cost is greatly lowered.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises Pleurotus geesteranus planting material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to the fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus geesteranus, the sporophore individuality is petite, and profile is beautiful, and size is more even, and quality is fine and close soft, and the stem fibrosis is low, and mouthfeel is more smooth, and unique flavor, and storage tolerance is good, is to develop rare edible mushrooms rapidly on domestic and international market.
Pleurotus geesteranus is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, the mushroom agriculture is all to using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material aborning.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, the cultivation cost is more and more higher, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Chinese chestnut tree is Fagaceae Castanea nuts plant, and its fruit is the famous Traditional Agricultural byproduct of China.China is the first big producing country of Chinese chestnut, and according to the statistics of Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), to the end of the year in 2009, the Chinese Chestnut cultivated area was 200,000 hm
2, ultimate production is about 1,090,000 t, accounts for 77% of Gross World Product.
In Chinese chestnut production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch produced after pruning.China's Chinese chestnut cultivated area is large, 700,000 tons of the branch Yue Keda that the pruning of annual Cong Li garden falls, however these branches are not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, shell, have another name called luxuriant shell, Li Peng, Li Pu shell, is the waste stayed after collecting Chinese chestnut, general every 100kg Chinese chestnut just means the dry luxuriant shell that 60kg-90kg is arranged, and these luxuriant shells are drawn materials easily, enormous amount, but done fuel except minority, all the other are often arbitrarily abandoned or let alone rots; The 3rd, the chestnut shell, plant skin for the pericarp of Li Jianguo, accounts for 10% of chestnut fruit weight, and the chestnut shell is to produce in the Chinese chestnut course of processing, aboundresources and concentrating, but most of enterprise processed it as waste, both increased production cost, wastes again resource.
The Chinese chestnut branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; The bud shell, contain higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, luxuriant shell is containing crude protein 8.78%, carbon 39.04%, nitrogen 1.348%; The chestnut shell, contain the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, and wherein content of cellulose reaches 48%, and xylogen accounts for 28.5%.Above these components, can grow essential carbon source, nitrogenous source is provided for edible fungi growth.But chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, these three kinds of materials of chestnut shell also contain the materials such as tannin, wax, can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, therefore must effectively process, make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.The method of processing comprises: sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation etc.After treatment, owing to having removed the objectionable impurities that affects the hypha of edible fungus growth, therefore be suitable for the growth of wood rotting fungi.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly the shortage today, if chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivation Pleurotus geesteranus of chestnut shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the Pleurotus geesteranus planting material compatibility that chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell be main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material compatibility has following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 20%-30%, luxuriant shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 12%-18%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
Chestnut branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bud shell bits: be exposed to the sun, be ground into the following particle of particle diameter 3mm (preventing the long sack that punctures of luxuriant shell thorn), be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Chestnut shell bits: be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm after the chestnut shell that fresh nothing is gone mouldy is exposed to the sun, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat separates in processing flour process.
Lime powder, terra alba: regulate, stablize potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprise the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 2% lime aqueous solution prewetted (fully drenching);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm on heap, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, when turning for the third time, adds the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, terra alba, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material, after the access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by the plastics stopper, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 24d-25d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, terra alba, makes the Pleurotus geesteranus planting material.With the cultivation on sawdust material, compare, its advantage is: the one, and the collocation of planting material thickness is reasonable, bacterium material good permeability, the oyster mushroom pieces growth is vigorous, the purseful time shorten; The 2nd, chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, by sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation, process, poisonous bacteriostatics had both been removed, make again the macromolecular substance degraded, be conducive to the absorption of oyster mushroom pieces, promoted the formation of fruit body primordium, effective mushroom quantity is increased, output improves 20%-30%; The 3rd, widened the culturing raw material channel, greatly reduce production cost.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, the Pleurotus geesteranus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 20%, luxuriant shell bits 22%, chestnut shell bits 18%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: 2d is exposed to the sun raw material before spice;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 2% lime aqueous solution prewetted (fully drenching);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2m, and the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, after carrying out heap, pat surrounding, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm on heap, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, when turning for the third time, adds the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, terra alba, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times totally 5 times, time remaining 7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material, after the access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by the plastics stopper, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, and temperature is controlled at 22 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%, and through the cultivation of 24d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, the Pleurotus geesteranus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 25%, luxuriant shell bits 20%, chestnut shell bits 15%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, the Pleurotus geesteranus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 30%, luxuriant shell bits 18%, chestnut shell bits 12%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 4 (control group): wood chip 78%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, sucrose 1%.
From following table, the chestnut branch of all modes bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits planting material mycelia purseful number of days shorten 5d-6d than control group, and its biological efficiency is all over control level, and output improves 20%-30%.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on Pleurotus geesteranus output
Claims (7)
1. a Pleurotus geesteranus planting material, is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 20%-30%, luxuriant shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 12%-18%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described chestnut branch bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, dries and be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
3. a kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described luxuriant shell bits, for the following particle of particle diameter 3mm, are deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year after being exposed to the sun, pulverizing.
4. a kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described chestnut shell bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place after being exposed to the sun, pulverizing, ageing 1 year.
5. a kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wheat bran is the wheat cortex that wheat separates in processing flour process.
6. the making method of the Pleurotus geesteranus planting material described in a claim 1-5 is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 2% lime aqueous solution prewetted (fully drenching);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm on heap, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, when turning for the third time, adds the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, terra alba, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
7. utilize the Pleurotus geesteranus planting material described in claim 1-6, after it is characterized in that accessing bacterial classification, the plastics stopper is changed into to tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 24d-25d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104584872A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus geesteranus cultivating method |
| CN104584875A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus geesteranus cultivating method |
| CN104671995A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-06-03 | 梁晓 | Phoenix mushroom culture medium |
| CN104737808A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation method |
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| CN101462900A (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2009-06-24 | 许忠 | Cultivation medium for Pleurotus geesteranus and method for producing the same |
| CN102283013A (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2011-12-21 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for culturing high-quality pleurotus geesteranus by using waste pleurotus eryngii residue |
| CN102964151A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-13 | 芜湖野树林生物科技有限公司 | Pleurotus geesteranus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
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| CN102283013A (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2011-12-21 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for culturing high-quality pleurotus geesteranus by using waste pleurotus eryngii residue |
| CN102964151A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-13 | 芜湖野树林生物科技有限公司 | Pleurotus geesteranus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104671995A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-06-03 | 梁晓 | Phoenix mushroom culture medium |
| CN104584872A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus geesteranus cultivating method |
| CN104584875A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus geesteranus cultivating method |
| CN104737808A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation method |
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