CN106105951A - A kind of horizontal linear supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry - Google Patents
A kind of horizontal linear supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry Download PDFInfo
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- CN106105951A CN106105951A CN201610476674.8A CN201610476674A CN106105951A CN 106105951 A CN106105951 A CN 106105951A CN 201610476674 A CN201610476674 A CN 201610476674A CN 106105951 A CN106105951 A CN 106105951A
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- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that horizontal linear supports fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, including building canopy, sterilization, field planting, water and fertilizer management, the management of button canopy, pruning, bud picking pinching, gather and manage and the step such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Wherein, the present invention is provided with a concrete column straight up every a segment distance in field planting row, and concrete column on the same line, is carried out binding with an iron wire bar and connects, and cover definite value row with mulch film by the concrete column in same field planting row.The features such as it is short that the present invention has cultivation cycle compared to existing technology, and yield is high, profitable, the present invention can make sorosis be advanced to listing in March, shifts to an earlier date ripe 2～3 months than outdoor cropping, and every mu of ground yield is up to 2000 kilograms, both having met fresh fruit market demand, price also can improve several times simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of a kind of fruit tree in greenhouse, the cultivation side of a kind of booth fruit Mulberry
Method.
Background technology
At present, the fruit Sang Tongchang that market is sold is not cultivate through booth, and manages lack of standardization easily causing
Really the quality of Mulberry is very different, and yield also can be affected.Necessary to the fructose abundant due to fruit Sang Hanyou and human body 16 kinds
The multiple nutritional components such as aminoacid, vitamin and fruit acid, pectin and natural pigment.Really Mulberry is possible not only to eat raw, also can process
Mulberry beverage, sorosis beans etc. is become to have large series novel products healthy nutritive value, high-grade.In recent years, open country is planted
The development of Bagle Mulberry is very fast, but because each kind period of maturation is close, sorosis concentrates listing, and gathers later stage Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, Fructus Persicae, Fructus Pruni etc. successively
Listing, all have impact on sorosis marketing fresh price.For improving the economic benefit of fruit Mulberry, the present invention utilizes horizontal linear to support fist mode and cultivates
Booth fruit Mulberry, can make sorosis be advanced to listing in March, shift to an earlier date ripe 2～3 months than outdoor cropping, and per mu yield is up to 2000kg, both
Meeting fresh fruit market demand, price also improves 7～9 times.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of horizontal linear supports fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry
Method, to solve, fruit Mulberry setting ratio of the prior art is the highest, the period of maturation is later, manage nonstandard technical problem.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: disclosed by the invention is that a kind of horizontal linear supports fist cultivation booth
The really method of Mulberry, comprises the following steps:
1) canopy is built: select fertile soil and the convenient loam irrigated or sandy loam to carry out opening up wasteland and formed multiple field planting row,
Field planting row is arranged in parallel, and is provided with footpath between adjacent field planting row, then the soil after opening up wasteland is set up booth,
Booth and soil to adapt in size and shape, and booth top is provided with automatic sprayer, outside the outside of ceiling is additionally provided with
Lid shade net；Booth is east-west, the long 66m of booth, wide 10m, high 4.5～5m, and in canopy, space is relatively big, and ceiling takes 1/4 circular arc,
Rear wall high 4～4.5m, Hou Qiang corridor oblique top high 4.5～5m.Body of wall to be fully incubated, and thickness is not less than 80cm, and pillar is concrete column,
Steel frame construction.Ceiling covers polyethylene dripless longevity film, and both sides coverlay can be with automatic lifting, enclosing cover shade net.There is humidification in severe winter
Warming equipment, heating is freely；Ceiling thing sets auto spraying and moulds pipe two, for spraying to increase canopy humidity.
2) sterilization: to carry out disinfection booth before fruit mulberry saplings of planting, really Mulberry booth to be carried out thoroughly before planting
Sterilization, otherwise can occur serious plant disease.
3) field planting: dig multiple field planting ditches in field planting row and apply fertilizer in field planting ditch, will have with one layer of table soil
Machine fertilizer covers, after fruit mulberry sapling root system is pruned, and field planting, then the fruit mulberry sapling after field planting is watered, use after having watered water
Fruit mulberry sapling is covered by mulch film, uses plastic film mulching cultivation can improve soil and subaerial temperature and water regime, rises
To improving the soil moisture, keep soil moisture, improve soil property, improve soil nutrient supply situation and utilization rate of fertilizer, change
Kind illumination condition, alleviates the effect such as weeds and disease pest harm.It is provided with a cement straight up every 6～9m in field planting row
Post, the height of concrete column is 0.3～2.0m, the concrete column in same field planting row on the same line, with an iron wire bar by water
Mud post carries out binding and connects, and iron wire bar is mutually perpendicular to concrete column, and the height on iron wire bar distance ground is 0.3～1.0m；
4) apply liquid manure: after the fruit mulberry sapling rudiment of field planting, take mulch film off, field planting row is irrigated, irrigate after terminating,
Offer dressing furrow on field planting row, apply fertilizer.Supporting the soil of fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry according to horizontal linear, to carry out soil measurement formula true
Determine dose, execute farm manure more and reduce chemical fertilizer；Summer cuts (fruit mulberry sapling is pruned by summer) mu afterwards and executes carbon ammonia 100 jin or carbamide 50
Jin；Big ten florescences can spray spirit or 920 of bearing fruit, to reduce shedding.Early flowering season and young fruit period foliage-spray one time 0.3% respectively
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, to improve the sugar content of fruit, promote precocity, make the big color of Mulberry fruit gorgeous, stable yields increase production.
5) button canopy management: button canopy heats up too early, and really Sang Buhui rudiment is bloomed, or rudiment is irregular, the budding period extends, bear fruit
Rate is low, physiological barrier etc. occurs in fruit development.Really after mulberry sapling field planting, in 10～December, booth is carried out detaining canopy and process, after button canopy
First carrying out 20 days K cryogenic treatment, the most slowly heat up, K cryogenic treatment is to be pulled open by outside shade net daytime, and evening will
Outside shade net is packed up, and the canopy temperature on the 1st week daytime that refers to heat up of slowly heating up stage by stage is maintained at 13～15 DEG C, canopy temperature holding at night
At 6～8 DEG C, the 2nd week daytime, canopy temperature was maintained at 16～18 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 7～10 DEG C, the 3rd week and later canopy on daytime
Temperature is maintained at 22～25 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 13～15 DEG C, and after really mulberry starts result, canopy temperature is maintained at 25～30 daytime
DEG C, night, canopy temperature was maintained at 15 ± 1 DEG C, increased day and night temperature, promoted the sugar transition in sorosis and nutritious substances accumulation.
6) prune: surely doing the fruit mulberry sapling of field planting, two healthy and strong branches of selecting and remain, by two described branches after growing up
Being fixed on iron wire bar, and select and remain a healthy and strong tree bud every 40～50cm on two described branches, remaining tree bud is thinning out,
The bud continued growth of described healthy and strong tree the long branch made new advances, Second Year 1～March carry out top clipping to fruit mulberry sapling, it is simply that by branch
Treetop is pruned.
7) bud picking pinching: the adventitious bud sprouted on Second Year late March, trunk of erasing and bearing basal shoot base portion small and weak
Bud, the pinching when 6 young leaves left and right are arranged at branch top, the pinching time, the most beneficially nutrition was raw in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May
Length proceeds to reproduction (fruit) growth, strengthens sunlight and irradiates, improves fruit quality.
8) gather: should gather by stages and in groups after sorosis maturation, after harvesting task terminates, cut shoot, stays fist；The Seedling of field planting
Wood is done surely at cutting back at ground 15～40cm.Time two healthy and strong branch length of selecting and remain are to about 1.5 meters, it is secured transverse to iron wire
On bar, allowing it grow to from left to right, every strain horizontal linear forms 6～8 branches then, just can bear fruit on a small quantity autumn then,
Second Year spring (January) really Sang Jinhang top clipping, mid or late April fruit Mulberry maturation is plucked, and carries out cut shoot, cut shoot after harvesting immediately
Method on 6～8 main bars that horizontal linear grows up, cut from horizontal linear trunk 1.5 centimeters surely stay fist (it is fixed first to cut,
Later annual cut at this fixed, progressively form fist be called stay fist), support 3～4 branches then, so, every mu is left effect branch number
4000, the most annual all at cut shoot herein.
9) gather management: after the Second Year task of gathering terminates, fruit mulberry will be carried out stump, fertilising of loosening the soil, clean simultaneously
Dry branches and fallen leaves and decayed fruit and fallen fruits etc..
Further, in order to ensure the logical light rate of booth, step 1) in the ceiling of booth to be coated with polyethylene dripless long-lived
Film, sorosis of gathering for convenience, the width of footpath is for being set to 1～1.5m.
Further, in order to reach the effect of sterilizing, step 2) in the method for sterilization be the vexed canopy of high temperature or sulfur smokes canopy, high
The vexed canopy of temperature be wheat straw and Calx are mixed after uniform fold on soil horizon, then plough with soil, carry out subsequently
Broad irrigation, penetrates into after soil until water, then with covering with ground sheeting, then seals canopy 15～20 days, and it is before fruit Mulberry is planted 2 that sulfur smokes canopy
～3 days, after Cosan 500 grams/acre and 1000 grams/acre of sawdust being mixed, uniformly cloth is placed in canopy, closes canopy fumigation 12～24 hours,
Then leak informaton.In order to ensure the effect of field planting, step 3) in field planting ditch depth 30～50cm, wide 30～50cm, the spacing in the rows of field planting is 2
～5m.
Further, in order to ensure the effectiveness of fertilising, step 4) in the degree of depth of dressing furrow be 20～30cm, width is 20
～50cm, the type of fertilising is farm manure, the summer cut after the most auxiliary to fertilize, the type of chemical fertilizer is carbon ammonium or carbamide.
Further, in order to improve the fruit yield of Mulberry and be conducive to gathering, step 6) in described new branch of selecting and remain be 6
～8, the height of fixed pole is distance ground 15～40cm.
Further, in order to improve the productivity of fruit Mulberry, step 7) in late April that the time is Second Year of pinching to May
Between the first tenday period of a month.
Further, in order to promote the growth of fruit Mulberry and shorten the period of maturation of fruit Mulberry, before rudiment in booth to be controlled
Relative humidity is 70%～80%, and the relative humidity in Post flowering booth to be controlled is 10%～30%.
Further, in order to ensure that next year fruit Mulberry also grows vigorous, step 9) in the fertilizer that fertilising applies that loosens the soil be multiple
Hefei, the consumption of compound fertilizer is 10,000 grams/acre.
Further, in order to ensure that fruit Mulberry will not be attacked by large-scale pest and disease damage in growth course, disease is also included
Pest control processes: the fruit Mulberry in booth to be carried out timely weeding and ventilation, by using smoked canopy operation to carry out pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating, smoked canopy operation is by 45% chlorothalonil smoke uniform stationing in booth of 250～300 grams, closes canopy fumigation 12～24h,
And combine chemical agent carry out spray deinsectization, the composition of chemical agent be 1 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and
75% Bravo wettable powder 800 times liquid or the mixed liquor of 50% l000 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder.
The features such as it is short that the present invention has cultivation cycle compared to existing technology, and yield is high, profitable, the present invention can make sorosis
Being advanced to listing in March, shift to an earlier date ripe 2～3 months than outdoor cropping, every mu of ground yield is up to 2000 kilograms, has both met fresh fruit
Market demand, price also can improve several times simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present configuration schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the sorosis Seedling schematic diagram before cut shoot；
Fig. 3 is that sorosis Seedling stays fist schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Elaborating embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is carried out under premised on technical solution of the present invention
Implement, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following enforcement
Example.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method being horizontal linear and supporting fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry disclosed by the invention, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, wherein wraps
Including following cultivating facility, concrete column 1, iron wire bar 2, rope bar 3, field planting row 4, footpath 5 and dressing furrow 6,7 in Fig. 3 mark
For staying the position at fist；Wherein embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
1) canopy is built: select fertile soil and the convenient loam irrigated or sandy loam to carry out opening up wasteland and formed multiple field planting row 4,
Field planting row 4 is arranged in parallel, and is provided with footpath 5 between adjacent field planting row 4, then sets up the soil after opening up wasteland big
Canopy, booth and soil to adapt in size and shape, and booth top is provided with automatic sprayer, and the outside of ceiling is additionally provided with
Enclosing cover shade net；Booth is east-west, the long 66m of booth, wide 10m, high 4.5m, and in canopy, space is relatively big, and ceiling takes 1/4 circular arc,
Rear wall height 4m, Hou Qiang corridor oblique top height 4.5m.Body of wall to be fully incubated, thickness 80cm, and pillar is concrete column, steel frame construction.Ceiling
Covering polyethylene dripless longevity film, both sides coverlay can be with automatic lifting, enclosing cover shade net.There is humidification warming equipment severe winter, heating
Freely；Ceiling thing sets auto spraying and moulds pipe two, and for spraying to increase canopy humidity, the width of footpath 5 is for being set to
1m。
2) sterilization: to carry out disinfection booth before fruit mulberry saplings of planting, really Mulberry booth to be carried out thoroughly before planting
Sterilization,
Serious plant disease otherwise can occur.
3) field planting: dig multiple field planting ditches in field planting row 4 and apply fertilizer in field planting ditch, will have with one layer of table soil
Machine fertilizer covers, after fruit mulberry sapling root system is pruned, and field planting, then the fruit mulberry sapling after field planting is watered, use after having watered water
Fruit mulberry sapling is covered by mulch film, is provided with a concrete column 1 straight up every 6m in field planting row 4, and the height of concrete column 1 is
0.3m, concrete column 1 on the same line, is carried out binding with an iron wire bar 2 and connects by the concrete column 1 in same field planting row 4, ferrum
Strand 2 is mutually perpendicular to concrete column 1, and the iron wire bar 2 height apart from ground is 0.3m；
4) apply liquid manure: after the fruit mulberry sapling rudiment of field planting, take mulch film off, field planting row 4 is irrigated, irrigate after terminating,
Field planting row 4 is offered dressing furrow 6, applies fertilizer.Dose and fertilization mode, with " building garden standard ", support fist according to horizontal linear
The soil of cultivation booth fruit Mulberry carries out soil measurement formula and determines dose, executes farm manure more and reduces chemical fertilizer；Summer cuts rear mu and executes carbon ammonia 100
Jin；
5) button canopy management: button canopy heats up too early, and really Sang Buhui rudiment is bloomed, or rudiment is irregular, the budding period extends, bear fruit
Rate is low, physiological barrier etc. occurs in fruit development.Really after mulberry sapling field planting, in October, booth is carried out detaining canopy and process, advanced after button canopy
20 days K cryogenic treatment of row, the most slowly heat up, and K cryogenic treatment is to be pulled open by outside shade net daytime, and evening is by outside
Shade net is packed up, and the canopy temperature on the 1st week daytime that refers to heat up of slowly heating up stage by stage is maintained at 13 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 6 DEG C, the
2 week daytime, canopy temperature was maintained at 16 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 7 DEG C, the 3rd week and later canopy temperature on daytime be maintained at 22 DEG C, night canopy
Temperature is maintained at 13 DEG C, and after really mulberry starts result, canopy temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C daytime, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 14 DEG C, increases round the clock
The temperature difference, promotes the sugar transition in sorosis and nutritious substances accumulation.
6) prune: surely doing the fruit mulberry sapling of field planting, two healthy and strong branches of selecting and remain, by two described branches after growing up
Being fixed on iron wire bar 2, and select and remain a healthy and strong tree bud every 40cm on two described branches, remaining tree bud is thinning out, institute
Stating the bud continued growth of healthy and strong tree the long branch made new advances, Second Year carries out top clipping to fruit mulberry sapling January；
7) bud picking pinching: the adventitious bud sprouted on Second Year late March, trunk of erasing and bearing basal shoot base portion small and weak
Bud, the pinching when 6 young leaves left and right are arranged at branch top, the pinching time, being now conducive to nourishes and grows proceeded to reproduction in late April
(fruit) grows, and strengthens sunlight and irradiates, improves fruit quality.
8) gather: should gather by stages and in groups after sorosis maturation, after harvesting task terminates, cut shoot, stays fist 7；Field planting
Nursery stock does surely at cutting back at the 15cm of ground.Time two healthy and strong branch length of selecting and remain are to about 1.5 meters, laterally fix with rope bar 3
On iron wire bar 2, allowing it grow to from left to right, every strain horizontal linear forms 6 branches then, just can hang on a small quantity autumn then
Really, Second Year spring (January) really Sang Jinhang top clipping, mid or late April fruit Mulberry maturation is plucked, and carries out cut shoot immediately, cut down after harvesting
Bar method on 6 main bars that horizontal linear grows up, cut from horizontal linear trunk 1.5 centimeters surely stay fist 7 (it is fixed first to cut,
Later annual cut at this fixed, progressively form fist be called stay fist), support 3 branches then, the most annual all at cut shoot herein.
9) gather management: after the Second Year task of gathering terminates, fruit mulberry will be carried out stump, fertilising of loosening the soil, clean simultaneously
Dry branches and fallen leaves and decayed fruit and fallen fruits etc., the fertilizer that fertilising of loosening the soil applies is compound fertilizer, and the consumption of compound fertilizer is 10,000 grams/acre.
Wherein, step 2) in the method for sterilization be the vexed canopy of high temperature or sulfur smokes canopy, the vexed canopy of high temperature is wheat straw and Calx to be mixed
After conjunction, uniform fold is on soil horizon, then ploughs with soil, carries out broad irrigation subsequently, treats that water penetrates into soil
After, then with covering with ground sheeting, then envelope canopy 15 days, it is before fruit Mulberry is planted 2 days that sulfur smokes canopy, by Cosan 500 grams/acre and sawdust
After 1000 grams/acre of mixing, uniformly cloth is placed in canopy, closes canopy fumigation 12 hours, then leaks informaton.In order to ensure the effect of field planting, step
3) field planting ditch depth 30cm in, wide 30cm, the spacing in the rows of field planting is 2m.
Wherein, before rudiment, the relative humidity in booth to be controlled is 70%, the relative humidity in Post flowering booth to be controlled
It is 10%.
Wherein, in order to ensure that fruit Mulberry will not be attacked by large-scale pest and disease damage in growth course, pest and disease damage is also included
Prevention technology: the fruit Mulberry in booth to be carried out timely weeding and ventilation, by using smoked canopy operation that pest and disease damage is prevented and treated,
Smoked canopy operation is by 45% chlorothalonil smoke uniform stationing in booth of 250 grams, closes canopy fumigation 12h, and combines chemical agent
Carrying out spraying deinsectization, the composition of chemical agent is 1 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and 75% Bravo wettability
800 times of liquid of powder or the mixed liquor of 50% l000 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment comprises the following steps: choose seeds as big ten kinds；
1) canopy is built: select fertile soil and the convenient loam irrigated or sandy loam to carry out opening up wasteland and formed multiple field planting row 4,
Field planting row 4 is arranged in parallel, and is provided with footpath 5 between adjacent field planting row 4, then sets up the soil after opening up wasteland big
Canopy, booth and soil to adapt in size and shape, and booth top is provided with automatic sprayer, and the outside of ceiling is additionally provided with
Enclosing cover shade net；Booth is east-west, the long 66m of booth, wide 10m, high 5m, and in canopy, space is relatively big, and ceiling takes 1/4 circular arc, after
Wall height .5m, Hou Qiang corridor oblique top height 5m.Body of wall to be fully incubated, thickness 80cm, and pillar is concrete column, steel frame construction.Ceiling covers poly-
Ethylene is without dripping long-lived film, and both sides coverlay can be with automatic lifting, enclosing cover shade net.Having humidification warming equipment severe winter, heating is freely；
Ceiling thing sets auto spraying and moulds pipe two, for spraying to increase canopy humidity.The ceiling of booth is coated with polyethylene dripless
Long-lived film, sorosis of gathering for convenience, the width of footpath 5 is for being set to 1.5m.
2) sterilization: to carry out disinfection booth before fruit mulberry saplings of planting, really Mulberry booth to be carried out thoroughly before planting
Sterilization, otherwise can occur serious plant disease.The method of sterilization is the vexed canopy of high temperature or sulfur smokes canopy, and the vexed canopy of high temperature is by wheat straw and Calx
After mixing, uniform fold is on soil horizon, then ploughs with soil, carries out broad irrigation subsequently, treats that water penetrates into soil
After, then with covering with ground sheeting, then envelope canopy 20 days, it is before fruit Mulberry is planted 3 days that sulfur smokes canopy, by Cosan 500 grams/acre and sawdust
After 1000 grams/acre of mixing, uniformly cloth is placed in canopy, closes canopy fumigation 24 hours, then leaks informaton.In order to ensure the effect of field planting, step
3) field planting ditch depth 50cm in, wide 50cm, the spacing in the rows of field planting is 5m.
3) field planting: dig multiple field planting ditches in field planting row 4 and apply fertilizer in field planting ditch, will have with one layer of table soil
Machine fertilizer covers, after fruit mulberry sapling root system is pruned, and field planting, then the fruit mulberry sapling after field planting is watered, use after having watered water
Fruit mulberry sapling is covered by mulch film, is provided with a concrete column 1 straight up every 9m in field planting row 4, and the height of concrete column 1 is
2.0m, concrete column 1 on the same line, is carried out binding with an iron wire bar 2 and connects by the concrete column 1 in same field planting row 4, ferrum
Strand 4 is mutually perpendicular to concrete column 1, and the iron wire bar 4 height apart from ground is 1.0m；
4) apply liquid manure: after the fruit mulberry sapling rudiment of field planting, take mulch film off, field planting row is irrigated, irrigate after terminating,
Offer dressing furrow 6 on field planting row 4, apply fertilizer.Dose and fertilization mode, with " building garden standard ", are supported fist according to horizontal linear and are planted
The soil of training booth fruit Mulberry carries out soil measurement formula and determines dose, executes farm manure more and reduces chemical fertilizer；Summer cuts rear mu and executes 50 jin of carbamide；
Big ten Spraying in the flowering stages are beared fruit spirit or 920, to reduce shedding.The phosphoric acid of early flowering season and young fruit period foliage-spray one time 0.3% respectively
Potassium dihydrogen solution.
5) button canopy management: button canopy heats up too early, and really Sang Buhui rudiment is bloomed, or rudiment is irregular, the budding period extends, bear fruit
Rate is low, physiological barrier etc. occurs in fruit development.Really after mulberry sapling field planting, at December, booth is carried out detaining canopy and process, advanced after button canopy
20 days K cryogenic treatment of row, the most slowly heat up, and K cryogenic treatment is to be pulled open by outside shade net daytime, and evening is by outside
Shade net is packed up, and the canopy temperature on the 1st week daytime that refers to heat up of slowly heating up stage by stage is maintained at 15 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 8 DEG C, the
2 week daytime, canopy temperature was maintained at 18 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 10 DEG C, the 3rd week and later canopy temperature on daytime be maintained at 25 DEG C, night canopy
Temperature is maintained at 15 DEG C, and after really mulberry starts result, canopy temperature is maintained at 30 DEG C daytime, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 16 DEG C, increases round the clock
The temperature difference, promotes the sugar transition in sorosis and nutritious substances accumulation.
6) prune: surely doing the fruit mulberry sapling of field planting, two healthy and strong branches of selecting and remain, by two described branches after growing up
Being fixed on iron wire bar 2 with rope bar 3, and select and remain a healthy and strong tree bud every 50cm on two described branches, remaining sets bud
Being thinning out, the bud continued growth of described healthy and strong tree the long branch made new advances, Second Year carries out top clipping to fruit mulberry sapling March；Select and remain described newly
Branch be 8, the height of fixed pole be distance ground 40cm.
7) bud picking pinching: the adventitious bud sprouted on Second Year late March, trunk of erasing and bearing basal shoot base portion small and weak
Bud, the pinching when 6 young leaves left and right are arranged at branch top, the pinching time, being now conducive to nourishes and grows proceeded to reproduction in the first tenday period of a month in May
(fruit) grows, and strengthens sunlight and irradiates, improves fruit quality.
8) gather: should gather by stages and in groups after sorosis maturation, after harvesting task terminates, cut shoot, stays fist 7；Field planting
Nursery stock does surely at cutting back at the 40cm of ground.Time two healthy and strong branch length of selecting and remain are to about 1.5 meters, laterally fix with rope bar 3
On iron wire bar 2, allowing it grow to from left to right, every strain horizontal linear forms 8 branches then, just can hang on a small quantity autumn then
Really, Second Year spring (January) really Sang Jinhang top clipping, mid or late April fruit Mulberry maturation is plucked, and carries out cut shoot immediately, cut down after harvesting
Bar method on 8 main bars that horizontal linear grows up, cut from horizontal linear trunk 1.5 centimeters surely stay fist (it is fixed first to cut, with
Rear annual cut at this fixed, progressively form fist be called stay fist), support 4 branches then, the most annual all at cut shoot herein.
9) gather management: after the Second Year task of gathering terminates, fruit mulberry will be carried out stump, fertilising of loosening the soil, clean simultaneously
Dry branches and fallen leaves and decayed fruit and fallen fruits etc., the fertilizer that fertilising of loosening the soil applies is compound fertilizer, and the consumption of compound fertilizer is 10,000 grams/acre.
Wherein, before rudiment, the relative humidity in booth to be controlled is 80%, the relative humidity in Post flowering booth to be controlled
It is 30%.
Wherein, the present embodiment also including, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control processes: the fruit Mulberry in booth to be carried out timely weeding and leads to
Wind, by using the operation of smoked canopy that pest and disease damage is prevented and treated, smoked canopy operation be by 45% chlorothalonil smoke of 300 grams in booth
Uniform stationing, closes canopy fumigation 24h, and combines chemical agent and carry out spraying deinsectization, and the composition of chemical agent is 70% methyl Tobe
1 times of liquid of Tianjin wettable powder and 800 times of liquid of 75% Bravo wettable powder or l000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder
Mixed liquor.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment comprises the following steps: choose seeds as big ten kinds；Including following enforcement step:
1) canopy is built: select fertile soil and the convenient loam irrigated or sandy loam to carry out opening up wasteland and formed multiple field planting row
4, field planting row 4 is arranged in parallel, and is provided with footpath 5 between adjacent field planting row 4, then sets up the soil after opening up wasteland
Booth, booth and soil to adapt in size and shape, and booth top is provided with automatic sprayer, and the outside of ceiling also sets
There is enclosing cover shade net；The ceiling of booth is coated with polyethylene dripless longevity film, and the width of described footpath 5 is 1.2m.
2) sterilization: booth was carried out disinfection before fruit mulberry saplings of planting；The method of sterilization is the vexed canopy of high temperature or sulfur
Smoked canopy, the vexed canopy of high temperature be wheat straw and Calx are mixed after uniform fold on soil horizon, then plough with soil, with
After carry out broad irrigation, penetrate into after soil until water, then with covering with ground sheeting, then seal canopy 15～20 days, it is in fruit Mulberry that sulfur smokes canopy
Before planting 2～3 days, after Cosan 500 grams/acre and 1000 grams/acre of sawdust being mixed, uniformly cloth was placed in canopy, close canopy fumigation 12～
24 hours, then leak informaton.
3) field planting: 4 dig more than one field planting ditch and apply fertilizer in field planting ditch, with one layer of table soil in field planting row
Fertilizer is covered, after fruit mulberry sapling root system is pruned, field planting, then the fruit mulberry sapling after field planting is watered, watered water
With mulch film, fruit mulberry sapling is covered afterwards, in field planting row, be provided with a concrete column 1 straight up, the height of concrete column 1 every 6m
Degree is 1m, and concrete column 1 on the same line, is attached by the concrete column 1 in same field planting row 4 with an iron wire bar 2, iron wire
Bar 2 is bound by rope bar with concrete column 1, and iron wire bar 2 is mutually perpendicular to concrete column 1, and the iron wire bar 2 height apart from ground is
0.5m；Field planting ditch depth 30～50cm, wide 30～50cm, the spacing in the rows of field planting is 3m.
4) apply liquid manure: after the fruit mulberry sapling rudiment of field planting, take mulch film off, field planting row is irrigated, irrigate after terminating,
Offer dressing furrow 6 on field planting row, apply fertilizer.The degree of depth of dressing furrow 6 is 25cm, and width is 30cm, and the type of fertilising is farmers'
Fertilizer, the summer cut after the most auxiliary execute carbamide.
5) button canopy management: really after mulberry sapling field planting, carries out detaining canopy in late November to booth and processes, first carry out 20 days after button canopy
The K cryogenic treatment of left and right, the most slowly heats up, and K cryogenic treatment is to be pulled open by outside shade net daytime, outside screening in evening
Screened negative is packed up, and the canopy temperature on the 1st week daytime that refers to heat up of slowly heating up stage by stage is maintained at 15 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 6～8 DEG C,
2nd week daytime, canopy temperature was maintained at 16～18 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 7～10 DEG C, the 3rd week and later canopy temperature on daytime be maintained at 22
～25 DEG C, night, canopy temperature was maintained at 13～15 DEG C, and after really mulberry starts result, canopy temperature is maintained at 25～30 DEG C daytime, night canopy
Temperature is maintained at 15 DEG C.
6) prune: surely doing the fruit mulberry sapling of field planting, the nursery stock of field planting does surely at cutting back at the 25cm of ground.Select and remain two
Time individual healthy and strong branch length is to about 1.5 meters, being laterally bundled on the iron wire of 50 cm heights 2 by rope bar 3, remaining sets bud
It is thinning out, the bud continued growth of healthy and strong tree the long branch made new advances, Second Year 1～March fruit mulberry sapling is carried out top clipping；Select and remain described new
Branch is 6～8.
7) bud picking pinching: the adventitious bud sprouted on Second Year late March, trunk of erasing and bearing basal shoot base portion small and weak
Bud, in Second Year 4～May, carries out pinching to the branch newly grown；
8) gather: should gather by stages and in groups after sorosis maturation, after harvesting task terminates, cut shoot, stays fist 7；
9) gather management: after the Second Year task of gathering terminates, fruit mulberry will be carried out stump, i.e. overhead 8～10cm
Place carries out stump and loosens the soil fertilising, cleans dry branches and fallen leaves and decayed fruit and fallen fruits etc. simultaneously, and the fertilizer that fertilising of loosening the soil applies is compound
Fertilizer, the consumption of described compound fertilizer is 10,000 grams/acre.
Wherein, in order to adapt to the growth cycle feature of fruit Mulberry, controlling the relative humidity in described booth before rudiment is 75%,
The relative humidity that Post flowering controls in described booth is 20%.
Wherein, in order to ensure fruit Mulberry growing way, also include that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control processes: the fruit Mulberry in booth be carried out and
Time weeding and ventilation, by using smoked canopy operation to prevent and treat pest and disease damage, smoked canopy operation is by the 45%00 of 250～300 grams
Bacterium smoke clearing agent uniform stationing in booth, closes canopy fumigation 24h, and combines chemical agent and carry out spraying deinsectization, the one-tenth of chemical agent
It is divided into 1 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and 800 times of liquid of 75% Bravo wettable powder or 50% carbendazim can
The mixed liquor of WP l000 times liquid.Concrete grammar: reserving amount of application according to medication area, uniform stationing, with iron wire, fragment of brick
Etc. doing support, by fragmented for fumicants away from 30 centimetres of ground eminence, by outwards lighting in order in booth when setting off, blow out naked light,
It is made normally to be fuming.Airtight booth after having put, just can carry out farming operation after ventilating morning next day.
Claims (10)
1. the method that a horizontal linear supports fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) canopy is built: select fertile soil and the convenient loam irrigated or sandy loam to carry out opening up wasteland and formed more than one field planting
OK, described field planting row is arranged in parallel, and is provided with footpath between adjacent field planting row, then builds the soil after opening up wasteland
Founding booth, described booth and described soil to adapt in size and shape, and described booth top is provided with automatic sprayer,
The outside of ceiling is additionally provided with enclosing cover shade net；
2) sterilization: booth was carried out disinfection before fruit mulberry saplings of planting；
3) field planting: dig more than one field planting ditch in described field planting row and apply fertilizer in described field planting ditch, with
Described fertilizer is covered by layer table soil, after fruit mulberry sapling root system is pruned, and field planting, then the fruit mulberry sapling after field planting is watered
Water, covers described fruit mulberry sapling with mulch film after having watered water, is provided with one straight up every 6～9m in described field planting row
Concrete column, the height of described concrete column is 0.3～2.0m, the described concrete column in same field planting row on the same line, with one
Root iron wire bar described concrete column is carried out binding connect, described iron wire bar is mutually perpendicular to described concrete column, described iron wire bar away from
Height overhead is 0.3～1.0m；
4) apply liquid manure: after the fruit mulberry sapling rudiment of field planting, take mulch film off, field planting row is irrigated, irrigate after terminating, in field planting
Offer dressing furrow on row, apply fertilizer；
5) button canopy management: really after mulberry sapling field planting, carries out detaining canopy in 10～December to booth and processes, first carry out 20 days low temperature after button canopy
Processing, the most slowly heat up, described K cryogenic treatment is that daytime is by step 1) described in outside shade net pull open, late
On described outside shade net is packed up, the described canopy temperature on the 1st week daytime that refers to heat up of slowly heating up stage by stage is maintained at 13～15
DEG C, night, canopy temperature was maintained at 6～8 DEG C, and the 2nd week daytime, canopy temperature was maintained at 16～18 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 7～10 DEG C, and the 3rd
Week and later daytime, canopy temperature was maintained at 22～25 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 13～15 DEG C, after really mulberry starts result, and canopy Wen Bai
It is maintained at 25～30 DEG C, and night, canopy temperature was maintained at 15 ± 1 DEG C；
6) prune: to step 3) in the fruit mulberry sapling of field planting surely do, two healthy and strong branches of then selecting and remain, by two after growing up
Described branch is fixed on described iron wire bar, and selects and remain a healthy and strong tree bud every 40～50cm on two described branches,
Remaining tree bud is thinning out, the bud continued growth of described healthy and strong tree the long branch made new advances, and Second Year 1～March cuts fruit mulberry sapling
The tip；
7) bud picking pinching: the adventitious bud sprouted on Second Year late March, trunk of erasing and the small and weak bud of bearing basal shoot base portion,
In Second Year 4～May, to step 6) in grow up after described new branch carry out pinching；
8) gather: should gather by stages and in groups after sorosis maturation, after harvesting task terminates, cut shoot, stays fist；
9) gather management: after the Second Year task of gathering terminates, fruit mulberry will be carried out stump, fertilising of loosening the soil, clean deadwood simultaneously
Fallen leaves and decayed fruit and fallen fruits etc..
A kind of horizontal linear the most as claimed in claim 1 supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, it is characterised in that step 1) in
The ceiling of described booth is coated with polyethylene dripless longevity film, and the width of described footpath is 1～1.5m.
A kind of horizontal linear the most as claimed in claim 1 supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, it is characterised in that step 2) in
The method of described sterilization is the vexed canopy of high temperature or sulfur smokes canopy, and the vexed canopy of described high temperature is that after wheat straw and Calx being mixed, uniform fold exists
On soil horizon, then plough with soil, carry out broad irrigation subsequently, penetrate into after soil until water, then with covering with ground sheeting,
Then envelope canopy 15～20 days, it is before fruit Mulberry is planted 2～3 days that described sulfur smokes canopy, by Cosan 500 grams/acre and sawdust 1000
After gram/acre mixing, uniformly cloth is placed in canopy, closes canopy fumigation 12～24 hours, then leaks informaton, step 3) described in field planting ditch depth 30
～50cm, wide 30～50cm, the spacing in the rows of described field planting is 2～5m.
A kind of horizontal linear the most as claimed in claim 1 supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, it is characterised in that step 4) in
The degree of depth of described dressing furrow is 20～30cm, and width is 20～50cm, and the type of described fertilising is farm manure, and the summer cuts rear auxiliary executing
Fertilizer, the type of described chemical fertilizer is carbon ammonium or carbamide.
A kind of horizontal linear the most as claimed in claim 1 supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, it is characterised in that step 6) in
Described new branch of selecting and remain is 6～8, and the height of described fixed pole is distance ground 15～40cm.
A kind of horizontal linear the most as claimed in claim 1 supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, it is characterised in that step 7) in
Between the first tenday period of a month in late April to May that the time of described pinching is Second Year.
A kind of horizontal linear the most as claimed in claim 1 supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, it is characterised in that control before rudiment
Making the relative humidity in described booth is 70%～80%, Post flowering control the relative humidity in described booth be 10%～
30%.
A kind of horizontal linear the most as claimed in claim 1 supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, it is characterised in that step 9) in
The fertilizer that described fertilising of loosening the soil applies is compound fertilizer, and the consumption of described compound fertilizer is 10,000 grams/acre.
A kind of horizontal linear the most as claimed in claim 1 supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, it is characterised in that also include disease
Pest control processes: the fruit Mulberry in booth to be carried out timely weeding and ventilation, by using smoked canopy operation to carry out pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating, described smoked canopy operation be by 45% chlorothalonil smoke uniform stationing in booth of 250～300 grams, close canopy fumigation 12～
24h, and combine chemical agent carry out spray deinsectization.
A kind of horizontal linear the most as claimed in claim 9 supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry, it is characterised in that describedization
Learn the composition of medicament be 1 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and 800 times of liquid of 75% Bravo wettable powder or
The mixed liquor of 50% l000 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder.
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| CN112544272A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 常州市金坛区蚕桑技术指导站 | Y-shaped pruning and trimming technology for fruit mulberry |
| CN112544272B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-05-03 | 常州市金坛区蚕桑技术指导站 | Y-shaped pruning and trimming method for fruit mulberry |
| CN112997724B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-06-07 | 江苏一号农场科技股份有限公司 | Mulberry fence wall type diagonal drawing shaping pruning method |
| CN112997724A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-22 | 江苏一号农场科技股份有限公司 | Mulberry fence wall type diagonal drawing shaping pruning method |
| CN118716091A (en) * | 2024-06-19 | 2024-10-01 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A method for managing fruit mulberry trees and a method for cultivating V-shaped fruit mulberry trees |
| CN118786866A (en) * | 2024-07-29 | 2024-10-18 | 十堰市经济作物研究所 | A cultivation method for regulating the ripening and picking period of mulberry fruits and its application |
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