CN109644766A - A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach - Google Patents
A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach, comprising steps of a) orchard establishment；B) the double ditches in a ridge are established；C) it is colonized: digging pitting according to seeding row spacing 4X3m, 120X0.8cm peach seedling is colonized in pitting；D) the simple V-type of direct motion is established: being colonized current year progress 55cm in peach and is done surely；When young sprout it is long to 20cm or more when, select and remain and stretch in row base portion spacing 10cm as two major branch of V-type, remaining pinching or turn round tip processing as auxiliary support branch；Two bamboo poles are selected for every peach, is crosspoint respectively with ground at 60 ° of angles using peach butt, forms simple V-type；E) it applies fertilizer；F) it pours water and drains；G) pruning；H) flower and fruit management；Full-bloom stage sprays 0.4% urea and 0.2% borax adds 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution；I) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The present invention can be effectively reduced peach height, facilitate peach agricultural operation, and be greatly improved peach yield and peach fruit matter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to peach technical field of cultivation, are especially a kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement dense planting in one ridge of flat land peach
Cultural method.
Background technique
The peach Important Economic tree species traditional as China occupy suitable specific gravity in industry of planting forest or fruit tress development.It has growth
Fastly, the features such as result is early and early income, and drought-resistant, manageability, Pingba, mountainous region can all plant.The peach fruit shape beauty of knot,
It is beautiful in colour, it is full of nutrition, it is well received by consumers.
In recent years, that there are tree bodies is excessively high, it is upper strong to be easy to for the trunk type peach cultivation technique of popularization, and small-sized machine is caused to be gone and buy Chinese medicine
The technical problem of machine medication effect difference.Just because not having suitable corresponding cultivation techniques in flat land, the yield of peach was not in recent years
Disconnected decline, and nutrient quality is poor, not only export trade is difficult, and local sales pressure is also very big.Whenever peach maturation, often make
Cheng Taoguo overstock, sales difficulty, bring biggish loss to peach agriculture.For this purpose, there is an urgent need to existing peach cultivation technique for peach agriculture
It improves.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to, providing one kind can be effectively reduced peach height, and facilitate peach agriculture to operate, and
And the double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach for being greatly improved peach yield and peach fruit matter.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows, provides a kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach,
Include the following steps:
A) orchard establishment prepares
Autumn excavates the tree planting ditch of wide 0.6~0.7m, deep 0.6~0.7m, Xiang Zhishu ditch Nei Shifa according to three meters of line-spacings
The good farmyard manure of ferment and compound fertilizer, farmyard manure apply 2~3m per acre3, compound fertilizer applies 90~110kg per acre；
B) the double ditches in a ridge are established
It bankets into tree planting ditch, and it is mixed thoroughly with farmyard manure and compound fertilizer；Then flood irrigation ditch is risen with surface soil in the ranks
Ridge, the high 35~45cm in ridge, 150~170cm of row spacing；The ditch that wide 130~150cm, deep 35~45cm are formed between adjacent two ridge, into
And form the topographic structure of Kuan Long, two gutters among the double ditch W types in a ridge；
C) it is colonized,
The next spring, according to seeding row spacing 4X3m, four meters remote one is dug out several diameters and depth as the small of 40X40cm
The annual peach strong sprout of high 110~130cm, thick 0.7~0.9cm or more is colonized into pitting, 54~60 plants/acre by hole；It irrigates
Water earthing；
D) the simple V-type of direct motion is established
50~60cm of current year progress is colonized in peach to do surely；
When young sprout it is long to 20cm or more when, select and remain and stretch to base portion spacing 10cm or more in row, as two major branch of V-type, remaining is plucked
The heart turns round tip processing as auxiliary support branch；
For every peach select two height be 2.8~3.3m, be slightly 0.8~1.2cm bamboo pole, by two bamboo poles with
The base portion of peach trunk is that two bamboo poles are fixed at 60 ° of angles with ground respectively in crosspoint, and then form it into simple V-type；
When two major branch of V-type it is long to 45~55cm when, it is strapped in respectively on two bamboo poles with cloth；
It is fixed primary to bamboo pole bondage every 35~45cm with the growth of two major branches；
E) it applies fertilizer
Field planting current year is controlled after using preceding rush, before and after first time rudiment, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and every 660~670m2Using 8~
12kg urea；Before Hua Houzhi bud differentiation, based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are used in mixed way, every 660~670m2Make
With 3 15% water-soluble balance 18~22kg of compound fertilizer of content；In fruit expanding period, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied, based on potash fertilizer, often
660~670m2Use 8~12kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
4~5 foliage applications are carried out in the entire season of growth of peach, the spray fertilizer time is morning or dusk, sprays position
For the peach leaf back side, the concentration of fertilizer of sprinkling be urea 0.2~0.3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2~0.3%, borax 0.2~
0.5%, amino-acid zinc 0.05~0.1% and amino acid iron 0.03%；
From after third year, based on fertilizing in autumn, Growing season is based on phosphorus potash fertilizer；
F) it pours water and drains
Periodically watering, second year start watering when only top dressing before being colonized July current year, other period strict control water
Part, heavy rain season, ponding was discharged in time；
G) pruning
Field planting winter current year cut, cut off in do retain auxiliary support branch, on each major branch branch estranged, wipe out first no flower bud,
Branch under most of back, then two sides are gone to stay greatly it is small, go length stay brachyplast, 28~33cm of major branch top end does not stay branch；
Second year dormant period, trimming take long means of putting and bounce back to adjust the relationship of growth with result, improve illumination condition,
Establish V-arrangement skeleton structure；Growth period trimming takes pinching, turns round the tip and promotes nutrient growth to the fast of reproductive growth by branch means
Speed transformation；
Third year, tree body skeleton established substantially, was removed extra fruit-bearing shoot cluster according to space, bounce back too long fruitful branch；
After 4th year, in trimming based on sparse branching and retraction, the winter cuts rear every 660~670m2Retain branch amount 7500~8500
A, retraction updates in time after fruitful branch result, is used as fruitful branch with close to long put of trunk developmental branch；
H) flower and fruit management
With pollinizers are planted, beehive is put into peach garden by flowering stage, and beehive is evenly dispersed, and 2~3 mu put a case, during putting bee
Forbid spraying insecticide pesticide；
Florescence, which meets rainy weather, should be aided with artificial pollination；
Full-bloom stage sprays 0.3%~0.5% urea and 0.1%~0.3% borax adds 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble
Liquid；
Reveal thin inflorescence under removing back of red phase, the in due course fruit thinning of young fruit period in bud；
Bagging was carried out to the peach fruit born in 25~30 days after spending, desinsection, a fungicide must be sprayed before bagging；
I) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Annual 5~August part with waste mineral water bottle hang sugar-vinegar liquid, sugar, vinegar, wine, water ratio for 4~6:3~5:0.5~
1.5:25~35,2~4/mu, per half a month periodic replacement sugar-vinegar liquid simultaneously often check that pest trapping situation guidance chemistry is used in time
Medicine, and frequency vibration lamp is installed and carries out light trap, 1/hectare；
Clean orchard after fruit picking in time, and by the peach leaf of cleaning, branch concentrate it is buried, burn or retting green manure.
A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach of the present invention, wherein in step e),
Every 667m2Using 10kg urea, every 667m2Use content 3 15% water-soluble balance compound fertilizer 20kg, every 667m2Use di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium 10kg, the concentration of fertilizer of sprinkling are urea 0.25%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.25%, borax 0.3%, amino-acid zinc 0.07%
With amino acid iron 0.03%.
A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach of the present invention, wherein in step g),
Winter cuts rear every 667m2Retain branch amount 8000.
A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach of the present invention, wherein in step h),
Full-bloom stage 0.4% urea of spray and 0.2% borax add 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution.
A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach of the present invention, wherein in step i),
Sugar, vinegar, wine, water ratio be 5:4:1:30,3/mu, and install frequency vibration lamp carry out light trap, 1/hectare.
The double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in a kind of one ridge of flat land peach of the present invention, wherein in step b)
Farmyard manure is sheep dung and/or cow dung.
After using the above structure, compared with prior art, a kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement dense planting in one ridge of flat land peach of the present invention
Cultural method has the advantage that causes tree body higher with the cultivation technique of traditional peach, leaf curtain thickness, and laxative picking is inconvenient
And low output, nutrient quality difference is different, and the present invention has broken the cultural method of conventional peach, by reasonable step design and
The arrangement of timing node, and the characteristics of combination peach agriculture itself, carry out the double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture skills in one ridge of flat land peach
The experiment of art；After the cultural method, through quadrennial observation, the whole height of peach is minimized, and is facilitated
The trimming of peach agriculture, bagging such as pick and spray insecticide at the operations, hence it is evident that improve the effect of power choring medication and reduce leaf
The thickness of curtain layer.The double ditch W type soil management modes in a ridge of the invention are conducive to the feature that peach happiness drought is afraid of flood, are conducive to overcome flat
The disadvantage of original place rainy season easily flood, in addition, passing through the observation of four years, ventilation and penetrating light between present invention strain in the ranks is substantially increased
The yield and nutrient quality of peach, hence it is evident that improve sales volume, solve a great problem for peach agriculture.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment to a kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach of the present invention
It is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach, include the following steps:
A) orchard establishment prepares
Autumn excavates the tree planting ditch of width 0.6m, depth 0.6m according to three meters of line-spacings, and it is miscellaneous that the soil fermented is applied in Xiang Zhishu ditch
Fertilizer and compound fertilizer；Farmyard manure is the mixture of sheep dung and cow dung, applies 2.5m per acre3；Compound fertilizer applies 100kg per acre.
B) the double ditches in a ridge are established
It is banketed with excavator into tree planting ditch, and it is mixed thoroughly with farmyard manure and compound fertilizer；Flood irrigation ditch, then in the ranks
Surface soil ridging, the high 40cm in ridge, row spacing 160cm；The ditch of width 140cm, depth 40cm are formed between adjacent two ridge, and then it is double to form a ridge
The topographic structure of Kuan Long, two gutters among ditch W type.So set, being conducive to the feature that peach happiness drought is afraid of flood, be conducive to overcome flat
The disadvantage of original place rainy season easily flood, be more convenient for watering and the timely draining in rainy season.
C) it is colonized
The next spring, according to seeding row spacing 4X3m, four meters remote one is dug out several diameters and depth as the small of 40X40cm
The annual peach strong sprout of high 120cm, thick 0.8cm or more is colonized into pitting, 56 plants/acre by hole；Sprinkle profoundly water earthing.
D) the simple V-type of direct motion is established
It is colonized current year progress 55cm in peach to do surely, convenient for mechanical work and the needs of adaptation aging cultivation；
Young sprout after field planting it is long to 20cm or more when, select and remain that stretch to base portion spacing 10cm or more in row main as V-type two
Branch, remaining pinching or torsion tip processing are used as auxiliary support branch；
For every peach select two height be 3m, slightly be 1cm bamboo pole, by two bamboo poles with the base portion of peach trunk
Two bamboo poles are fixed at 60 ° of angles with ground respectively for crosspoint, and then form it into simple V-structure；
When two major branch of V-type it is long to 50cm when, it is strapped in respectively on two inclined V-type bamboo poles with cloth, keeps master
Branch uniaxial extension；The tip is turned round in time to the sublateral shoot on major branch, to promote into flower；With the growth of two major branches, every 40cm to bamboo pole
Bondage is fixed primary, guarantees that two major branches are neatly grown standardized and orderlyly, the molding of third year can remove bamboo pole.
E) it applies fertilizer
Dose is determined according to soil fertility, based on autumn organic fertilizer, and is mixed into suitable nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and bio-bacterial manure,
According to the production requirement for producing nuisanceless peach, base manure mixes a small amount of nitrogen based on the organic fertilizer crossed through hot fermentation or retting
Fertilizer.According to the growth stage division of peach, field planting current year using controlling after preceding rush, i.e., before July 10, is periodically dripped weekly
Pipe watering, applies a small amount of urea；After July 10, rich water is controlled based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, annual top dressing 3 times since second year.
Field planting current year is controlled after using preceding rush, before and after first time rudiment, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and every 667m2Use 10kg urea；
Before Hua Houzhi bud differentiation, based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are used in mixed way, every 667m2Use content 3 15%
Water-soluble balance compound fertilizer 20kg；In fruit expanding period, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied, based on potash fertilizer, every 667m2Use potassium dihydrogen phosphate
10kg。
5 foliage applications are carried out in the entire season of growth of peach, are advisable with growing early period.Under normal circumstances, before growth
Phase spray fertilizer 2 times, based on nitrogenous fertilizer；Later period 3 times, based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, growth and development of fruit tree institute can also be sprayed according to tree body situation
The microelement needed.The spray fertilizer time is morning, sprays position based on the peach leaf back side.Common sprinkling concentration of fertilizer is urea
0.25%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.25%, borax 0.3%, amino-acid zinc 0.07% and amino acid iron 0.03%；From after third year,
Based on fertilizing in autumn, Growing season reduces paclobutrazol to the greatest extent in the process based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, with prevention and control peach prosperous growth
It uses.
F) it pours water and drains
According to soil moisture content, suitable irrigation period and number are determined, field planting needs periodically to water before July current year,
Promote tree crown to expand；Second year starts to guarantee peach quality, and only winter and when top dressing water.When watering, intermediate sulcus, winter are used
Its overwintering water is watered using double ditches, and rudiment water and fruit expanding period select to water using single-groove according to soil.According to soil regime
Other period strict control moisture content, heavy rain season, ponding was quickly discharged using double ditches.
G) pruning
Field planting winter current year cut, cut off in do retain auxiliary support branch, on each major branch branch estranged, wipe out first no flower bud,
Branch under most of back, then two sides are gone to stay greatly it is small, go length stay brachyplast, major branch top end 30cm does not stay branch；
Second year dormant period, trimming take long means of putting and bounce back to adjust the relationship of growth with result, improve illumination condition,
Establish V-arrangement skeleton structure；Growth period trimming takes pinching, turns round the tip and promotes nutrient growth to the fast of reproductive growth by branch means
Speed transformation；
Third year, tree body skeleton established substantially, was removed extra fruit-bearing shoot cluster according to space, bounce back too long fruitful branch；
After 4th year, in trimming based on sparse branching and retraction, the winter cuts rear every 667m2Retain branch amount 8000, fruitful branch knot
Retraction updates in time after fruit, is used as fruitful branch with close to long put of trunk developmental branch.
H) flower and fruit management
With pollinizers are planted, beehive is put into peach garden by flowering stage, and beehive is evenly dispersed, and 2.5 mu put a case, prohibits during putting bee
Only spray insecticide pesticide；
Florescence, which meets rainy weather, should be aided with artificial pollination；
Full-bloom stage 0.4% urea of spray and 0.2% borax add 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, to effectively mention
High percentage of fertile fruit increases yield；
In order to improve percentage of fertile fruit and fruit quality, reveal thin inflorescence under removing back of red phase, the in due course fruit thinning of young fruit period in bud；
In order to improve fruit exterior quality, bagging need to be carried out to the peach fruit born in 28 days after spending, one must be sprayed before bagging
Secondary desinsection, fungicide.According to fruit type and fruit size, suitable paper bag is selected to carry out bagging to fruit.When bagging, by first setting
Under upper, rear tree, the principle outside interior, rear tree is first set, is selected raw in the fruit of branch side or lower section progress bagging.Pay attention to bagging
Mouth tightens in peach branch.
I) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Applying organic manure enhances tree body disease resistance；Carry out orchard ground cover system, improves orchard environment；Pay attention to summer
Trimming keeps tree body ventilation and penetrating light.
Take the methods of sugar-vinegar liquid, insecticidal lamp insect-killing trapping.With waste mineral water bottle extension sugar-vinegar liquid in June every year, sugar,
Vinegar, wine, water ratio be 5:4:1:30,2/mu, per half a month periodic replacement sugar-vinegar liquid simultaneously often checks pest trapping feelings in time
Condition instructs chemical medication, and installs frequency vibration lamp and carry out light trap, 1/hectare.
Clean orchard after fruit picking in time, and by the peach leaf of cleaning, branch etc. concentrate it is buried, burn or retting green manure, to subtract
Few overwintering bacterium source, worm sources, reduce wintering pest radix.
It advocates and uses vegetable oil, animal sources, microbial pesticide, use efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide in a limited degree,
Aphid, oriental fruit months are main controlling objects, and selectable medicament has flonicamid cyanogen, pymetrozine, d ichlorbenzuron etc., it is desirable that wheel
It changes and is used in compounding.
Embodiment 2
A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach, include the following steps:
A) orchard establishment prepares
Autumn excavates the tree planting ditch of wide 0.7m, deep 0.7, applies the farmyard manure fermented in Xiang Zhishu ditch according to three meters of line-spacings
And compound fertilizer；Farmyard manure is sheep dung, applies 2m per acre3；Compound fertilizer applies 90kg per acre.
B) the double ditches in a ridge are established
It is banketed with excavator into tree planting ditch, and it is mixed thoroughly with farmyard manure and compound fertilizer；Flood irrigation ditch, then in the ranks
Surface soil ridging, the high 35cm in ridge, row spacing 150cm；The ditch of width 130cm, depth 35cm are formed between adjacent two ridge, and then it is double to form a ridge
The topographic structure of Kuan Long, two gutters among ditch W type.So set, being conducive to the feature that peach happiness drought is afraid of flood, be conducive to overcome flat
The disadvantage of original place rainy season easily flood, be more convenient for watering and the timely draining in rainy season.
C) it is colonized
The next spring, according to seeding row spacing 4X3m, four meters remote one is dug out several diameters and depth as the small of 40X40cm
The annual peach strong sprout of high 110cm, thick 0.7cm or more is colonized into pitting, 54 plants/acre by hole；Sprinkle profoundly water earthing.
D) the simple V-type of direct motion is established
It is colonized current year progress 50cm in peach to do surely, to need convenient for mechanical work and adaptation aging cultivation；
Young sprout after field planting it is long to 20cm or more when, select and remain that stretch to base portion spacing 10cm or more in row main as V-type two
Branch, remaining pinching or torsion tip processing are used as auxiliary support branch；
For every peach select two height be 2.8m, slightly be 0.8cm bamboo pole, by two bamboo poles with peach trunk
Base portion is that two bamboo poles are fixed at 60 ° of angles with ground respectively in crosspoint, and then form it into simple V-structure；
When two major branch of V-type it is long to 45cm when, it is strapped in respectively on two inclined V-type bamboo poles with cloth, keeps master
Branch uniaxial extension, turns round the tip to the sublateral shoot on major branch in time, to promote into flower；With the growth of two major branches, every 35cm to bamboo pole
Bondage is fixed primary, guarantees that two major branches are neatly grown standardized and orderlyly, the molding of third year can remove bamboo pole.
E) it applies fertilizer
Dose is determined according to soil fertility, based on autumn organic fertilizer, and is mixed into suitable nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and bio-bacterial manure,
According to the production requirement for producing nuisanceless peach, base manure mixes a small amount of nitrogen based on the organic fertilizer crossed through hot fermentation or retting
Fertilizer.According to the growth stage division of peach, field planting current year using controlling after preceding rush, i.e., before July 10, is periodically dripped weekly
Pipe watering, applies a small amount of urea；After July 10, rich water is controlled based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, annual top dressing 3 times since second year.
Field planting current year is controlled after using preceding rush, before and after first time rudiment, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and every 660m2Use 8kg urea；
Before Hua Houzhi bud differentiation, based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are used in mixed way, every 660m2Use content 3 15%
Water-soluble balance compound fertilizer 18kg；In fruit expanding period, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied, based on potash fertilizer, every 660m2Use potassium dihydrogen phosphate
8kg。
4 foliage applications are carried out in the entire season of growth of peach, are advisable with growing early period.Under normal circumstances, before growth
Phase spray fertilizer 2 times, based on nitrogenous fertilizer；Later period 2 times, based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, growth and development of fruit tree institute can also be sprayed according to tree body situation
The microelement needed.The spray fertilizer time is at dusk, to spray position based on the peach leaf back side.Common sprinkling concentration of fertilizer is urea
0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, borax 0.2%, amino-acid zinc 0.05% and amino acid iron 0.03%；From after third year, with
Based on fertilizing in autumn, Growing season is based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, with prevention and control peach prosperous growth, in the process, reduces making for paclobutrazol to the greatest extent
With.
F) it pours water and drains
According to soil moisture content, suitable irrigation period and number are determined, field planting needs periodically to water before July current year,
Promote tree crown to expand；Second year starts to guarantee peach quality, and only winter and when top dressing water.When watering, intermediate sulcus, winter are used
Its overwintering water is watered using double ditches, and rudiment water and fruit expanding period select to water using single-groove according to soil.According to soil regime
Other period strict control moisture content, heavy rain season, ponding was discharged using double ditches.
G) pruning
Field planting winter current year cut, cut off in do retain auxiliary support branch, on each major branch branch estranged, wipe out first no flower bud,
Branch under most of back, then two sides are gone to stay greatly it is small, go length stay brachyplast, major branch top end 28cm does not stay branch；
Second year dormant period, trimming take long means of putting and bounce back to adjust the relationship of growth with result, improve illumination condition,
Establish V-arrangement skeleton structure；Growth period trimming takes pinching, turns round the tip and promotes nutrient growth to the fast of reproductive growth by branch means
Speed transformation；
Third year, tree body skeleton established substantially, was removed extra fruit-bearing shoot cluster according to space, bounce back too long fruitful branch；
After 4th year, in trimming based on sparse branching and retraction, the winter cuts rear every 660m2Retain branch amount 7500, fruitful branch knot
Retraction updates in time after fruit, is used as fruitful branch with close to long put of trunk developmental branch.
H) flower and fruit management
With pollinizers are planted, beehive is put into peach garden by flowering stage, and beehive is evenly dispersed, and 2 mu put a case, forbids during putting bee
Spray insecticide pesticide；
Florescence, which meets rainy weather, should be aided with artificial pollination；
Full-bloom stage 0.3% urea of spray and 0.1% borax add 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, to effectively mention
High percentage of fertile fruit increases yield；
In order to improve percentage of fertile fruit and fruit quality, reveal thin inflorescence under removing back of red phase, the in due course fruit thinning of young fruit period in bud；
To improve fruit exterior quality, bagging need to be carried out to the peach fruit born in 25 days after spending, must be sprayed before bagging primary
Desinsection, fungicide.According to fruit type and fruit size, suitable paper bag is selected to carry out bagging to fruit.When bagging, upper by first tree,
Under setting afterwards, the principle outside interior, rear tree is first set, is selected raw in the fruit of branch side or lower section progress bagging.Pay attention to that sack will be covered
It tightens in peach branch.
I) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Applying organic manure enhances tree body disease resistance；Carry out orchard ground cover system, improves orchard environment；Pay attention to summer
Trimming keeps tree body ventilation and penetrating light.
Take the methods of sugar-vinegar liquid, insecticidal lamp insect-killing trapping.With waste mineral water bottle extension sugar-vinegar liquid in May every year, sugar,
Vinegar, wine, water ratio be 4:3:0.5:25,3/mu, per half a month periodic replacement sugar-vinegar liquid simultaneously often checks pest trapping in time
Situation instructs chemical medication, and installs frequency vibration lamp and carry out light trap, 1/hectare.
Clean orchard after fruit picking in time, and by the peach leaf of cleaning, branch etc. concentrate it is buried, burn or retting green manure, to subtract
Few overwintering bacterium source, worm sources, reduce wintering pest radix.
It advocates and uses vegetable oil, animal sources, microbial pesticide, use efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide in a limited degree,
Aphid, oriental fruit months are main controlling objects, and selectable medicament has flonicamid cyanogen, pymetrozine, d ichlorbenzuron etc., it is desirable that wheel
It changes and is used in compounding.
Embodiment 3
A kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach, include the following steps:
A) orchard establishment prepares
Autumn excavates the tree planting ditch of width 0.7m, depth 0.7m according to three meters of line-spacings, and it is miscellaneous that the soil fermented is applied in Xiang Zhishu ditch
Fertilizer and compound fertilizer；Farmyard manure is cow dung, applies 3m per acre3；Compound fertilizer applies 110kg per acre.
B) the double ditches in a ridge are established
It is banketed with excavator into tree planting ditch, and it is mixed thoroughly with farmyard manure and compound fertilizer；Flood irrigation ditch, then in the ranks
Surface soil ridging, the high 45cm in ridge, row spacing 170cm；The ditch of width 150cm, depth 45cm are formed between adjacent two ridge, and then it is double to form a ridge
The topographic structure of Kuan Long, two gutters among ditch W type.So set, being conducive to the feature that peach happiness drought is afraid of flood, be conducive to overcome flat
The disadvantage of original place rainy season easily flood, be more convenient for watering and the timely draining in rainy season.
C) it is colonized
The next spring, according to seeding row spacing 4X3m, four meters remote one is dug out several diameters and depth as the small of 40X40cm
The annual peach strong sprout of high 130cm, thick 0.9cm or more is colonized into pitting, 60 plants/acre by hole；Sprinkle profoundly water earthing.
D) the simple V-type of direct motion is established
It is colonized current year progress 60cm in peach to do surely, to need convenient for mechanical work and adaptation aging cultivation；
Young sprout after field planting it is long to 20cm or more when, select and remain that stretch to base portion spacing 10cm or more in row main as V-type two
Branch, remaining pinching or torsion tip processing are used as auxiliary support branch；
For every peach select two height be 3.3m, slightly be 1.2cm bamboo pole, by two bamboo poles with peach trunk
Base portion is that two bamboo poles are fixed at 60 ° of angles with ground respectively in crosspoint, and then form it into simple V-structure；
When two major branch of V-type it is long to 55cm when, it is strapped in respectively on two inclined V-type bamboo poles with cloth, keeps master
Branch uniaxial extension, turns round the tip to the sublateral shoot on major branch in time, to promote into flower；With the growth of two major branches, every 45cm to bamboo pole
Bondage is fixed primary, guarantees that two major branches are neatly grown standardized and orderlyly, the molding of third year can remove bamboo pole.
E) it applies fertilizer
Dose is determined according to soil fertility, based on autumn organic fertilizer, and is mixed into suitable nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and bio-bacterial manure,
According to the production requirement for producing nuisanceless peach, base manure mixes a small amount of nitrogen based on the organic fertilizer crossed through hot fermentation or retting
Fertilizer.According to the growth stage division of peach, field planting current year using controlling after preceding rush, i.e., before July 10, is periodically dripped weekly
Pipe watering, applies a small amount of urea；After July 10, rich water is controlled based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, annual top dressing 3 times since second year.
Field planting current year is controlled after using preceding rush, before and after first time rudiment, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and every 670m2Use 12kg urea；
Before Hua Houzhi bud differentiation, based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are used in mixed way, every 670m2Use content 3 15%
Water-soluble balance compound fertilizer 22kg；In fruit expanding period, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied, based on potash fertilizer, every 670m2Use potassium dihydrogen phosphate
12kg。
5 foliage applications are carried out in the entire season of growth of peach, are advisable with growing early period.Under normal circumstances, before growth
Phase spray fertilizer 2 times, based on nitrogenous fertilizer；Later period 3 times, based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, growth and development of fruit tree institute can also be sprayed according to tree body situation
The microelement needed.The spray fertilizer time is morning, and sprinkling position is the peach leaf back side.Common sprinkling concentration of fertilizer be urea 0.3%,
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, borax 0.5%, amino-acid zinc 0.1% and amino acid iron 0.03%；From after third year, with fertilizing in autumn
Based on, Growing season is based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, with prevention and control peach prosperous growth, in the process, reduces the use of paclobutrazol to the greatest extent.
F) it pours water and drains
According to soil moisture content, suitable irrigation period and number are determined, field planting needs periodically to water before July current year,
Promote tree crown to expand；Second year starts to guarantee peach quality, and only winter and when top dressing water.When watering, intermediate sulcus, winter are used
Its overwintering water is watered using double ditches, and rudiment water and fruit expanding period select to water using single-groove according to soil.According to soil regime
Other period strict control moisture content, heavy rain season, ponding was discharged using double ditches.
G) pruning
Field planting winter current year cut, cut off in do retain auxiliary support branch, on each major branch branch estranged, wipe out first no flower bud,
Branch under most of back, then two sides are gone to stay greatly it is small, go length stay brachyplast, major branch top end 33cm does not stay branch；
Second year dormant period, trimming take long means of putting and bounce back to adjust the relationship of growth with result, improve illumination condition,
Establish V-arrangement skeleton structure；Growth period trimming takes pinching, turns round the tip and promotes nutrient growth to the fast of reproductive growth by branch means
Speed transformation；
Third year, tree body skeleton established substantially, was removed extra fruit-bearing shoot cluster according to space, bounce back too long fruitful branch；
After 4th year, in trimming based on sparse branching and retraction, the winter cuts rear every 670m2Retain branch amount 8500, fruitful branch knot
Retraction updates in time after fruit, is used as fruitful branch with close to long put of trunk developmental branch.
H) flower and fruit management
With pollinizers are planted, beehive is put into peach garden by flowering stage, and beehive is evenly dispersed, and 3 mu put a case, forbids during putting bee
Spray insecticide pesticide；
Florescence, which meets rainy weather, should be aided with artificial pollination；
Full-bloom stage 0.5% urea of spray and 0.3% borax add 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, to effectively mention
High percentage of fertile fruit increases yield；
In order to improve percentage of fertile fruit and fruit quality, reveal thin inflorescence under removing back of red phase, the in due course fruit thinning of young fruit period in bud；
To improve fruit exterior quality, bagging need to be carried out to the peach fruit born in 30 days after spending, must be sprayed before bagging primary
Desinsection, fungicide.According to fruit type and fruit size, suitable paper bag is selected to carry out bagging to fruit.When bagging, upper by first tree,
Under setting afterwards, the principle outside interior, rear tree is first set, is selected raw in the fruit of branch side or lower section progress bagging.Pay attention to that sack will be covered
It tightens in peach branch.
I) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Applying organic manure enhances tree body disease resistance；Carry out orchard ground cover system, improves orchard environment；Pay attention to summer
Trimming keeps tree body ventilation and penetrating light.
Take the methods of sugar-vinegar liquid, insecticidal lamp insect-killing trapping.Annual August part with waste mineral water bottle extension sugar-vinegar liquid, sugar,
Vinegar, wine, water ratio be 6:5:1.5:35,4/mu, per half a month periodic replacement sugar-vinegar liquid simultaneously often checks pest trapping in time
Situation instructs chemical medication, and installs frequency vibration lamp and carry out light trap, 1/hectare.
Clean orchard after fruit picking in time, and by the peach leaf of cleaning, branch etc. concentrate it is buried, burn or retting green manure, to subtract
Few overwintering bacterium source, worm sources, reduce wintering pest radix.
It advocates and uses vegetable oil, animal sources, microbial pesticide, use efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide in a limited degree,
Aphid, oriental fruit months are main controlling objects, and selectable medicament has flonicamid cyanogen, pymetrozine, d ichlorbenzuron etc., it is desirable that wheel
It changes and is used in compounding.
The peach tree body planted using the present invention is shorter and smaller, about 2.2 meters of height, trimming, bagging, picking etc. after molding
It operates very simple；Leaf curtain layer is thin, sprays convenient for small-sized machine.At low cost using bamboo pole, tree body forms after 2 years, can go
Fall bamboo pole；It stretches to fishbone shape fruitful branch in row to update preferably, maintains tree body height, reduce the labor intensity of peach agriculture, simultaneously
The aging feature of practitioner is adapted to.
The peach that cultural method through the invention is cultivated and the peach that traditional cultivation method is cultivated are compared, in detail
See following table:
In conclusion arrangement of the present invention by reasonable step design and timing node, and combine the agriculture of flat land peach certainly
The characteristics of body, has carried out the experiment of the double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture technologies in one ridge of flat land peach；After the cultural method,
Through quadrennial observation, the whole height of peach is minimized, and is facilitated the trimming of peach agriculture, bagging, is picked and spray insecticide
Equal operations, hence it is evident that improve the effect of power choring medication and reduce the thickness of leaf curtain layer；The double ditch W type soil in a ridge of the invention
Earth management mode is conducive to the feature that peach happiness drought is afraid of flood, is conducive to the disadvantage for overcoming the easily flood of flat land rainy season.In addition, by pair
The stringent control of dose and the node that applies fertilizer, and pruning and the foundation of simple V-type are combined, the observation through four years, this
Invent the peach of cultivation in the ranks, ventilation and penetrating light between strain, substantially increase the yield and nutrient quality of peach, hence it is evident that improve pin
Amount solves a great problem for flat land aging peach agriculture.
Embodiment described above only describe the preferred embodiments of the invention, not to model of the invention
It encloses and is defined, without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are to technical side of the invention
The various changes and improvements that case is made should all be fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach, which comprises the steps of:
A) orchard establishment prepares
Autumn excavates the tree planting ditch of wide 0.6~0.7m, deep 0.6~0.7m, applies and ferment in Xiang Zhishu ditch according to three meters of line-spacings
Farmyard manure and compound fertilizer, farmyard manure apply 2~3m per acre3, compound fertilizer applies 90~110kg per acre；
B) the double ditches in a ridge are established
It bankets into tree planting ditch, and it is mixed thoroughly with farmyard manure and compound fertilizer；Flood irrigation ditch, then with surface soil ridging in the ranks, ridge
High 35~45cm, 150~170cm of row spacing；The ditch of wide 130~150cm, deep 35~45cm, and then shape are formed between adjacent two ridge
At the topographic structure of Kuan Long, two gutters among the double ditch W types in a ridge；
C) it is colonized,
The next spring, according to seeding row spacing 4X3m, four meters remote one is dug out several diameters and depth as the pitting of 40X40cm, is incited somebody to action
In the annual peach strong sprout field planting to pitting of high 110~130cm, thick 0.7~0.9cm or more, 54~60 plants/acre；It sprinkles profoundly water and covers
Soil；
D) the simple V-type of direct motion is established
50~60cm of current year progress is colonized in peach to do surely；
When young sprout it is long to 20cm or more when, select and remain and stretch in row base portion spacing 10cm or more as two major branch of V-type, remaining pinching or
Person turns round tip processing and is used as auxiliary support branch；
For every peach select two height be 2.8~3.3m, be slightly 0.8~1.2cm bamboo pole, by two bamboo poles with peach
The base portion of trunk is that two bamboo poles are fixed at 60 ° of angles with ground respectively in crosspoint, and then form it into simple V-type；
When two major branch of V-type it is long to 45~55cm when, it is strapped in respectively on two bamboo poles with cloth；
It is fixed primary to bamboo pole bondage every 35~45cm with the growth of two major branches；
E) it applies fertilizer
Field planting current year is controlled after using preceding rush, before and after first time rudiment, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and every 660~670m2It is urinated using 8~12kg
Element；Before Hua Houzhi bud differentiation, based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are used in mixed way, every 660~670m2Use content
3 15% water-soluble balance 18~22kg of compound fertilizer；In fruit expanding period, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied, based on potash fertilizer, every 660~
670m2Use 8~12kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
4~5 foliage applications are carried out in the entire season of growth of peach, the spray fertilizer time is morning or dusk, and sprinkling position is peach
Leaf back, the concentration of fertilizer of sprinkling are urea 0.2~0.3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2~0.3%, borax 0.2~0.5%, ammonia
Base acid zinc 0.05~0.1% and amino acid iron 0.03%；
From after third year, based on fertilizing in autumn, Growing season is based on phosphorus potash fertilizer；
F) it pours water and drains
Periodically watering, second year start watering when only top dressing before being colonized July current year, other period strict control moisture content, greatly
Rainy season, ponding was discharged in time；
G) pruning
Field planting winter current year cut, cut off in do retain auxiliary support branch, on each major branch branch estranged, wipe out no flower bud, big portion first
Then two sides are gone to stay greatly small by branch under point back, go length to stay brachyplast, 28~33cm of major branch top end does not stay branch；
Second year dormant period, trimming take long means of putting and bounce back to adjust the relationship of growth with result, improve illumination condition, establish
V-arrangement skeleton structure；Growth period trimming takes pinching, turns round the tip and promotes nutrient growth quickly to turn to reproductive growth by branch means
Become；
Third year, tree body skeleton established substantially, was removed extra fruit-bearing shoot cluster according to space, bounce back too long fruitful branch；
After 4th year, in trimming based on sparse branching and retraction, the winter cuts rear every 660~670m2Retain branch amount 7500~8500, knot
Retraction updates in time after fruit branch result, is used as fruitful branch with close to long put of trunk developmental branch；
H) flower and fruit management
With pollinizers are planted, beehive is put into peach garden by flowering stage, and beehive is evenly dispersed, and 2~3 mu put a case, forbids during putting bee
Spray insecticide pesticide；
Florescence, which meets rainy weather, should be aided with artificial pollination；
Full-bloom stage 0.3%~0.5% urea of spray and 0.1%~0.3% borax add 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution；
Reveal thin inflorescence under removing back of red phase, the in due course fruit thinning of young fruit period in bud；
Bagging was carried out to the peach fruit born in 25~30 days after spending, desinsection, a fungicide must be sprayed before bagging；
I) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Annual 5~August part with waste mineral water bottle hang sugar-vinegar liquid, sugar, vinegar, wine, water ratio be 4~6:3~5:0.5~1.5:
25~35,2~4/mu, per half a month periodic replacement sugar-vinegar liquid simultaneously often check that pest trapping situation instructs chemical medication in time,
And frequency vibration lamp is installed and carries out light trap, 1/hectare；
Clean orchard after fruit picking in time, and by the peach leaf of cleaning, branch concentrate it is buried, burn or retting green manure.
2. a kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in step e), every 667m2Using 10kg urea, every 667m2Using 3 15% water-soluble balance compound fertilizer 20kg of content, often
667m2Using potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10kg, the concentration of fertilizer of sprinkling is urea 0.25%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.25%, borax
0.3%, amino-acid zinc 0.07% and amino acid iron 0.03%.
3. a kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in step g), the winter cuts rear every 667m2Retain branch amount 8000.
4. a kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in step h), full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution that 0.4% urea and 0.2% borax add 0.3%.
5. a kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement planting culture methods in one ridge of flat land peach according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in step i), sugar, vinegar, wine, water ratio be 5:4:1:30,3/mu, and install frequency vibration lamp carry out light trap, 1/
Hectare.
6. being planted according to claim 1 to a kind of double ditch direct motion V-arrangement dense planting in one ridge of flat land peach described in any claim in 5
Culture method, it is characterised in that: the farmyard manure in step b) is sheep dung and/or cow dung.
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