CN103081770A - Novel shed frame pear tree shape and reshaping method thereof - Google Patents
Novel shed frame pear tree shape and reshaping method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a pear tree two-arm direct-motion type shed frame tree shape which comprises a tree trunk. The tree trunk has two boughs which grow in a direct-motion mode, and base angles of the two boughs are 45 degrees. When reaching a frame-climbing point, the boughs are fixed on a horizontal shed frame in a direct-motion mode, and extended long branches of the boughs are guided onto an elevation guide line in a perpendicular mode. The boughs have long placed fruit branches which are arranged in parallel and vertically extend into intervals. Before the two boughs climb a frame, two horizontal robust side position branches which are pulled along the reverse direction to be parallel to the boughs after the horizontal robust side position branches grow upward to the frame face. The side position branches have F-shaped single-shaft long placed type fruit branches which are arranged in parallel and vertically extend to the intervals. The tree shape only has the two boughs, and therefore the problems that an inclined crown appears easily in a three-bough tree shape and the main boughs intersect are solved. The two boughs oppositely extend in a direct-motion mode and do not influence each other. The two-bough tree shape is easy to reshape, and the two boughs are easy to form after the trunk is fixed. The phenomenon of lack of branches appears in a three-bough shed frame due to the fact that sprout force of a pear tree is weak. The three shape has the advantages that cultivation density is high, early-stage output is high, light conditions are good, the branches are easy to arrange in an ordered mode, uniformity of fruit quality is high, and standardization is easy to achieve.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pomology, fruit tree field of ecology, particularly relate to the tree-like and shaping and trimming method of a kind of pear tree frame.
Background technology
Pergola system is the major way of Japan, Korea S's pear cultivation, and China has introduced relevant culture technique the nineties in last century from Japan, at present in Jiangsu, the provinces such as Shandong, Zhejiang have carried out the cultivation of frame pears.Facts have proved, frame shape is tree-like not only has a windproof advantage, also has conventionally without the tree-like unrivaled advantage of frame cultivation at the regularity aspect that improves fruit quality, especially fruit, is important way high-quality, standardized planting.Along with the raising of people's level of consumption, pergola system becomes high-quality pear cultivation inevitable choice.On the other hand, the Aging Problem of China's agricultural working population becomes increasingly conspicuous, agricultural workforce's cost improves just year by year, the pears industry is had higher requirement to light simplification, Labor-saving technology, under this background, the development of Pear trees shape is by being inexorable trend without frame to frame cultivation future development is arranged.
About pergola system, have the standardized production technology abroad, yet due to its technical sophistication, the orchard worker is difficult to grasp, and has restricted the expansion of China's frame pear tree area under cultivation.At present tree-like basically to continue to use Japonica type tradition three major branches tree-like for China's frame, and through China's application in practice of nearly 20 years, outstanding behaviours goes out following problem: the one, and trunk is partially short, and the frame face is higher.Most frame height are in the 80cm left and right, and the field operation is inconvenient; And flat frame face height is 1.9 ~ 2.0m, and the added time of branch is long, and the tree body is result under frame for a long time, and this is to cause a frame pear tree major reason of " the tree frame separates "; The 2nd, adopt three major branch shapings.It is difficult that three major branches are the distribution of hexagonal angle degree in the plane, and easily formation " partially is preced with " or is mutually crowded, and major branch is evenly distributed technical strong, and the time of shaping cost is many, and the orchard worker is difficult to grasp; The 3rd, the tree body structure is complicated.Branch is divided into major branch, secondary major branch (secondary scaffold branch), side shoot and fruit-bearing shoot cluster etc., and pruning technique is complicated, belongs to the Training system of the large crown form of traditional thin planting, and is incompatible with the modern culture technique trend of appropriate dense planting; The 4th, growth imbalance before and after the tree body.Show as that major branch tip growth potential is weak, the rear portion water sprout is many, the winter pruning amount is large, and tree crown is difficult to extend at the frame face, causes frame pear tree result evening, yields poorly; The 5th, adopt square field planting, Common Cultivation density is 5m * 5m, seeding row spacing is bigger than normal, affects early yield; Major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster bearing of trend are indefinite, tree-like easy disorder.Therefore, explore the vital task that the Pear trees shape that is fit to China's national situation has become China's pears scientific research.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to create a kind of technology simple, easy and simple to handle, can improve fruit quality pear tree frame tree-like.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of novel frame Pear trees shape, it is characterized in that: comprise the major branch that has two base angles to be the direct motion left and right extension of 45 ° on trunk, when major branch reaches at added, direct motion is fixed on horizontal rack and the major branch elongated shoot is vertically lured to cause to raise and lures on lead-in wire, has the single shaft length that is arranged in parallel, vertically stretches in the ranks to put the type fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch; Respectively also has " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster before two major branches are added.
" F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster is one parallel with major branch " oppositely branch ", have on " oppositely branch " two be arranged in parallel, vertically stretch in the ranks, 45 ° upwards grow to the frame face and put the type fruit-bearing shoot cluster in the single shaft length that the frame face extends.
High 1.7～the 1.8m of flat frame face of the tree-like employing of frame, the high 1.2～1.3m of trunk.
Single shaft length is put fruit-bearing shoot cluster main axis length 1.3m, single space spacing 35～40cm between described fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and " the oppositely branch " of " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster on described two major branches is 20cm and 40cm apart from the vertical range of major branch branching-point.
A kind of shaping methods of novel frame Pear trees shape is characterized in that following steps:
1) First Year pruning: select full bud place surely to do after seedling planting on trunk, when heading height 130～140cm, young sprout 20cm that after fixed doing, terminal bud grows, remove two, top young sprout; Select 2 young sprouts under it to do the major branch cultivation, when branch grows to 60cm, the branch base angle is pulled open, the major branch base angle is 45 °, raises to lure and draws bondage to the major branch position line, and two major branches follow to extending to both sides; When the branch growing height grows to 100cm, young sprout is vertically lured draw bondage to flat frame upper thread; When branch grows to 150cm, young sprout is lured draw bondage and lure lead-in wire to raising, can utilize bamboo pole to assist to lure when young sprout is long and draw; Competitive branch beyond major branch first pulls open its base angle, wait growing to 100cm when above, carries out " bending pruning ", auxiliary foster tree body; Putting down the season of growth autumn lures the upright major branch that draws, and is 45 degree and lures and draw bondage in flat frame face; Remove the competitive branch of major branch elongated shoot during winter pruning, the tip elongated shoot selects side position bud to carry out light cutting back; Back bud on major branch adopts " reverse bullet fall method " erase all, sends out to reduce taking out of Second Year back branch; Cross prosperous branch on trunk and remove from base portion, all the other branches are slow to be put;
2) Second Year pruning: similar to First Year, the season of growth uprightly lures the major branch elongated shoot draws, and keeps the shoot growth gesture; The young sprout of sprouting for part under the frame of major branch adopts the season of growth " staying the side method on dredging " to dredge the tip, and the healthy and strong branch of side position young sprout choosing that stays is used for " the oppositely branch " of " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultivates;
Young sprout on trunk carries out " bending pruning " after pulling open the base angle branch, auxiliary foster tree body; The season of growth drags down major branch elongated shoot last year to the frame face gradually, and adjusts the young sprout angle, keeps its vertical growth gesture; Autumn major branch elongated shoot young sprout stop long after, it is 45 ° lures to cause to raise and lure on lead-in wire, during winter pruning, the position cutting back is enriched in the choosing of major branch elongated shoot;
Adopt " method that removes without offspring " to remove to the prosperous branch of major branch back, what the adnation branch was overstocked removes, and notes cutting saw kerf and smears the Wound protective agent protection; During winter, major branch has been realized added to Second Year;
3) pruning in the 3rd year: after major branch was added, at first the pruning task was to promote major branch to extend at the frame face, will adhere to raising to lure drawing to the major branch elongated shoot, keeps its growth vigor; Next is that " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated single shaft length on added and frame face and put fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultivate added;
" F " shape single shaft length is put the fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method: the Second Year season of growth " dredges and directly stays tiltedly ", the side position branch of selecting and remain, select respectively 2 healthy and strong side position branches during winter pruning apart from its branching-point 28cm and 56cm place on two major branches, oppositely be pulled to another major branch bearing of trend to namely reverse of level, oppositely branch is respectively 20cm and 40cm apart from the vertical range of major branch branching-point; During winter pruning " oppositely branch " stay the 60cm upper bud cutting back of selecting and remain, then apart from its branching-point 20cm side position bud of selecting and remain, eliminate back bud on reverse branch with scissors; Raise after the branch pumping to lure and draw apart from branching-point 20cm place's side position branch and clip bud to erectility, formation 1.6m is above, 2 balanced long shoots of growth potential, autumn, 60 ° of oblique pulls were stretched in the ranks, slow putting during winter pruning, after second year's harvest is spent, even up added autumn, forms " F " shape single shaft length and put fruit-bearing shoot cluster; " F " opposite direction on two major branches, the left and right is stretched in the ranks;
On frame, single shaft length is put the cultural method of fruit-bearing shoot cluster and is: select behind branch or side position branch on major branch, stay the heavy cutting back of 1 bud at branch 15 ~ 20cm place, remove clip bud other bud in addition, the pumping young sprout uprightly lures to guide to raise again and lures on lead-in wire, inspiring the above prosperous branch of 1.6m lures in 60 ° of autumns then and draws short its and form axillary bud, the branch that forms axillary bud is evened up then and allow result in its in next year winter, cultivates single shaft length and puts fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Become flower, keep 60 ° of angles to lure during winter pruning and draw, even up again after forming fruit spur next year; All adopt the one-sided spacing 35 ~ 40cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and are vertical with the major branch bearing of trend, stretch in the ranks.
" reverse bullet falls " method when referring to winter pruning, to annual major branch elongated shoot and annual slow all the back buds put on branch of single shaft fruit-bearing shoot cluster, falls to branch base portion bullet from the branch tip with finger (wearing gloves).
The season of growth " spreads and stays side " and smears tip method, refers to the young sprout sprouted on for clip in spring, removes back section young sprout, keeps side position young sprout, as the cultivation of single shaft fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
" without offspring removing " method: refer to carry out when removing degree of depth saw and remove, thoroughly remove by the kryptoblast of saw branch base portion, make this position no longer include new branch and take out and send out.
" the auxiliary foster method of bending pruning ": refer to competitive branch the first transaction of a day's business base angle, branch length reaches 100cm when above, and crooked tip removes this branch again to its base portion during winter pruning.
Beneficial effect
1, the present invention is an important technology innovation on conventional pear tree " three major branches " frame tree-like basis.The tree-like result of " both arms direct motion formula " frame is simple, is only two major branches, has overcome that three major branches are tree-like and be prone to the problem of " lacking branch ", " hat partially ", " major branch intersection "; The two relative direct motions of major branch are extended, and are independent of each other, and illumination condition is good; No longer establish secondary major branch and side shoot on major branch, direct the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of giving birth to, branch progression is few, and is simple in structure; On fruit-bearing shoot cluster no longer give birth to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, realize that single shaft length puts result, easily accomplish proper alignment, fruit is large, product are of fine quality and regularity is high, easily realizes the standardization of cultivation management; Its operating technology is simple, is easily applied.
2, " both arms direct motion formula " " direct motion formula " during frame is tree-like is a crucial innovative point of patent of the present invention, this tree-like flat shed frame type of a kind of new and improved pear tree (i.e. " three line one sides " or " two line one sides " posture) with application on the same day carries out supporting, produces good effect.Because " raise and lure lead-in wire " direction on " major branch position line " and frame under the frame of the major branch bearing of trend of two major branches and " three lines one sides " or " two lines one sides " posture is consistent, for in the major branch incubation draw branch to lure to draw, tip raises and brings great convenience, and accelerated the cultivation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster on the added and major branch of major branch.To becoming consistent, fruit-bearing shoot cluster becomes two rows in the even proper alignment in the major branch left and right sides to major branch elongated shoot direction with row, the manager can direct motion to fruit-bearing shoot cluster is carried out bookkeeping one by one, reduced repetition or the omission in the field management; Major branch shaping process only needs 1 bamboo pole to stablize trunk, and the major branch shaping does not generally need bamboo pole auxiliary, can solve luring in the major branch cultivation and draw and added problem, saves the shaping costs than conventional three major branch frames, and it is easier to operate.
3, the present invention in the design of tree-like and posture by " promotion ", " falling frame ", the pergola system pattern of formation " high level cadre hangs down frame ", i.e. the high 1.2 ~ 1.3m of trunk is between Japan's compromise type posture (0.7-0.9m) and Northeast formula posture (1.5m); High 1.7 ~ the 1.8m of frame is than China conventional frame height 1.9 ~ 2m decline 20cm left and right.Trunk and frame face height make branch easier to be added, lay a good foundation for overcoming " the tree frame separates " problem.The shed frame type of Japan adopts the messenger wire formula, and after the consideration result, the canopy face is sagging, and China's frame adopts the column support type horizontal rack, and the canopy face sagging problem after result is not obvious.Therefore, the high 1.7 ~ 1.8m of frame is proper.This highly also can realize the mechanized operation in field fully.In addition, frame height is not in the past considered the ridging factor, and the frame height 1.7-1.8m of this patent definition is the not heading height during ridging of frame theatre, level land, and under the condition of ridging, this be highly the extremely height of flat canopy face of furrow.For example when ridging 20cm, the height of furrow and flat canopy face is 1.7 ~ 1.8m, the height of ridge upper ground surface and flat frame face is 1.5-1.6m, the trunk height drops to 1.0 ~ 1.1m, too do not emphasize the trunk height in the shaping process, and emphasize the major branch branching-point apart from the vertical range (50cm left and right) of canopy face, major branch is added so can not be affected because frame frame face height is uneven.China tradition frame theatre frame height 1.9 ~ 2.0m, when ridging, in fact the distance of furrow and canopy face reaches 2.1 ~ 2.2m, has affected branch added.Vertical range at major branch branching-point and frame face is under the condition of 50cm, and major branch is added, and easily the idle space under frame between major branch branching-point and added point is less, and the added rear extension of major branch is also fast, and added technology can realize standardization.
4, planting density of the present invention adopts " wide strain narrow row ", and seeding row spacing is 4m * 3m, and the 6-8m * 6-8m of gap ratio Japan and the plantation density of China 5m * 5m are large, it is a kind of close planting type pergola system mode, tree crown is " rectangular " shape, clear in structure, and the fertility level in tree body and China theatre adapts.It is clearly the wider space of major branch between strain, the wider space of single major branch is 2m, major branch end of the branch handing-over can be realized between strain in 2 ~ 3 years, if soil fertility condition is good, its " scaling " combination can be allowed, namely establishing permanent tree and interim tree, forever set on the frame face and further extend, set major branch progressively compressed temporarily, last intermediate cutting, the strain spacing becomes 8m, and the development length of major branch becomes 4m; Be clearly in the ranks the wider space of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, main shaft 1.3m fruit-bearing shoot cluster can be completed in 2 years, and therefore, such density can realize the fast rapid-result garden in frame theatre, has improved early yield.
5, the inventor takes into full account the simplification that frame is high, do height and operation, designs " F " fruit-bearing shoot cluster under frame, and this is one of important innovative point of this patent.The application of " F " fruit-bearing shoot cluster has fundamentally solved the major branch bifurcation to the neutral gear problem between added point." F " fruit-bearing shoot cluster adopts " oppositely delaying cultivation ", namely pass through the transitional function of " oppositely branch ", make the incubation time of fruit-bearing shoot cluster delay 1 year, avoided on traditional tree-like lower major branch direct give birth to fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cause and the major branch elongated shoot between Competition for Nutrients." F " fruit-bearing shoot cluster by one " oppositely branch " and on it two single shaft length of giving birth to put fruit-bearing shoot cluster and form, " oppositely branch " is horizontal, the single shaft length on it is put fruit-bearing shoot cluster and is vertical configuration with reverse.And two " oppositely branches " of different major branches are in a vertical plane, vertical interval apart from branching-point is respectively 20cm and 40cm, added horizontal by the 45° angle degree, 42cm and 14cm that the single shaft length on " the oppositely branch " of two major branches is put fruit-bearing shoot cluster can reach the frame face.Because the frame face pulls into nettedly by the 50cm specification, therefore, " F " fruit-bearing shoot cluster can the contact bar face at first by-pass place of distance field planting point main line both sides 50cm, and added speed is fast.
6, the present invention adopts uprightly to lure in the shaping process and draws method, has promoted the rapid elongation of branch, when improving frame pears biological yield, has also improved the effective rate of utilization of branch, is conducive to overcome the weak problem of the tree-like major branch tip of frame growth potential.
7, the present invention adopts " reverse bullet fall method ", the season of growth " stay side on dredging " method, " thinning without offspring ", effectively having controlled taking out of water sprout sends out, be the obstacle that the extension of major branch has been cleared away, be conducive to that frame is tree-like overcomes the winter pruning amount is large, result is late, yield poorly problem.
8, patent of the present invention adopts " the auxiliary foster method of bending pruning ", both reduced the Competition for Nutrients of competitive branch to elongated shoot, keep again the auxiliary foster tree body of more leaf area, overcome the deficiency of the two tree-like early stage leaf areas of major branch, favourable trunk increases slightly, this processing method to competitive branch is better than drawing merely a method, for the important function that promotes to be shaped this tree-like morning, precocity fruiting has been played.
Description of drawings
The tree-like schematic diagram of Fig. 1 pear tree frame " both arms direct motion formula "
The 0 trunk 1 major branch 2 flat frame face of major branch elongated shoot A major branch position line B C raise lure the lead-in wire D capable to
Fig. 2 pear tree " both arms direct motion formula " tree-like schematic top plan view of frame
0 trunk 1 major branch 2 major branch elongated shoot 3 single shaft length are put fruit-bearing shoot cluster 4 oppositely 6 lower spaces of the branch 5 added points of major branch (in dotted line)
Fig. 3
" F " shape single shaft length is put the added figure of fruit-bearing shoot cluster
0 trunk 1 major branch 3 single shaft length are put the F shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster that 4 reverse E rack line F of fruit-bearing shoot cluster are comprised of " oppositely branch " and two " single shaft length is put fruit-bearing shoot cluster "
Fig. 4
Fixed doing and the branch management of the First Year season of growth
0 trunk 1 major branch 7 surely do 8 remove top 2 buds 9 fixedly major branch to the major branch position line
10 raise to lure and cause flat frame face 11 and raise to lure to cause and raise position line
Fig. 5
The reverse bullet method that falls
The 11 back bud bullets front 12 back bud bullets that fall fall behind
Fig. 6
Stay side method on dredging summer
14 side position branch 15 back branches are pruned off for 16 summers
Fig. 7
The method (right side) that removes without offspring contrasts with conventional thinning (left side)
17 conventional thinning saw kerfs 18 are without offspring removes lower saw point 19 method saw kerf 20 saw kerf bottoms of removing without offspring without kryptoblast
The auxiliary foster method of Fig. 8 bending pruning
The 21 fixed dried front trunks of bending prunings 22
Be described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Pear tree " both arms direct motion formula " frame is tree-like: comprise trunk, there are two base angles to be the direct motion of 45 degree along long major branch on trunk, when major branch reaches at added, direct motion is fixed on horizontal rack and the major branch elongated shoot is vertically lured to cause to raise and lures on lead-in wire, has the length that is arranged in parallel, vertically stretches in the ranks to put fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch; Respectively also has the long type fruit-bearing shoot cluster of putting of " F " shape before added on two major branches.The long type fruit-bearing shoot cluster of putting of " F " shape is a reverse branch parallel with major branch, and oppositely branch has two to be arranged in parallel, vertically to stretch in the ranks, 45 spend the length that upwards grows to the frame face and be fixed on the frame face and put the type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Field planting shaping process then: A does surely; B removes top 2 buds; C fixedly major branch to the major branch position line; D raises to lure and causes flat frame face and raise position line.
" reverse bullet falls " method: when referring to winter pruning, erase to the branch base portion from the branch tip with finger (wearing gloves) for annual major branch and annual slow upper all the back bud of putting of single shaft fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
" spread and stay side " and smear tip method: refer to erase for the branch on clip when spring, young sprout grew to 10cm, keep the side branch, as the cultivation of single shaft fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
" without offspring removing " method: refer to remove from base portion.Carry out degree of depth saw when removing and remove, thoroughly remove by the kryptoblast of saw branch base portion, make this position no longer include new branch and take out and send out.Remove after and Wound protective agent support the use.
Long shoot bending pruning method i.e. " auxiliary support branch length is put and is drawn a bending pruning combined techniques ": refer to that to spring all branches except the back branch keep, adopt the method for drawing branch softening for competitive branch, allow its angle open a business, branch length reaches 60cm when above, take the method for bending pruning, a plurality of auxiliary support branches are tied, except a little less than forcing to stay on, keep weak branch during winter pruning.Can overcome major branch few, trunk increases thick slow, the problem that tree vigo(u)r is weak.
Embodiment
Experimental cultivar of the present invention is emerald green hat, chrysanthemum, carries out " both arms direct motion formula " tree-like shaping of frame, and the major branch frame is tree-like compares with conventional three.
" both arms direct motion formula " frame pear tree shape shaping method is the utility model patent of applying on the same day---the flat shed frame type of a kind of new and improved pear tree (i.e. " three lines one side " or " two lines one sides " posture) supporting tree-like.High 1.7～the 1.8m of frame frame face of pear tree " both arms direct motion formula " the tree-like employing of frame, the high 1.2～1.3m of trunk, 2 major branches, the 2nd major branch do without the center apart from frame face 50cm, and therefore two major branch direct motions are referred to as " both arms direct motion formula " frame tree-like to cultivation.Planting density adopts " wide strain narrow row ", and seeding row spacing is 4m * 3m.Be not equipped with side shoot on major branch, evenly fruit-bearing shoot cluster, stretch between strain.After major branch is added, under frame, the position utilizes major branch to take out to send out side position branch is cultivated " oppositely branch ", above " oppositely branch " give birth to that on two, fruit-bearing shoot cluster consists of " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster together with reverse branch, " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster is filled up the frame space of planes on major branch bifurcation top.Added rear one-sided every 35 ~ 40cm direct give birth to the long 1.3m single shaft of a main shaft length and put fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
By the following technical solutions:
1) First Year pruning: select full bud place surely to do after seedling planting on trunk, the full bud place cutting back at the middle part of the general inadequate heading height of heading height 130～140cm(, after selecting a prosperous branch uprightly to lure after the young sprout pumping to draw, row is fixed again does for Second Year), when this patent reality is done surely, the second major branch branching-point is defined as 50cm apart from the height of canopy face.During young sprout 20cm that after fixed doing, terminal bud grows, remove two, top young sprout; Select to the left and right 2 young sprouts in the base portion direct motion and make major branch and cultivate, when branch grows to 60cm, the branch base angle is pulled open, the major branch base angle is 45 °, raises to lure and draws bondage (Fig. 4-A), two major branches follow to extending to both sides to the major branch position line; When the branch growing height grows to 100cm, young sprout is vertically lured draw bondage to flat frame upper thread; When branch grows to 150cm, young sprout is lured draw bondage and lure on lead-in wire to raising, can utilize bamboo pole to assist to lure when young sprout is long and draw; Competitive branch beyond major branch first pulls open its base angle, wait growing to 100cm when above, carries out " bending pruning " (Fig. 8), auxiliary foster tree body.Putting down the season of growth autumn lures the upright major branch that draws, and is 45 degree and lures and draw bondage in flat frame face.Remove the competitive branch of major branch elongated shoot during winter pruning, the tip elongated shoot selects side position bud to carry out light cutting back; Back bud on major branch adopts " reverse bullet fall method " erase all, sends out to reduce taking out of Second Year back branch.Cross prosperous branch on trunk and remove from base portion, all the other branches are slow to be put.
2) Second Year pruning: similar to First Year, the season of growth uprightly lures the major branch elongated shoot draws, and keeps the shoot growth gesture; The young sprout of sprouting for part under the frame of major branch adopts the season of growth " staying the side method on dredging ", dredges the tip, and the healthy and strong branch of side position young sprout choosing that stays is used for " the oppositely branch " of " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultivates.Young sprout on trunk carries out " bending pruning " after pulling open the base angle branch, auxiliary foster tree body; The season of growth drags down major branch elongated shoot last year to the frame face gradually, and adjusts the young sprout angle, keeps its vertical growth gesture; Autumn major branch elongated shoot young sprout stop long after, it is 45 degree lures to cause to raise and lure on lead-in wire, during winter pruning, the position cutting back is enriched in the choosing of major branch elongated shoot.Adopt " method that removes without offspring " to remove to the prosperous branch of major branch back, what the adnation branch was overstocked removes, and notes cutting saw kerf and smears the Wound protective agent protection.During winter, major branch has been realized added to Second Year.About the tree-like added technology of major branch of " both arms direct motion formula " frame, the applicant is in applying on the same day patent of invention---the quick added method of a kind of frame pear tree major branch.
3) pruning in the 3rd year: " both arms direct motion formula " after major branch was added, at first the pruning task was to promote major branch to extend at the frame face, will adhere to raising to lure drawing to the major branch elongated shoot, keeps its growth vigor; Next is that " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated single shaft length on added and frame face and put fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultivate added.
" F " shape single shaft length is put the fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method: the Second Year season of growth after fixed doing " dredges and directly stays tiltedly ", the side position branch of selecting and remain, select respectively 2 healthy and strong side position branches during winter pruning apart from its branching-point 28cm and 56cm place on two major branches, oppositely be pulled to another major branch bearing of trend to level (this branch is called " oppositely branch "), oppositely branch is respectively 20cm and 40cm apart from the vertical range of major branch branching-point.During winter pruning " oppositely branch " stay the 60cm upper bud cutting back of selecting and remain, then apart from its branching-point 20cm side position bud of selecting and remain, eliminate back bud on " oppositely branch " with scissors; Raise after the branch pumping to lure and draw apart from branching-point 20cm place's side position branch and clip bud to erectility (Tipping of all the other sproutings is controlled), formation 1.6m is above, 2 balanced long shoots of growth potential, autumn, oblique pull 60 degree stretched in the ranks, slow putting during winter pruning, after second year's harvest is spent, even up added autumn, forms " F " shape single shaft length and put fruit-bearing shoot cluster, fills up the frame space of planes on major branch bifurcation top." F " opposite direction on two major branches, in the ranks (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) stretched in the left and right.This lower fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method is called " oppositely delaying cultivation ", namely by the transitional function of " oppositely branch ", makes the incubation time of fruit-bearing shoot cluster delay 1 year, avoided direct on major branch and given birth to fruit-bearing shoot cluster and produce Competition for Nutrients with the major branch elongated shoot.
On frame, single shaft length is put the cultural method of fruit-bearing shoot cluster and is: select behind branch or side position branch on major branch, stay the heavy cutting back of 1 bud at branch 15 ~ 20cm place, remove clip bud other bud in addition, the pumping young sprout uprightly lures to guide to raise again and lures on lead-in wire, inspires the above prosperous branch of 1.6m.Because the rich water reason does not become the above long shoot of 1.6m then, winter is at substantial bud place cutting back, after selecting again next year the clip branch uprightly to lure to draw again row cultivate.Lure in 60 ° of autumns then and draw short its and form axillary bud, the branch that forms axillary bud is evened up then and allow result in its in next year winter, cultivates single shaft length and puts fruit-bearing shoot cluster (Fig. 2-3); Become flower, keep 60 ° of angles to lure during winter pruning and draw, even up again after forming fruit spur next year; All adopt fruit-bearing shoot cluster spacing 35 ~ 40cm, and are vertical with the major branch bearing of trend, stretch in the ranks.About the cultural method of fruit-bearing shoot cluster on the tree-like frame of " both arms direct motion formula " frame, the applicant is in applying on the same day patent of invention---and a kind of novel frame pear tree is cultivated branch group cultural method.
Described " three line one sides " posture is the flat shed frame type of the new and improved pear tree of a kind of pear tree.Adopt the pear tree of this pergola system to adopt " wide strain narrow row " field planting, seeding row spacing is 4m * 3m.The direct motion on the basis of the flat frame of routine of this frame to setting up from bottom to up three iron wires, consists of " three lines one side " posture together with flat frame face, namely under frame, 30cm draws one and rolls off the production line by (" major branch position line "), is used for the major branch location, removes after major branch is added; On frame on the direct motion concrete column 50cm draw one and reach the standard grade (" raising position line "), be used for raising to lure and drawing of major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster; On frame, 1.6m sets up the bird prevention net line.The advantage of this posture is vertically to have increased " major branch position line " and " raising position line " two shaping boost lines, be convenient to the maintenance of the tip extending head growth potential of branch after added and added, be conducive to overcome the problem that the tree-like major branch tip growth of traditional frame is weak, water sprout is many, yield poorly, for simplification and Labor-saving that frame is tree-like have been created condition.
Described " two line one sides " posture is the reduced form of " three line one sides " posture, and trammel net post in the air and bird prevention net line keep by " major branch position line " and " raise and lure lead-in wire ".
" reverse bullet falls " method when referring to winter pruning, to annual major branch elongated shoot and annual slow all the back buds put on branch of single shaft fruit-bearing shoot cluster, falls to branch base portion bullet from the branch tip with finger (wearing gloves).
The season of growth " spreads and stays side " and smears tip method, refers to the young sprout sprouted on for clip in spring, removes back section young sprout, keeps side position young sprout, as the cultivation of single shaft fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
" without offspring removing " method: refer to carry out when removing degree of depth saw and remove, thoroughly remove by the kryptoblast of saw branch base portion, make this position no longer include new branch and take out and send out.Remove after and Wound protective agent support the use.
" the auxiliary foster method of bending pruning ": refer to competitive branch the first transaction of a day's business base angle, branch length reaches 100cm when above, and crooked tip removes this branch again to its base portion during winter pruning.
Result of the test shows, " both arms direct motion formula " frame tree-like with conventional " three major branch frames " tree-like the comparing of pear tree, every 667m
2The fruit per unit area yield improves 42.1～58.0%, and content of fruit soluble solids improves 0.2～0.3%, and the treelet shaping amount of labour used reduces 4.1～4.4, and shaping drops into and reduces 56.7%, and shaping childhood was completed ahead of time in 2 years.
Pear tree canopy structure, the pruning of two kinds of shaping methods plantation number, Fruit yield and quality index, the amount of labour used and shaping in required year drop into and see Table 1, table 2.
Tree-like canopy structure and the required year number of shaping with conventional " three major branches " frame shape of table 1 pear tree " both arms direct motion formula " frame compares
The yield and quality of tree-like and conventional " three major branches " the frame shape of table 2 pear tree " both arms direct motion formula " frame and shaping input ratio are
Claims (9)
1. novel frame Pear trees shape, it is characterized in that: comprise the major branch that has two base angles to be the direct motion left and right extension of 45 ° on trunk, when described major branch reaches at added, direct motion is fixed on horizontal rack and the major branch elongated shoot is vertically lured to cause to raise and lures on lead-in wire, has the single shaft length that is arranged in parallel, vertically stretches in the ranks to put the type fruit-bearing shoot cluster on described major branch; Respectively also has " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster before described two major branches are added.
2. frame as claimed in claim 1 is tree-like, it is characterized in that: described " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster is one parallel with major branch " oppositely branch ", have on described " oppositely branch " two be arranged in parallel, vertically stretch in the ranks, 45 ° upwards grow to the frame face and put the type fruit-bearing shoot cluster in the single shaft length that the frame face extends.
3. frame as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is tree-like, it is characterized in that: the high 1.7～1.8m of flat frame face of the tree-like employing of described frame, the high 1.2～1.3m of trunk.
4. frame as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is tree-like, it is characterized in that: described single shaft length is put fruit-bearing shoot cluster main axis length 1.3m, spacing 35～40cm in separate room between described fruit-bearing shoot cluster, " the oppositely branch " of " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster on described two major branches is 20cm and 40cm apart from the vertical range of major branch branching-point.
5. the shaping methods of a novel frame Pear trees shape is characterized in that following steps:
1) First Year pruning: select full bud place surely to do after seedling planting on trunk, when heading height 130～140cm, young sprout 20cm that after fixed doing, terminal bud grows, remove two, top young sprout; Select 2 young sprouts under it to do the major branch cultivation, when branch grows to 60cm, the branch base angle is pulled open, the major branch base angle is 45 °, raises to lure and draws bondage to the major branch position line, and two major branches follow to extending to both sides; When the branch growing height grows to 100cm, young sprout is vertically lured draw bondage to flat frame upper thread; When branch grows to 150cm, young sprout is lured draw bondage and lure lead-in wire to raising, can utilize bamboo pole to assist to lure when young sprout is long and draw; Competitive branch beyond major branch first pulls open its base angle, wait growing to 100cm when above, carries out " bending pruning ", auxiliary foster tree body; Putting down the season of growth autumn lures the upright major branch that draws, and is 45 degree and lures and draw bondage in flat frame face; Remove the competitive branch of major branch elongated shoot during winter pruning, the tip elongated shoot selects side position bud to carry out light cutting back; Back bud on major branch adopts " reverse bullet fall method " erase all, sends out to reduce taking out of Second Year back branch; Cross prosperous branch on trunk and remove from base portion, all the other branches are slow to be put;
2) Second Year pruning: similar to First Year, the season of growth uprightly lures the major branch elongated shoot draws, and keeps the shoot growth gesture; The young sprout of sprouting for part under the frame of major branch adopts the season of growth " staying the side method on dredging " to dredge the tip, and the healthy and strong branch of side position young sprout choosing that stays is used for " the oppositely branch " of " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultivates;
Young sprout on trunk carries out " bending pruning " after pulling open the base angle branch, auxiliary foster tree body; The season of growth drags down major branch elongated shoot last year to the frame face gradually, and adjusts the young sprout angle, keeps its vertical growth gesture; Autumn major branch elongated shoot young sprout stop long after, it is 45 ° lures to cause to raise and lure on lead-in wire, during winter pruning, the position cutting back is enriched in the choosing of major branch elongated shoot;
Adopt " method that removes without offspring " to remove to the prosperous branch of major branch back, what the adnation branch was overstocked removes, and notes cutting saw kerf and smears the Wound protective agent protection; During winter, major branch has been realized added to Second Year;
3) pruning in the 3rd year: after major branch was added, at first the pruning task was to promote major branch to extend at the frame face, will adhere to raising to lure drawing to the major branch elongated shoot, keeps its growth vigor; Next is that " F " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated single shaft length on added and frame face and put fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultivate added;
Described " F " shape single shaft length is put the fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method: the Second Year season of growth " dredges and directly stays tiltedly ", the side position branch of selecting and remain, select respectively 2 healthy and strong side position branches during winter pruning apart from its branching-point 28cm and 56cm place on two major branches, oppositely being pulled to another major branch bearing of trend to level is " oppositely branch ", and " oppositely branch " is respectively 20cm and 40cm apart from the vertical range of major branch branching-point; During winter pruning " oppositely branch " stay the 60cm upper bud cutting back of selecting and remain, then apart from its branching-point 20cm side position bud of selecting and remain, eliminate back bud on reverse branch with scissors; Raise after the branch pumping to lure and draw apart from branching-point 20cm place's side position branch and clip bud to erectility, formation 1.6m is above, 2 balanced long shoots of growth potential, autumn, 60 ° of oblique pulls were stretched in the ranks, slow putting during winter pruning, after second year's harvest is spent, even up added autumn, forms " F " shape single shaft length and put fruit-bearing shoot cluster; " F " opposite direction on two major branches, the left and right is stretched in the ranks;
The cultural method that described upper single shaft length is put fruit-bearing shoot cluster is: select behind branch or side position branch on major branch, stay the heavy cutting back of 1 bud at branch 15 ~ 20cm place, remove clip bud other bud in addition, the pumping young sprout uprightly lures to guide to raise again and lures on lead-in wire, inspires the above prosperous branch of 1.6m; Lure in 60 ° of autumns then and draw short its and form axillary bud, the branch that forms axillary bud is evened up then and allow result in its in next year winter, cultivates single shaft length and puts fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Become flower, keep 60 ° of angles to lure during winter pruning and draw, even up again after forming fruit spur next year; All adopt the one-sided spacing 35 ~ 40cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and are vertical with the major branch bearing of trend, stretch in the ranks.
6. shaping methods as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described " reverse bullet falls " method, when referring to winter pruning, to annual major branch elongated shoot and annual slow all the back buds put on branch of single shaft fruit-bearing shoot cluster, fall to branch base portion bullet from the branch tip with finger (wearing gloves).
7. shaping methods as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that: the described season of growth " spreads and stays side " and smears tip method, refers to the young sprout sprouted on for clip in spring, removes back section young sprout, keeps side position young sprout, as the cultivation of single shaft fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
8. shaping methods as described in claim 5 or 6 is characterized in that: described " without offspring removing " method: refer to that carrying out degree of depth saw when removing removes, thoroughly remove by the kryptoblast of saw branch base portion, make this position no longer include new branch and take out and send out.
9. shaping methods as described in claim 5 or 6 is characterized in that: described " the auxiliary foster method of bending pruning ": refer to competitive branch the first transaction of a day's business base angle, branch length reaches 100cm when above, and crooked tip removes this branch again to its base portion during winter pruning.
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| CN115843603A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-28 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Novel summer branch pulling method for shed frame pear trees |
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Application publication date: 20130508 Assignee: Hubei Yifanberry Ecological Agriculture Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: INSTITUTE OF FRUIT AND TEA, HUBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2022420000082 Denomination of invention: A new type of trellis pear tree shape and its shaping method Granted publication date: 20140312 License type: Common License Record date: 20220907 Application publication date: 20130508 Assignee: Guangshui City Baoli Farmers Planting Professional Cooperative Assignor: INSTITUTE OF FRUIT AND TEA, HUBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2022420000084 Denomination of invention: A new type of trellis pear tree shape and its shaping method Granted publication date: 20140312 License type: Common License Record date: 20220908 |
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Application publication date: 20130508 Assignee: Jingshan Nianhe Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Assignor: INSTITUTE OF FRUIT AND TEA, HUBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2022420000088 Denomination of invention: A new type of trellis pear tree shape and its shaping method Granted publication date: 20140312 License type: Common License Record date: 20220913 |