CN105009910A - High-quality labor-saving shaping cultivation method for peach tree - Google Patents
High-quality labor-saving shaping cultivation method for peach tree Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-quality labor-saving shaping cultivation method for a peach tree. The method specifically comprises the steps that after field planting is carried out, two strong branches or strong shoots are selected at the position 1.2-1.3 m high of a trunk of a seedling and cultivated into two main branches growing in opposite directions, wherein a base angle of 45 degrees is formed between the two main branches; a frame structure suitable for labor-saving shaping is put up, a cross arm 2 m long is horizontally erected at the upper end of each stand column 1.8 m high from the ground, six pull wires are arranged between the two sides of the cross arms in a pulled mode, a main pull wire is arranged between the positions, 30 cm below the cross arms, of the stand columns in a pulled mode, and the six pull wires and the main pull wire form a frame face together. When reaching the main pull wire, the main branches are fixed to the main pull wire, extending branches of the main branches are lured to luring rods forming a 45-degree angle relative to the main pull wire, and in autumn, the two main branches are pressed downward slowly to be tied and fixed to the main pull wire. According to the method, the branch advantage of a tree body can be controlled, a crown forms fast, crown structure cultivation can be finished in two years generally after the field planting is carried out, and then the tree begins to enter the primary fruit stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dimension stereo agriculture planting method, be specifically related to a kind of peach high-quality Labor-saving form culture method.
Background technology
Peach: be subordinate to peach and belong to, Prunoideae, Rosales, Dicotyledoneae, the Angiospermae of spermatophyta, vegetative kingdom.Originating in NORTHWEST CHINA area, is one of the most ancient fruit tree of China.The defoliation small arbor of a kind of fruit as fruit, delicious flavour, nutritious, be one of fresh fruit of liking the most of people.Except eating raw, also can be processed into the dry and peach can of preserved peach, peach butter, peach juice, peach.The a lot of part of peach also has medical value, and its root, leaf, flower, benevolence can be used as medicine, and has cough-relieving, invigorates blood circulation, the function such as defaecation, and peach kernel oil content 45%, can squeeze iundustrial oil, and peach-pit duricrust can preparing active carbon, is the multiduty raw material of industry.Main Economic cultivation area in North China, East China each province, according to statistics in 2013 whole nation area under cultivation more than 1165.5 ten thousand mu, produce 1194.8 ten thousand tons, peach, account for 47% of the world, 46% respectively, rank first in the world.Peach have result early, high yield stability is good, requires not too strict, the features such as cultivation management is easy to soil condition.Compare with other deciduous fruit tree such as Cultivated apple, pears, more easily can obtain economic benefit sooner, therefore be subject to the favor of grower especially.Peach fruit price in the international market often exceeds 1 ~ 2 times of apple, and economic benefit is very considerable.From now on along with the development of national economy, the raising of living standards of the people, the improvement of storage and transportation equipment and technology, the price of peach fruit and economic benefit can rise year by year,
In current production, the tree-like of peach is generally two major branches, three major branches, natural opening cardioid, thin layer shape etc.But said method is tree-like slowly shaping, and enter fruiting period evening.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of peach high-quality Labor-saving form culture method.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
A kind of peach high-quality Labor-saving form culture method, comprise the following steps: First Year: 2 ~ 3 full buds of selecting and remain after seedling planting are done surely, determine top, cadre position leaf bud sprouting young sprout Culture Center and do upright growth, until center is dry grow to more than 20cm time, insert the bamboo pole of a vertical ground, will be fixed on bamboo pole; When young sprout grows to about 1.3 meters, by the pinching of young sprout tip, to select and remain 2 vigorous branches or strong bud, being trained two base angles is 45 ° of major branches following back growth, when major branch reaches main drawing line, be fixed on to lure on main drawing line and by major branch elongated shoot to cause with main drawing line and be 45 ° and lure and draw on bar, keep major branch elongated shoot absolute predominance, the side shoot that the upper outside lateral bud of major branch sends stays one every 20cm.Put major branch head light pruning is long when winter cuts, can not cut the elongated shoot with full terminal bud and cut.
Second Year: the elongated shoot of major branch continues elongation growth, branch on major branch utilizes its result as far as possible, major branch stays outer lateral bud, major branch back does not stay a group, will wipe out the back branch that major branch sends, autumn presses down bondage gently to this two major branch and is fixed on main drawing line, and notices that the side shoot sent stays one every 20cm, and lure derivation long to first iron wire on cross-arm (iron wire nearest apart from column) side shoot, and flatten on second iron wire.Fruit bearing shoot cutting back when winter cuts on major branch, retains about 40cm length after general retraction, and length on major branch is greater than 70cm, band sublateral shoot water sprout and be less than the branch on the weak side of 30cm, sick branch all removes; Major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, puts, can not cut and cut, remove major branch elongated shoot competitive branch to the elongated shoot with full terminal bud major branch head light pruning is long; What major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large be compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place, the tree-like and shaping of peach high-quality Labor-saving completes substantially.
Also comprise the 3rd year: in major branch, base portion cultivates medium-sized branch group, branch group interval about 50cm; Small branch group and unijunction fruit branch are then cultivated in major branch top, small branch group interval about 30cm, unijunction fruit branch interval about 15cm; The branch pinching that major branch rear end is sprouted controls, and makes it form interim fruit spur, carries out retraction and upgrades, the fruit bearing shoot that medium-sized branch group stays base portion 5 ~ 6 healthy and strong, the fruit bearing shoot that small branch group stays base portion 3 ~ 4 healthy and strong when the winter cuts to fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
The structure of described frame is: frame height 1.9m, build with concrete column, side column horizontal spacing is 4m, longitudinal pitch is 5m, the outer squint of corner post, side column and ground angle at 45 °, capital end iron wire is fixed, surrounding and side column bracing wire No. 8 galvanized wires, side column weaves into 4 × 5m grid between bracing wire with No. 10 galvanized wires, each crosspoint fore-set vertical support to bracing wire in the middle of frame, longitudinally three No. 12 galvanized wires are drawn in every bar fore-set band both sides, and spacing is 0.4m successively, and side column and the distance between corner post and the most contiguous fore-set can be floated according to reality.
Described fore-set length, width and height specification is the concrete column of 2.0m × 0.06m × 0.06m.
Described side column length, width and height specification is the concrete column of 2.7m × 0.1m × 0.1m.
Described corner post length, width and height specification is the concrete column of 3.2m × 0.14m × 0.14m.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention can control tree soma sexual clorminance, and tree crown is soon shaping, within after general field planting 2 years, can complete Crown Structure and cultivate, and starts to enter the just fruit phase; Meanwhile, the tree crown be trimmed to is not containing secondary scaffold branch, and pruning technique is simple, is easy to grasp, can controls peach garden flower and fruit management working space, save labor, reduce orchard management cost; And ventilation and penetrating light condition is good, fruit regularity is high, and fruit shape is large, quality better, high quality fruit rate more than 90%, is that a kind of novel high-quality, Labor-saving cultivation easily realizing standardized production is tree-like.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the end perspective view of the present invention's one group of frame.
In accompanying drawing, 1 is column; 2 is cross-arm; 3 is main drawing line; 4 is cross-arm guy; 5 is trunk; 6 is major branch; 7 is summer pruning position; 8 is branch bondage position.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention one comprises:
The enforcement time: 2010 ~ 2013
Implement place: white rabbit town, Jurong City of Jiangsu Province Bai Zhishan Ecological Orchard
(1), instantiation is implemented:
Select kind: daybreak, Bai Feng;
(2) implementation method:
Comprise:
(1) field is selected: select soil layer to loosen deep, the soil that the content of organic matter is high.Optimum pH 5.5 ~ 7.5.
(2) frame is built: line-spacing is 3m, column spacing is 4m, select the cement post that 2.3m is high, specification is 0.12m × 0.06m, and cement post is buried in the earth 0.5m, it is the cross-arm of 2m that the column upper end level that 1.8m is high on the ground sets up 1 length, the material of cross-arm is angle bar, and cross-arm both sides are drawn respectively with No. 12 galvanized wires and established 3 road bracing wires, and spacing is 0.3m successively, and under cross-arm 30cm position column on to draw with No. 10 galvanized wires and establish one main drawing line, jointly form frame face.
(3) field planting ditch is dug: do the field planting row that 3m is wide, field planting row excavates field planting ditch, field planting furrow width 60cm ~ 80cm, dark 40cm.First insert 1500kg straw or weeds for every mu, after inserting straw or weeds, cover native about the 10cm of table, more every mu is executed organic base manure 2000kg, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg such as chicken manure, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 25kg mixes with soil, fills out while having peace of mind.When banketing to overhead about 10cm, cover subsoil and pile the field planting row higher than face, ridge 15cm.
(4) field planting: mid-February, field planting spacing in the rows was the peach seedling of 6m on the field planting row that 3m is wide to early March field planting.Selection rosy clouds are crisp, the white phoenix nursery stock in day river, and require that peach seedling is healthy and strong, branch is healthy and strong, tissue enriches, and degree of lignification is high, and trunk is clear and definite, well developed root system and complete, main root reaches 30cm, has more side root and fibrous root, root system is without splitting, have the bud of complete stalwartness, nursery stock has no mechanical damage, without damage by disease and insect, not dehydration, possesses exuberant vitality.Root system 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 700 times of liquid disinfectants before field planting, stem 3 Baume degrees ~ 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur sterilizations.
Shoot root is placed on field planting row field planting point, nursery stock is held up directly.Root is made in order rear earthing and having peace of mind, usual earthing is under grafting mouth, and trunk stays 2 ~ 3 full bud cutting backs surely to do.Water permeable after, root week uses black plastic mulching, water conservation moisturizing.
(5) irrigate: when water capacity lower than 20% time, must pour water.The method such as pouring, tubule short stream, drip irrigation can be adopted.Watering time mainly the budding period, Fruit and Drought in Autumn time.
(6) pruning
First Year: 2 ~ 3 full buds of selecting and remain after seedling planting are done surely, determines top, cadre position leaf bud and sprouts young sprout Culture Center and do upright growth, until center is dry grow to more than 20cm time, insert the bamboo pole of a vertical ground, will be fixed on bamboo pole; When young sprout grows to about 1.3 meters, by the pinching of young sprout tip, to select and remain 2 vigorous branches or strong bud, being trained two base angles is 45 ° of major branches following back growth, when major branch reaches main drawing line, be fixed on to lure on main drawing line and by major branch elongated shoot to cause with main drawing line and be 45 ° and lure and draw on bar, keep major branch elongated shoot absolute predominance, the side shoot that the upper outside lateral bud of major branch sends stays one every 20cm.Put major branch head light pruning is long when winter cuts, can not cut the elongated shoot with full terminal bud and cut.
Second Year: the elongated shoot of major branch continues elongation growth, branch on major branch utilizes its result as far as possible, major branch stays outer lateral bud, major branch back does not stay a group, will wipe out the back branch that major branch sends, autumn presses down bondage gently to this two major branch and is fixed on main drawing line, and notices that the side shoot sent stays one every 20cm, and lure derivation long to first iron wire on cross-arm (iron wire nearest apart from column) side shoot, and flatten on second iron wire.Fruit bearing shoot cutting back when winter cuts on major branch, retains about 40cm length after general retraction, and length on major branch is greater than 70cm, band sublateral shoot water sprout and be less than the branch on the weak side of 30cm, sick branch all removes; Major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, puts, can not cut and cut, remove major branch elongated shoot competitive branch to the elongated shoot with full terminal bud major branch head light pruning is long; What major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large be compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place, the tree-like and shaping of peach high-quality Labor-saving completes substantially.
3rd year: in major branch, base portion cultivates medium-sized branch group, branch group interval about 50cm; Small branch group and unijunction fruit branch are then cultivated in major branch top, small branch group interval about 30cm, unijunction fruit branch interval about 15cm; The branch pinching that major branch rear end is sprouted controls, and makes it form interim fruit spur, carries out retraction and upgrades, the fruit bearing shoot that medium-sized branch group stays base portion 5 ~ 6 healthy and strong, the fruit bearing shoot that small branch group stays base portion 3 ~ 4 healthy and strong when the winter cuts to fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
(7) fruit thinning: after full-bloom stage between 10 ~ 15 days, remove give birth to intensive, hypogenetic fruit.After Sheng is spent, 25 ~ 35 are preordained really, mainly remove the not good fruitlet of setting fruit position, sick fruit, wormed fruit, malformed fruit, mechanical damage fruit.General long fruit branch stays fruit 2; Medium fruit branch stays fruit 1; Fruit spur stays 1 or do not stay.
(8) bagging: bagging has good effect to steady production, raising fruit marketability.After fruit thinning terminates, before bagging, with an insecticidal bactericide, in mid or late May bagging, adopt white paper bag or the white paper bag with printed words or decorative pattern.
(9) gather: appropriate to the occasion gently adopting of gathering is put down gently, lives fruit slightly reverse with hand rest, take along above fruit branch side.Fruit will be gathered according to mature condition in batches.Fruit picking bamboo, cane basket or plastic crate, basket or plastic crate should not be excessive, pad the piece of sack or blank sheet of paper in basket or plastic crate.Fruit puts 1 ~ 2 layer in basket or plastic crate.
(10) extermination of disease and insect pest: the disease of harm peach mainly contains leaf-curl, Bacterial septicaemia syndrome, peach brown rot, shot hole, anthracnose etc.; Major Pests has: aphid, dichocrocis punctiferalis, oriental fruit moth, scale insect, two spotted spider mite, chafer, eating attraction, pink neck longicorn etc.These sick worms are adopted to the method for integrated control, Qing Gengquan in winter garden, in season of growth garden, Sod culture increases natural enemy quantity.Spray with the lime sulfur of 3 ~ 5 degree before rudiment mid-March, Zhan Yehou 20% Yekuzuo wetting powder 1000 extraordinarily 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 600 extraordinarily 10% Imidacloprid missible oil, 2000 times of liquid mixing sprayings, prevent and treat leaf-curl, Bacterial septicaemia syndrome and aphid.Young fruit expanding stage with 10% generation height wetting powder 1000 times or 40% lucky star missible oil, 6000 times of liquid add 4.5% r 1000 times or 48% Le Siben missible oil, 1000 times of liquid used in combination, sprayed once every 10 ~ 15 days, the sick worm harm of basic controlling.
(11) soil amelioration techniques: in order to obtain high grade producing, need improve soil, increase soil fertility.Ditching-fertilizing improvement soil year by year, after field planting every year in conjunction with autumn basal dressing in field planting ditch both sides year by year rotation turn over to extending out ditch depth, in ditch, layering mixing applies the organic substances such as straw, fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and mu executes straw 1500kg, fertilizer 1500kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 20kg.By excavation fertilising, create adapt circumstance to root growth, the shoot growth of plant is healthy and strong, and blade face assimilation is strengthened, and is conducive to the raising of flower_bud formation and output.
(3) implementation result
The conventional cultivation i.e. peach of three major branch natural opening cardioid (seeding row spacing is 5 × 5m) is compared.Table 1 is found out, there are more significant difference in the peach of this planting type cultivation and the peach phenophase of conventional cultivation, and the peach phenophase of this cultivation method is slightly early than routine.
Table 1: peach phenophase application form
As shown in Table 2, the peach cultivated under this cultivation method is at single fruit weight, output and soluble solid content apparently higher than routine, and this cultivation method fully effectively can utilize luminous energy as seen, promotes plant nutrition and reproduction balanced growth.
Table 2: habit of growth information slip
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a peach high-quality Labor-saving form culture method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
First Year: 2 ~ 3 full buds of selecting and remain after seedling planting are done surely, determines top, cadre position leaf bud and sprouts young sprout Culture Center and do upright growth, until center is dry grow to more than 20cm time, insert the bamboo pole of a vertical ground, will be fixed on bamboo pole; When young sprout grows to about 1.3 meters, by the pinching of young sprout tip, to select and remain 2 vigorous branches or strong bud, being trained two base angles is 45 ° of major branches following back growth, when major branch reaches main drawing line, be fixed on to lure on main drawing line and by major branch elongated shoot to cause with main drawing line and be 45 ° and lure and draw on bar, keep major branch elongated shoot absolute predominance, the side shoot that the upper outside lateral bud of major branch sends stays one every 20cm.Put major branch head light pruning is long when winter cuts, can not cut the elongated shoot with full terminal bud and cut.
Second Year: the elongated shoot of major branch continues elongation growth, branch on major branch utilizes its result as far as possible, major branch stays outer lateral bud, major branch back does not stay a group, will wipe out the back branch that major branch sends, autumn presses down bondage gently to this two major branch and is fixed on main drawing line, and notices that the side shoot sent stays one every 20cm, and lure derivation long to first iron wire on cross-arm (iron wire nearest apart from column) side shoot, and flatten on second iron wire.Fruit bearing shoot cutting back when winter cuts on major branch, retains about 40cm length after general retraction, and length on major branch is greater than 70cm, band sublateral shoot water sprout and be less than the branch on the weak side of 30cm, sick branch all removes; Major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, puts, can not cut and cut, remove major branch elongated shoot competitive branch to the elongated shoot with full terminal bud major branch head light pruning is long; What major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large be compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place, the tree-like and shaping of peach high-quality Labor-saving completes substantially.
2. peach high-quality Labor-saving form culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise the 3rd year: in major branch, base portion cultivates medium-sized branch group, branch group interval about 50cm; Small branch group and unijunction fruit branch are then cultivated in major branch top, small branch group interval about 30cm, unijunction fruit branch interval about 15cm; The branch pinching that major branch rear end is sprouted controls, and makes it form interim fruit spur, carries out retraction and upgrades, the fruit bearing shoot that medium-sized branch group stays base portion 5 ~ 6 healthy and strong, the fruit bearing shoot that small branch group stays base portion 3 ~ 4 healthy and strong when the winter cuts to fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
3. peach high-quality Labor-saving form culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the structure of described frame is: line-spacing is 3m, column spacing is 4m, select the cement post that 2.3m is high, specification is 0.12m × 0.06m, cement post is buried in the earth 0.5m, it is the cross-arm of 2m that the column upper end level that 1.8m is high on the ground sets up 1 length, the material of cross-arm is angle bar, cross-arm both sides are drawn respectively with No. 12 galvanized wires and are established 3 road bracing wires, spacing is 0.3m successively, and under cross-arm 30cm position column on to draw with No. 10 galvanized wires and establish one main drawing line, common formation frame face.
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| CN105432344A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 银谷玫瑰科技有限公司 | Shaping method for promoting damask rose flower bud differentiation |
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| CN105432344A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 银谷玫瑰科技有限公司 | Shaping method for promoting damask rose flower bud differentiation |
| CN107484525A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-19 | 铜仁市满堂红农业科技有限公司 | A kind of crape myrtle labyrinth crown kilim carpet formula art of landscape moulding cultural method |
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| CN107540458A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-01-05 | 胡江宇 | A kind of implantation methods of peach |
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| CN107996250A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-08 | 阜阳市鸿业生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of peach implantation methods for improving soil |
| CN108849027A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-11-23 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of shaping and trimming method promoting peach balanced growth |
| CN109156245A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-08 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of peach dry hedge wall shape shaping methods more than one plant |
| CN109156245B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-12-18 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Wall-shaped shaping method for multiple hedges of peach tree |
| CN109644766A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-19 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach |
| CN112262702A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-26 | 昆明学院 | Planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation |
| CN113692873A (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2021-11-26 | 湖北七仙红园区管理服务有限公司 | Peach tree shaping method in rainy area |
| CN113692873B (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2022-07-19 | 湖北七仙红园区管理服务有限公司 | Peach tree shaping method in rainy area |
| CN114698482A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-05 | 何权 | Double-arm forward-walking type shed frame pear branch sorting method |
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