CN109429879A - A kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109429879A CN109429879A CN201811585691.0A CN201811585691A CN109429879A CN 109429879 A CN109429879 A CN 109429879A CN 201811585691 A CN201811585691 A CN 201811585691A CN 109429879 A CN109429879 A CN 109429879A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method, belong to fruit tree cultivation technical field, including since grafting field planting, done surely after field planting cultivation, tree body is retained into two major branches, level is taken to draw the management of branch formula.This method and traditional Japanese plum pruning technique are than having many advantages, such as that operation is early, yield is high, quality is good, manageability, being convenient for mechanized operation, and ornamental value with higher, and this method is easy to operate, convenient for farmer's implementation and Demonstration And Extension.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method specifically includes
Shaping, trimming and fertilising and etc..
Background technique
Lee is rosaceae Prunus deciduous fruit tree, and cultivation history is long, and germ plasm resource is abundant.In recent years, Lee's industry development is not
Disconnected to grow, cultivated area gradually increases.For the Japanese plum cultivated in production mostly based on traditional happy shape, the shaping period is long, enters
The best fruiting period is later, is unfavorable for early income;In addition annual winter pruning needs to spend biggish manpower, wipes out largely discarded branch
Item causes great manpower, the wasting of resources.The present invention is on the basis of the Japanese plum pruning of early period, according to many years production practices
Experience has developed a kind of novel Japanese plum shaping and trimming method, and early, yield is high, quality is good, Yi Guan with going into operation for the inventive method
The advantages that reason, makes orchard worker do sth. in advance income, provides simple to operation and reasonable pruning cultural method for peasant household, convenient for real
It applies and Demonstration And Extension.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method, and this method is scientific and reasonable, is to realize Japanese plum premature labor, high yield
With good effective ways, makes orchard worker's morning income, significantly improves economic benefit.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method, including since grafting field planting, done surely after field planting cultivation, tree body is retained two
A major branch, take it is horizontal draw the management of branch formula, the pruning cultural method the following steps are included:
(1) it shaping: 1. does surely: after Japanese plum grafting field planting First Year survives, liftoff 50 ~ 60 cm of trunk being stayed to be done surely, it is fixed dry
Selection of time carries out after winter current year is colonized;2. selecting and remain major branch: after doing calmly, selecting the Northern and Southern Dynasties from the branch grown on trunk
To two prosperous branches as major branch, to major branch it is mature before carry out North and South direction and draw branch, major branch will keep tiltedly raw and straight, and direction is most
Amount keeps horizontal, does not pinch, it is allowed to extend as far as possible;Selecting and remain for major branch carries out in spring;3. selecting and remain back fruitful branch: each major branch
5~7 fruitful branches grown up of upper configuration, distance is 15~20 cm between fruitful branch, and each fruitful branch binds small bamboo;
It is spaced 40- then up in major branch crotch first of iron wire of bondage every erectting concrete column or reinforced tube between 6~8m
60cm bondage second iron wire, according to upper bondage third road iron wire, the 4th iron wire;4. seeding row spacing 3.0 m × 2.0 m;It sets high by 2.0
~2.5 m.
(2) trim: 1. major branch is trimmed: the angle between two major branches is constant, is colonized erase for the year major branch two sides and lower part institute
There is leaf bud, stay terminal bud continued growth, major branch back removes other than the bud that 15~20 cm are grown up, remaining is completely erased.
Major branch back branch and major branch are in 90 degree of angles, are tied up on the iron wire drawn in advance with bamboo pole, direct it towards vertical-growth, constantly
Must erase the two sides grown on major branch and the lower growth branch grown of back.2. back fruitful branch is trimmed: the next winter, back of erasing
The growth branch of branch, leaves fruitful branch as far as possible, carries out the rotation culture of fruitful branch in conjunction with winter pruning to reach optimum point of production.3. fixed
Plant second year trimming: as major branch is substantially and First Year is trimmed, its outside the orthopedic back fruitful branch of First Year of erasing in time
His branch, while removing sick branch and deadwood.4. wiping out the branch handle that fruitful branch had tied fruit third year, fruitful branch is carried out more
New work, other pruning methods are the same with second year pruning method.
(3) apply fertilizer: earsh: before field planting, digging 80 × 80 × 60cm of cave, mixes native organic fertilizer, i.e. one layer of soil point two layers, and one
Layer organic fertilizer, 25kg/ plants of dosage;Field planting survive after when tender tip lamina (about 1 month) a small amount of chemical fertilizer can be applied, based on nitrogenous fertilizer,
20 ~ 25g/ plants of dosage.Later every 1~2 month Shi Yici chemical fertilizer, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, 20~25g/ plants of dosage;Winter combines clear
Garden expansion cave application organic fertilizer, 15kg/ plants of dosage, while carrying out and loosening the soil, prevention and treatment pest and disease damage work;Bearing-age tree: (1) base manure: fruit picking
(December in November -) basal dressing at the beginning of the Qiu Mozhi winter afterwards, every plant of organic fertilizer 20-30 kg, is applied using cave, cave depth 40-50cm;(2)
Strong fertilizers for potted flowers: every Zhu Geshi 0.5kg compound fertilizer and boron zinc fertilizer before blooming, using ditch spread, ditch depth 10-20cm;(3) steady fruit fertilizer: young fruit
0.5 kg of water soluble composite fertilizer 0.5-1.0kg and potash fertilizer is applied for every plant after the stone phase, using ditch spread, ditch depth 10-20cm;(4) fruit is strengthened
Fertilizer: 0.5-1.0kg high potassium compound fertilizer is applied for every plant before fruit maturation harvesting, using ditch spread, ditch depth 10-20cm.Japanese plum is compared with drought resisting, no
It is special dry year, watering can not be had to.
Further, when carrying out North and South direction drawing branch before major branch is mature in step (1) shaping, it should carry out and draw branch angle
Crack resistence measure, after being tightened angle with rope, then carry out drawing branch, and the angle of two major branches is 160~180 degree;Institute
It states and configures 5~7 fruitful branches grown up in step (1) shaping on each major branch, distance is 15~20 between fruitful branch
Cm can be with if endangered without the bud that grows up or the result branch for growing up out by pest and disease damage between 15~20 cm
Side shoot is induced by cutting back on adjacent branch, then the cultivation results branch by way of drawing branch;In step (1) shaping
It is highly 2.0~2.5m every erectting concrete column or reinforced tube between 6~8m;Step (3) fertilising organic fertilizer
For decomposed chicken manure, duck excrement or cow dung.
The present invention has the advantages that the present invention has go into operation early, yield height, product compared with traditional shaping and trimming method
Matter is good, manageability, is convenient for the advantages that mechanized operation and ornamental value with higher, and this method is easy to operate, convenient for plantation
Family is implemented and Demonstration And Extension.
(1) go into operation early: the Japanese plum third year of conventional method trimming is a small amount of as a result, the 4th year beginning large result, and the skill
Art does not need to form trunk, multilayer major branch and side shoot because tree-like, sets only one major branch entirely, and second year can be a small amount of as a result, the
3 years large results, into period of high birth;(2) yield is high: this is tree-like, and up and down without major branch, major branch is arranged in parallel, and interior thorax is empty, and illumination is filled
Foot, Quan Shu is as a result, easily reach high yield;(3) quality is good: each fruit can see light, and fruit is reasonably distributed, and fruit color is good,
Fruit is big;(4) manageability: after the tree-like First Year shaping, second year and it is later annual need to only to carry out bud picking all right, do not need into
The a large amount of branch-finishing and pruning of row is fixed tree-like, the trimming measures such as only need to simply smear, turn round, drawing, not needing heavy pruning, and that trims gives up
It is few to abandon branch, greatly saving labour;It is larger that down space is set simultaneously, is conducive to mechanized operation;(5) ornamental value is high: tree-like
Without trunk, no side shoot.On major branch directly raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the plantation of north and south row, tree-like consistent, arranged in parallel, uniform, nothing
By being adolescence or fruit season, ornamental value all with higher.Li Youzhi and high yield, Guo Nongti are realized using the method for the present invention
Early income promotes greatly improving for economic benefit, provides simple to operation and reasonable pruning cultivation side for orchard worker
Method, convenient for orchard worker's implementation and Demonstration And Extension.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that two major branch levels draw branch shape appearance figure;1.: concrete column or steel pipe;2.: iron wire;3.: major branch;4. back result
Branch.
Specific embodiment
To make the foregoing features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, special embodiment below elaborates.This hair
Bright method is conventional method in that art unless otherwise specified.
1, seedling planting is done with fixed
Annual early January plantation Fu-Rong plums grafting (scion is Fu-Rong plums, and stock is wild peach), before field planting, digging cave 80 × 80 ×
60cm divides two layers and mixes soil application organic fertilizer, i.e. one layer of soil, and one layer of organic fertilizer, is watered with root water at this time by 25kg/ plants of dosage;About 1
Plant percent is checked after week, non-work will reseed in time.Two terminal buds that North and South direction is stayed after sprouting are survived, other buds are all gone
Fall, while continual other buds of erasing, stays fixed dry at 50-60cm from the ground.
2, pruning
(1) before two North and South direction terminal buds are mature, i.e., branch color is changed into before brown by dark green carries out North and South direction drawing branch,
The branch drawn is fixed on the bracket built up in advance, while wiping out the bud of branch two sides and lower part, stays back bud continued growth.
(2) when back branch grows to 10-15cm, one is stayed to grow up branch every 20cm in back, remaining whole is wiped out,
The lower part and two sides branch that the later period extracts out from 2 major branch horizontal directions are wiped out simultaneously.
(3) when the back branch left grows to 30-40cm, bondage small bamboo allows it to continue up growth.
(4) First Year winter wipes out the growth branch germinated upwardly on back branch, leaves fruitful branch.
(5) second year trimming continues to wipe out the branch of horizontal branch two sides and lower part pumping, to winter, according to repairing for First Year
Shear method trimming.
(6) it wipes out the branch handle that fruitful branch had tied fruit third year, carries out the update work of fruitful branch, other pruning methods
It is the same with second year pruning method.
3, soil fertilizer and water management
Earsh: field planting survive after when tender tip lamina (about 1 month) a small amount of chemical fertilizer can be applied, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, 25g/ plants of dosage.
Later every 1~2 month Shi Yici chemical fertilizer, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, 25g/ plants of dosage.
Bearing-age tree: (1) base manure: (December in November -) basal dressing at the beginning of the Qiu Mozhi winter after fruit picking, every plant of 30 kg of organic fertilizer,
It is applied using cave, cave depth 50cm;(2) fertilizers for potted flowers: every Zhu Geshi 0.5kg compound fertilizer and boron zinc fertilizer before blooming is strengthened, using ditch spread, ditch depth
20cm;(3) steady fruit fertilizer: 0.5 kg of water soluble composite fertilizer 0.5kg and potash fertilizer is applied for every plant after the young fruit stone phase, using ditch spread, ditch depth
20cm;(4) fruit-promoting fertilizer: 0.5kg high potassium compound fertilizer is applied for every plant before fruit maturation harvesting, using ditch spread, ditch depth 20cm.
The organic fertilizer is decomposed chicken manure, duck excrement or cow dung;Japanese plum is not special dry year compared with drought resisting, can be with
Without watering.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method, including since grafting field planting, done surely after field planting cultivation, tree body is retained
Two major branches are taken and horizontal draw the management of branch formula, which is characterized in that the pruning cultural method the following steps are included:
(1) it shaping: 1. does surely: after Japanese plum grafting field planting First Year survives, liftoff 50 ~ 60 cm of trunk being stayed to be done surely, it is fixed dry
Selection of time carries out after winter current year is colonized;2. selecting and remain major branch: after doing calmly, selecting the Northern and Southern Dynasties from the branch grown on trunk
To two prosperous branches as major branch, to major branch it is mature before carry out North and South direction and draw branch, major branch will keep tiltedly raw and straight, and direction is most
Amount keeps horizontal, does not pinch, it is allowed to extend as far as possible;Selecting and remain for major branch carries out in spring;3. selecting and remain back fruitful branch: each major branch
5~7 fruitful branches grown up of upper configuration, distance is 15~20 cm between fruitful branch, and each fruitful branch binds small bamboo;
It is spaced 40- then up in major branch crotch first of iron wire of bondage every erectting concrete column or reinforced tube between 6~8m
60cm bondage second iron wire, according to upper bondage third road iron wire, the 4th iron wire;4. seeding row spacing 3.0 m × 2.0 m;It sets high by 2.0
~2.5 m;
(2) trim: 1. major branch is trimmed: the angle between two major branches is constant, is colonized all leaves in major branch two sides and lower part of erasing for the year
Bud stays terminal bud continued growth, and in addition to the bud grown up every 15~20 cm, remaining completely erases major branch back, major branch back
Upper branch and major branch are in 90 degree of angles, are tied up on the iron wire drawn in advance with bamboo pole, direct it towards vertical-growth, so continuous that erase
The two sides grown on major branch and the lower growth branch grown of back;2. back fruitful branch is trimmed: the next winter, the life for back branch of erasing
Long shoot leaves fruitful branch as far as possible, carries out the rotation culture of fruitful branch in conjunction with winter pruning to reach optimum point of production;3. being colonized second
Year trimming: major branch is basic as First Year trimming, other branches outside the orthopedic back fruitful branch of First Year of erasing in time,
Sick branch and deadwood are removed simultaneously;4. wiping out the branch handle that fruitful branch had tied fruit third year, the update work of fruitful branch is carried out,
Other pruning methods are the same with second year pruning method;
(3) it applies fertilizer: earsh: before field planting, digging 80 × 80 × 60cm of cave, divide two layers and mix native organic fertilizer, i.e. one layer of soil, one layer has
Machine fertilizer, 25kg/ plants of dosage;Field planting applies a small amount of chemical fertilizer when tender tip lamina after surviving, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, 20~25g/ plants of dosage;
Every 1~2 month Shi Yici chemical fertilizer, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, 20~25g/ plants of dosage;Winter combines clear garden to expand cave and applies organic fertilizer,
15kg/ plants of dosage, while carrying out and loosening the soil, prevention and treatment pest and disease damage work;Bearing-age tree: 1. base manure: Shi Ji at the beginning of the Qiu Mozhi winter after fruit picking
Fertilizer, every plant of organic fertilizer 20-30 kg, is applied using cave, cave depth 40-50cm;2. strong fertilizers for potted flowers: before blooming every plant to apply 0.5kg compound
Fertilizer and boron zinc fertilizer, using ditch spread, ditch depth 10-20cm;3. steady fruit fertilizer: applying water soluble composite fertilizer 0.5- for every plant after the young fruit stone phase
0.5 kg of 1.0 kg and potash fertilizer, using ditch spread, ditch depth 10-20cm;4. fruit-promoting fertilizer: applying 0.5- for every plant before fruit maturation harvesting
1.0kg high potassium compound fertilizer, using ditch spread, ditch depth 10-20cm.
2. a kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1) shaping
When carrying out North and South direction drawing branch before middle major branch is mature, the crack resistence measure for drawing branch angle should be carried out, is tightened angle with rope
Afterwards, then drawing branch is carried out;And two the angle of major branch be 160~180 degree.
3. a kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1) shaping
In 5~7 fruitful branches grown up are configured on each major branch, distance is 15~20 cm between fruitful branch, if 15~20
It is endangered without the bud grown up or the result branch for growing up out by pest and disease damage between cm, just leads on adjacent branch
It crosses cutting back and induces side shoot, then the cultivation results branch by way of drawing branch.
4. a kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1) shaping
In every erectting concrete column or reinforced tube between 6~8m, be highly 2.0~2.5m.
5. a kind of Japanese plum pruning cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (3) fertilising
The organic fertilizer is decomposed chicken manure, duck excrement or cow dung.
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Cited By (7)
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CN111034533A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Cultivation management method for grape rootstock scion cutting garden |
CN111108949A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-05-08 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
CN111264270A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Wide-row close planting cultivation tree form suitable for dry land apple orchard and cultivation method |
CN112544272A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 常州市金坛区蚕桑技术指导站 | Y-shaped pruning and trimming technology for fruit mulberry |
CN112806204A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-05-18 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for cultivating peaches by utilizing horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form |
CN112913556A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Fruit tree cultivation method beneficial to disease and insect prevention and control and improvement of fruit tree resource preservation efficiency |
CN113796253A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-17 | 山东农业大学 | Tree form beneficial to simplified management and early fruiting of fruit trees and construction method thereof |
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CN111034533A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Cultivation management method for grape rootstock scion cutting garden |
CN111264270A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Wide-row close planting cultivation tree form suitable for dry land apple orchard and cultivation method |
CN111108949A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-05-08 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
CN112806204A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-05-18 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for cultivating peaches by utilizing horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form |
CN112544272A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 常州市金坛区蚕桑技术指导站 | Y-shaped pruning and trimming technology for fruit mulberry |
CN112544272B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-05-03 | 常州市金坛区蚕桑技术指导站 | Y-shaped pruning and trimming method for fruit mulberry |
CN112913556A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Fruit tree cultivation method beneficial to disease and insect prevention and control and improvement of fruit tree resource preservation efficiency |
CN113796253A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-17 | 山东农业大学 | Tree form beneficial to simplified management and early fruiting of fruit trees and construction method thereof |
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