CN112544272A

CN112544272A - Y-shaped pruning and trimming technology for fruit mulberry

Info

Publication number: CN112544272A
Application number: CN202011457755.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王云来; 史凌昀; 文霞; 张洪海; 姚国新; 许刚
Original assignee: Changzhou Jintan District Sericulture Technology Guidance Station
Current assignee: Changzhou Jintan District Sericulture Technology Guidance Station
Priority date: 2020-12-11
Filing date: 2020-12-11
Publication date: 2021-03-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-11
Also published as: CN112544272B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree pruning, in particular to a Y-shaped fruit mulberry pruning technology, wherein in the first step, a Y-shaped shaping frame is horizontally arranged in the south-north direction, the row spacing of the Y-shaped shaping frame is 3m, and upper, middle and lower 4 steel wires are arranged; the second step is that: applying enough planting base fertilizer under the planting furrows; the third step: cultivating mulberry seedlings, namely planting and shaping the mulberry seedlings, carving buds, picking up buds, fixing branches and pulling and fixing the branches; the fourth step: applying enough base fertilizers for autumn and winter, ditching and applying enough base fertilizers; the fifth step: and (5) managing year by year. The fruit tree fruit picking machine can improve the fruit yield, can improve the soluble matter of a product, has deep and uniform fruit color, large single fruit, low fruit disease rate, better tree ornamental value, ordered arrangement of fruit branches, relatively low positions and good integrity, is more suitable for picking, is suitable for carrying out parent-child activities, attracts more tourists and improves economic benefits.

Description

Y-shaped pruning and trimming technology for fruit mulberry

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree pruning, in particular to a Y-shaped fruit mulberry pruning technology.

Background

The mulberry is originally produced in the middle and north of China and has multiple functions, leaves are silkworm feed, wood can be used as a utensil, branches can be woven into baskets, mulberry bark can be used as a paper making raw material, mulberry can be eaten and brewed, and leaves, fruits and root bark can be used as medicines.

The mulberry is popular with consumers because of the rich nutrition and health care ingredients such as amino acid, vitamins, mineral elements, anthocyanin and the like, and the mulberry has stronger participation, interest and entertainment and becomes one of the necessary leisure items in a plurality of novel agricultural parks, so the mulberry has become one of the products with the fastest development speed in the fruit industry in recent years.

The conventional mulberry tree-shaped breeding mode which takes leaves as yield targets is adopted in the conventional mulberry production management, and the mode has the following problems:

1. the tree body has high canopy density, so that poor ventilation of the middle and lower parts of mulberry branches is easily caused, the mulberries are easily infected by germs to cause diseases, and the disease rate is high;

2. the leaves at the middle and lower parts are not enough to be illuminated, the soluble solid content of the mulberry is low, and the quality is not good;

3. the leisure and appreciation is not strong, and the management of the mulberry field is inconvenient;

4. the tree body is too high, branches are messy, picking is not facilitated, and clothes are easily stained by mulberry juice.

Therefore, a pruning technique for mulberry trees is needed to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a pruning and pruning technology for mulberry, which can ensure that the tree body has good light-receiving and ventilation effects, high fruit yield, high soluble form of the product, deep and uniform fruit color, heavy single fruit, low fruit disease rate, better ornamental value and is more suitable for picking.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a mulberry Y-shaped pruning technology comprises the following specific steps:

the first step is as follows: setting a shaping frame, horizontally setting a Y-shaped shaping frame in the north-south direction, wherein the row spacing of the Y-shaped shaping frame is 3m, and setting an upper steel wire, a middle steel wire and a lower steel wire;

the second step is that: applying enough planting base fertilizer under the planting furrows;

the third step: cultivating mulberry seedlings, namely planting and shaping the mulberry seedlings, carving buds, picking up buds, fixing branches and pulling and fixing the branches;

the fourth step: applying enough base fertilizers for autumn and winter, ditching and applying enough base fertilizers;

the fifth step: and (5) managing year by year.

As a further scheme of the invention, the first step is specifically that a Y-shaped shaping frame is arranged according to the north-south direction level, the line spacing of the Y-shaped shaping frame is 3m, the upper, middle and lower 4 steel wires are arranged, the distance between the first steel wire and the ground is 35 cm, the distance between the second steel wire and the first steel wire is 60 cm, the distance between the third steel wire and the second steel wire is 80 cm, and the distance between the fourth steel wire and the third steel wire is 60 cm.

As a further scheme of the invention, the shaping frame is forked at the first steel wire, and the right angle is formed after the shaping frame is forked.

As a further scheme of the invention, the components of the base fertilizer in the second step are decomposed organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer.

As a further scheme of the invention, the mass ratio of the decomposed organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the ternary efficient compound fertilizer applied to each mu is 50:3: 1.

As a further scheme of the present invention, the third step specifically includes:

280 mulberries are planted per mu, the row spacing of the mulberries is 3m, and the plant spacing is 0.8 m. The mulberry tree cultivated newly stays at 30 cm dry date in the same year, 2 strong sprouts are remained after germination to continue growing, the rest is completely removed, when the mulberry tree grows to about 60 cm, the mulberry tree is cut off, and each branch is kept at 40 cm, and is leveled along the first steel wire;

after the branch is leveled, bud carving is carried out 0.3-0.5 cm above the bud body, so that the bud body is promoted to be regularly germinated;

after germination, 1 bud is reserved at an average interval of 10 cm, 8 robust buds are reserved for each plant to continue to grow, other buds are completely removed, and 10kg of urea and ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer are additionally applied per mu;

combining the winter management of the mulberry leaves to cut tips, and fixing all the branches on a shaping frame in a crossed manner and uniformly distributing the branches.

And as a further scheme of the invention, the fourth step is to ditch and apply enough base fertilizer on one side of the 10 months, and the base fertilizer comprises the components of decomposed organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ternary efficient compound fertilizer, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer.

As a further scheme of the invention, the mass ratio of the decomposed organic fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the ternary efficient compound fertilizer, the boron fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer applied to each mu is 1500:100:20: 1: 1.

as a further aspect of the present invention, the fifth step specifically includes:

enough spring fertilizer is applied in the germination period in the next year, and 10kg of urea and 10kg of ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer are applied in each acre;

applying 20kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer in the flower and fruit period, and pinching branches growing in the current year;

harvesting mulberry at the bottom of fruiting branches at 15 cm in summer after picking, and leaving 1-2 healthy and strong branches after germination;

combining the winter management of the mulberry leaves to cut tips, and fixing all the branches on a shaping frame in a crossed and uniform distribution manner.

As a further scheme of the invention, the mulberry is cut in summer at the same position after year-by-year picking, and the branches are crossed and fixed uniformly.

The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: as the technical scheme is adopted, 1, the tree body has good light receiving and ventilating effects, the fruit yield can be improved, the product soluble substance can be improved, the color of the fruit is deep and uniform, the single fruit is heavy, and the fruit disease rate is low;

2. the tree body ornamental performance is better, the bearing branches are orderly arranged, the positions are relatively low, the integrity is good, the picking is more suitable, parent-child activities are suitable to be carried out, and more tourists are attracted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the Y-pruning technique for mulberry trees of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, the Y-pruning technique for mulberry of the present invention comprises the following specific steps:

the first step is as follows: the method comprises the steps that a Y-shaped setting frame is set according to the north-south direction level, the line distance of the Y-shaped setting frame is 3m, upper, middle and lower 4 steel wires are set, the first steel wire is 35 cm away from the ground, the setting frame is branched at the first steel wire, the setting frame becomes a right angle after being branched, the distance between the second steel wire and the first steel wire is 60 cm, the distance between the third steel wire and the second steel wire is 80 cm, and the distance between the fourth steel wire and the third steel wire is 60 cm;

the second step is that: 2500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 150kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 50kg of ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of field planting furrows;

the third step: 280 mulberries are planted per mu, the row spacing of the mulberries is 3m, and the plant spacing is 0.8 m. The mulberry tree cultivated newly stays at 30 cm dry date in the same year, 2 strong sprouts are remained after germination to continue growing, the rest is completely removed, when the mulberry tree grows to about 60 cm, the mulberry tree is cut off, and each branch is kept at 40 cm, and is leveled along the first steel wire;

combining the winter management of the mulberry leaves to cut tips, and fixing all the branches on a shaping frame in a crossed manner and uniformly distributing;

the fourth step: ditching and applying enough base fertilizer on one side of 10 months, wherein 1500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20kg of ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer, 1kg of boron fertilizer and 1kg of zinc fertilizer are applied to each mu;

the fifth step: enough spring fertilizer is applied in the germination period in the next year, and 10kg of urea and 10kg of ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer are applied in each acre;

combining the winter management of the mulberry leaves to cut tips, and fixing all the branches on a shaping frame in a crossed and uniform distribution manner;

harvesting mulberry trees in summer at the same position year by year, and uniformly fixing the branches in a crossed manner.

3 mu are selected and compared with the conventional technology

Table 1 shows the yield per mu (Kg) of the present technology compared to the conventional technology

	1	2	3
				The present technology	2780	2720	2810
Conventional techniques	2250	2180	2290
				Increase ratio (%)	23.6	24.8	22.7

In summary, it can be seen from table 1 that the pruning technique can significantly improve the yield of mulberry.

Table 2 shows the soluble solids content (%)% per mu of product of the present technology versus conventional technology

	1	2	3
				The present technology	15.6	15.3	16.1
Conventional techniques	13.2	12.7	13.2
				Increment (%)	2.4	2.6	2.9

From the foregoing, it can be seen from table 2 that the soluble solids content of the product can be increased using the pruning technique.

Table 3 shows the comparison of the weight of the products picked 10 days before the maturation period (g) between the present technique and the conventional technique

	1	2	3
				The present technology	5.1	5.3	5.2
Conventional techniques	4.6	4.7	4.6
				Increase ratio (%)	10.87	12.76	13.04

From the above, it can be seen from table 3 that the weight of the individual product can be increased by using the pruning technique.

Table 4 shows the comparison of the fruit ratio (%)

	1	2	3
				The present technology	5.2	5.0	5.1
Conventional techniques	12.6	12.5	12.3
				Increment (%)	-7.4	-7.5	-7.2

In summary, it can be seen from table 3 that the pruning technique can reduce the fruit disease rate.

The fruit tree fruit picking machine can improve the fruit yield, can improve the soluble matter of a product, has deep and uniform fruit color, large single fruit, low fruit disease rate, better tree ornamental value, ordered arrangement of fruit branches, relatively low positions and good integrity, is more suitable for picking, is suitable for carrying out parent-child activities, attracts more tourists and improves economic benefits.

Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are merely examples and that many variations or modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A Y-shaped pruning and trimming technology for fruit mulberry is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:

the fifth step: and (5) managing year by year.

2. The Y-pruning technique for fruit mulberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the first step is specifically that a fixed Y-shaped shaping frame is arranged according to the north-south direction level, the line distance of the Y-shaped shaping frame is 3m, upper, middle and lower 4 steel wires, the distance between a first steel wire and the ground is 35 cm, the distance between a second steel wire and the first steel wire is 60 cm, the distance between a third steel wire and the second steel wire is 80 cm, and the distance between a fourth steel wire and the third steel wire is 60 cm.

3. The Y-shaped pruning technique for fruit mulberry trees according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the shaping frame is forked at the first steel wire, and the forked shaping frame forms a right angle.

4. The Y-pruning technique for fruit mulberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the components of the base fertilizer in the second step are decomposed organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer.

5. The Y-pruning technique for fruit mulberry according to claim 4, wherein: the mass ratio of the decomposed organic fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer applied to each mu is 50:3: 1.

6. The Y-pruning technique for fruit mulberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the third step specifically comprises:

280 mulberries are planted per mu, the row spacing of the mulberries is 3m, the plant spacing is 0.8m,

the mulberry tree cultivated newly stays at 30 cm dry date in the same year, 2 strong sprouts are remained after germination to continue growing, the rest is completely removed, when the mulberry tree grows to about 60 cm, the mulberry tree is cut off, and each branch is kept at 40 cm, and is leveled along the first steel wire;

7. The Y-pruning technique for fruit mulberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and fourthly, ditching and applying enough base fertilizer on one side of the 10 months, wherein the base fertilizer comprises decomposed organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ternary efficient compound fertilizer, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer.

8. The Y-pruning technique for fruit mulberry according to claim 7, wherein: the mass ratio of the decomposed organic fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer, the boron fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer applied to each mu is 1500:100:20: 1: 1.

9. the Y-pruning technique for fruit mulberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fifth step specifically includes:

10. The Y-pruning technique for fruit mulberry according to claim 9, wherein: harvesting mulberry trees in summer at the same position year by year, and uniformly fixing the branches in a crossed manner.