CN107484611A - One kind eats peach method for planting raw - Google Patents
One kind eats peach method for planting raw Download PDFInfo
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- CN107484611A CN107484611A CN201710773176.4A CN201710773176A CN107484611A CN 107484611 A CN107484611 A CN 107484611A CN 201710773176 A CN201710773176 A CN 201710773176A CN 107484611 A CN107484611 A CN 107484611A
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- fruit
- peach
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- soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to eat peach method for planting raw, comprises the following steps：(1) transplant：Seedling root is soaked 5 minutes with 1% copper sulphate before plant, then is put into soak 2 minutes in 2% lime liquor and carries out disinfection；Root system spread apart, nursery stock righting, graft union are gently carried seedling when banketing, having peace of mind, make root system and soil fully contiguity upwards towards direction windward when planting seedling；The depth of planting is equal with ground with rhizome portion；After plantation, pour water immediately；(2) pruning；(3) flower and fruit management；(4) soil management；(5) apply fertilizer.The present invention's eats peach method for planting raw, using the plant of science, trimming, flower and fruit management, soil management and fertilizing method, is reducing the use of agricultural chemicals, reduce environmental hazard, while reducing the residues of pesticides on fruit, the fruiting rate and fruit quality of peach are improved, is increased economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, more particularly to one kind eats peach method for planting raw.
Background technology
Peach, the rose family, peach category are sweet and delicious, and rich in multivitamin, the content of protein doubles than apple, grape,
Seven times more than pear；The content of iron five times more than pear, is known as the good reputation of " queen in fruit " three times more than apple.Also there is U.S.
The functions such as skin, clearing stomach, moistening lung, eliminating the phlegm, anti-anemia action, anticoagulant effect, anti-hepatic fibrosis, inducing diuresis for treating strangurtia, always extensively by consumer
Welcome.
Existing peach planting technology be built upon using on the basis of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, be all with industry standard
Agricultural is treated, pest and disease damage easily occurs for peach, so easily softening plus fruit usually using Multiple Pesticides in planting process kind
Rot, it is fresh-keeping usually using toxic chemical after harvesting.Due to largely using various fertilizer, making peach, only long branches and leaves are not tied
Fruit, after stimulating peach to grow luxuriant branches and leaves using a large amount of fertilizer, it is necessary to remove Pruning and rectifying, promote peach result.Institute
To need one kind to improve peach yield and fruit quality, the peach of environmental hazard and health hazard caused by agricultural chemicals etc. is reduced
Method for planting.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problem of the prior art, the embodiments of the invention provide one kind to eat peach method for planting raw.The technology
Scheme is as follows：
On the one hand, one kind eats peach method for planting raw, comprises the following steps：
(1) transplant：Seedling root is soaked 5 minutes with 1% copper sulphate before plant, then is put into 2% lime liquor and soaks 2 minutes
Row sterilization；Root system spread apart, nursery stock righting, graft union are gently carried seedling when banketing, stepped on upwards towards direction windward when planting seedling
It is real, make root system and soil fully contiguity；The depth of planting is equal with ground with rhizome portion；After plantation, pour water immediately；
(2) pruning；
(3) flower and fruit management；
(4) soil management；
(5) apply fertilizer.
Further, in step (1) plant, the plant time is：To before the peach rudiment of spring next year after fall foliage
It can transplant, being planted with the autumn is advisable；The area of freeze injury or arid stripping be present, preferably transplanted in spring；Northern Area of Huaihe River, which plants sprout, to be had
Beneficial to shaping then.
Further, in step (1) plant, planting pit size is 80cm × 80cm × 80cm, in sand barrenly
It can increase；Organic fertilizer is applied in planting hole or planting furrow.
Further, in the step (1) plant, planting density is according to the land occupation condition, kind, pruning side in field
Depending on formula and managerial skills, distance between rows and hills (3-5) m × (4-6) m.
Further, in step (1) plant, for stock in Northern Area of Huaihe River based on wild peach and mountain peach, a small amount of nursery stock can
To select Gansu peach or Xinjiang peach；Using having stronger adaptability in the nursery stock production of free stock.
Further, in step (1) plant, the nursery stock main root of selection is complete, a minimum of three not damageds on main root
Lateral root, capillary root is dense, and whole root system is disease-free, viability is strong, budders intact, and scapus is healthy and strong, not damaged.
Further, step (2) pruning specifically includes following steps：
Treelet phase and result initial stage：Sapling up-growth is vigorous, should pay attention to summer pruning, and mainly based on shaping, culture is good
It is tree-like, expand tree crown as early as possible, cultivate firm skeleton；To skeleton branch, extend branch cutting back, non-skeleton branch light pruning length is put, ahead of time
As a result, all kinds of fruit-bearing shoot clusters are gradually cultivated；
The best fruiting period：Keep tree vigo(u)r balance early stage, cultivate various types of fruit-bearing shoot clusters；Before middle and later periods will press down after rush, retraction
Renewal, cultivates new branch group and master, side shoot end of the branch, prevents from moving outside early ageing and setting fruit position；Fruit-bearing shoot cluster will be constantly updated；Pay attention to
Summer pruning.
Further, step (3) flower and fruit management specifically includes following steps：
Flower and fruit thinning：Flower thinning is carried out in big flower bud phase, and fruit thinning is carried out after fallen flowers before two weeks to the stone phase；From inside outwards, first
Under after upper；Fruit thinning removes fruitlet, double fruits, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit first；Next to that towards day fruit, the fruit on no leaf fruit branch；Select and remain portion
Position is with fruit branch both sides, and the fruit grown downwards is preferably；Long fruit branch stays 3-4, and medium fruit branch stays 2-3, fruit spur, boundray branch
Stay 1 or do not stay；
Fruit bagging：The timely bagging after fruit is determined；A bactericide and insecticide are sprayed before bagging, selects anti-rainwater to rush
Brush, gas permeability and the good paper tape of light-shading effect, late-maturing after first precocious during bagging, the low kind of fruit-setting rate can cover in evening, individual plant set
Bag order from inside to outside, reduces empty bag rate；Bag is solved to carry out within 10-20 days before fruit maturation, not the kind of easy coloring, in tree crown
The bad area of thorax, illumination can solve bag in advance, and single ply bag first opens bottom before solving bag, gradually removes bag；Double-ply bag is divided to two
It is secondary to have solved, solve internal layer after first solving outer layer；Place, the serious kind of dehiscent fruit and the product easily coloured that fructescence rainwater is concentrated
Kind can not understand bag；The fair weather solution bag time is in the morning 9:00-11:00 or afternoon 4:Carried out after 00, it is high to avoid noon strong light
The warm time.
Further, the specific steps of step (4) soil management include：
Plough deeply and improve the soil：Plough deeply and improve the soil with reference to autumn basal dressing after annual autumn fruit harvesting, expand cave and plough deeply as outside planting pit
Dig annular groove or parallel ditch, deep 30-45cm, furrow width 50cm；Full garden is ploughed deeply and should all plough deeply the soil outside planting hole, depth
30-40cm, soil are mixed into organic fertilizer when backfilling, then fully poured water；
Intertillage：Orchard Growing season rainfall or after pouring water, intertillage in time is loosened the soil, weeding, intertillage depth 5-10cm；
Cover grass and bury grass：Covering material can use wheat straw, wheat bran, corn stalk or hay, and covering is covered under tree crown,
Thickness 10-15cm, above firming；
Green manuring and inter-row green covering covering：Carry out Cover with weed in peach garden；The interrow crop of plantation should be with peach without general character disease
The shallow root of insect pest, short stem plant, are advisable with legume and grass family, are cut off when growing vigorous and are covered in tree disk, general every
3-4 is turned over 1 time.
Further in the specific steps of step (5) fertilising include：
Base manure：Applied after autumn fruit harvesting, based on farm manure, mix a small amount of chemical fertilizer；Dose is applied by 1kg peach fruits
1.5-2.0kg farm manures calculate；Fertilizing method is dug radial furrow, annular groove or parallel ditch and is spread fertilizer over the fields burial, ditch depth based on ditch spread
30-45cm, fertilising position is in the range of crown mapping；
Top dressing：Fruit development early stage of earsh and bearing-age tree, top dressing is based on nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer；The fruit development later stage is with phosphorus potassium
Based on fertilizer；Away from stopping foliage spray in 20 days fruit harvesting phases；Growing season top dressing avoids simple nitrogen topdressing based on composite fertilizer
Fertilizer.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is：The present invention's eats peach method for planting raw, makes
With the plant of science, trimming, flower and fruit management, soil management and fertilizing method, the use of agricultural chemicals is being reduced, is reducing environmental hazard,
While reducing the residues of pesticides on fruit, the fruiting rate and fruit quality of peach are improved, is increased economic efficiency.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is made below further
It is described in detail on ground.
Embodiment
1st, variety selection
According to weather, kind planning side is formulated with reference to the type of kind, maturity period, quality, storage tolerance, resistance etc.
Case；Consider the composite factors such as market, traffic, consumption and social economy simultaneously.The ratio of main breed and pollinated variety typically exists
5-8:1；When the pollen sterility of main cultivation, the ratio of main breed and pollinated variety is improved to 2-4:1.
2nd, planting technique
2.1 planting generation
To can transplant before the peach rudiment of spring next year after fall foliage, being planted with the autumn is advisable；Freeze injury be present or arid is taken out
The area of bar, preferably transplanted in spring.Northern Area of Huaihe River plants sprout and is advantageous to shape then.
2.2 method for planting
Planting pit size is preferably 80cm × 80cm × 80cm, can suitably be increased on the barren ground of sand.Planting hole or planting furrow
The organic fertilizer of interior application should meet 6.2 requirement.
After being soaked 5 minutes with 1% copper sulphate to seedling root before plant, then it is put into soak 2 minutes in 2% lime liquor and is disappeared
Poison.
Root system spread apart, nursery stock righting, graft union are gently carried seedling when banketing, stepped on upwards towards direction windward when planting seedling
It is real, make root system and soil fully contiguity.The depth of planting is advisable so that rhizome portion is equal with ground.After plantation, pour water immediately.
2.3 planting systems and density
Planting density should be according to land occupation condition (including weather, soil and physical features etc.), kind, the pruning mode in field
With depending on managerial skills etc., general distance between rows and hills 3-5m × 4-6m.
2.4 Root-stock selection
Based on wild peach and mountain peach, a small amount of nursery stock can select Gansu peach or Xinjiang peach for Northern Area of Huaihe River.According to Xi'an periphery
The production practices of orchard worker, using having stronger adaptability in the nursery stock production of free stock.
The selection of 2.5 nursery stocks
The nursery stock main root of selection is complete, and a minimum of three undamaged lateral roots on main root, capillary root is dense, whole root system without
Disease, viability are strong.Budder intact.Scapus is healthy and strong, not damaged.
3rd, pruning
3.1 is main tree-like
Northern Area of Huaihe River production on common are two kinds it is tree-like.
3.1.1 three open-center shape
High 40-60cm is done, three major branches is selected and remain, is distributed on trunk in picturesque disorder.Major branch direction should not due south.Major branch point
Branch angle is at 40 ° -70 °；Each major branch configures 2-3 side shoot, in forward arranging, 70 ° of side shoot spreading angle.
3.1.2 the happy shape of two major branches
Do high 40-50cm, two major branch angles are 60 ° -90 °, on major branch raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster or direct cultivation results branch.
3.2 trimming main points
3.2.1 treelet phase and result initial stage
Sapling up-growth is vigorous, should pay attention to summer pruning.Mainly based on shaping, culture is good tree-like.Expand tree crown as early as possible,
Cultivate firm skeleton；To skeleton branch, extend branch appropriateness cutting back, non-skeleton branch light pruning length is put, ahead of time result, gradually culture is each
Class fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
3.2.2 the best fruiting period
The main task of trimming is to keep tree vigo(u)r balance early stage, cultivates various types of fruit-bearing shoot clusters.Before middle and later periods will press down
After rush, retraction renewal, new branch group and master, side shoot end of the branch are cultivated, prevent from moving outside early ageing and setting fruit position.Fruit-bearing shoot cluster is continuous
Renewal.Summer pruning should be paid attention to.
4th, flower and fruit management
4.1 flower and fruit thinning
4.1.1 principle
According to variety characteristic and fructescence, yield is adjusted by measures such as pruning, flower and fruit thinnings.It is general every
667m2In 1250-2500kg.Pollen development is not complete, viability is low, the kind of fruit setting ability, and flower thinning is not needed in production, and
Directly take fruit thinning.
4.1.2 period
Flower thinning is carried out in big flower bud phase (Northern Area of Huaihe River late March)；Fruit thinning (Huaibei after fallen flowers before two weeks to the stone phase
Area's mid-April) carry out.
4.1.3 method
Specific steps from inside outwards, it is first up and then down.Fruit thinning removes fruitlet, double fruits, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit first；Next to that
Towards day fruit, the fruit on no leaf fruit branch.Position is selected and remain with fruit branch both sides, the fruit grown downwards is preferably.Long fruit branch stays 3-4, middle fruit
Branch stays 2-3, and fruit spur, boundray branch stay 1 or do not stayed.
4.2 fruit bagging
4.2.1 bagged stage and method
The timely bagging (or so Northern Area of Huaihe River the middle ten days and the last ten days in May) after fruit is determined.A bactericide (anti-perforation is sprayed before bagging
Disease and anthracnose) and insecticide (anti-scale insect, leaf roller, moth fruit insect), select anti-rain drop erosion, gas permeability and light-shading effect
Good paper tape.
Bagging order be：Late-maturing after first precocious, the low kind of fruit-setting rate can cover in evening, and individual plant bagging order from inside to outside, subtracts
Few empty bag rate.
4.2.2 bag is solved
Solve bag to carry out within 10-20 days typically before fruit maturation, not the kind of easy coloring, the bad ground of thorax, illumination in tree crown
Area can suitably solve bag in advance.Before solving bag, single ply bag first opens bottom, gradually removes bag；Double-ply bag should solve at twice, first
Internal layer is solved after solution outer layer.Fructescence rainwater compares the place of concentration, the serious kind of dehiscent fruit and the kind easily coloured
Bag can not understood.The fair weather solution bag time should be in the morning 9:00-11:00, afternoon 4:Carried out after 00, avoid noon strong light high temperature
Time.
5th, soil management
5.1 plough deeply and improve the soil
Plough deeply and improve the soil with reference to autumn basal dressing after annual autumn fruit harvesting, expand cave and plough deeply to dig ring-type outside in planting pit (ditch)
Ditch or parallel ditch, deep 30-45cm, furrow width 50cm.Full garden is ploughed deeply and should all plough deeply the soil outside planting hole, depth 30-40cm
Soil is mixed into organic fertilizer when backfilling, and then fully pours water.
5.2 intertillage
Orchard Growing season rainfall or after pouring water, intertillage in time is loosened the soil, weeding, intertillage depth 5-10cm.
5.3 cover grass and bury grass
Covering material can use wheat straw, wheat bran, corn stalk, hay etc., covering is covered under tree crown, thickness 10-
15cm, upper face pressure are native on a small quantity.
5.4 green manurings and inter-row green covering covering
Advocate peach garden and carry out Cover with weed.The interrow crop of plantation should with shallow root of the peach without general character pest and disease damage, short stem plant,
It is advisable with legume and grass family, is cut off when growing vigorous and be covered in tree disk, it is general to be turned over 1 time per 3-4.
6th, apply fertilizer
6.1 fertilization principle
Performed according to NY/T496 fertilizer reasonable application, the fertilizer applied should not be to orchard environment and fruit quality
Harmful effect is produced, should be by administrative department in charge of agriculture's registration or the fertilizer from registration.Advocate according to soil and blade
Trophic analysis carry out rational application of fertilizers and balance fertilizing.
6.2 allow the fertilizer type that uses
6.2.1 organic fertilizer：Including compost, make compost, matting lavatory fertilizer, biogas manure, green manure, crop material fertilizer, sludge, cake fertilizer etc.
Farm manure and organic commercial fertilizer, organic composite (mixed) fertilizer etc.；The sanitary index of farm manure according to NY/T5002-2001 appendix C
Perform.
6.2.2 humic acid fertilizers：Including humic acids fertilizer.
6.2.3 chemical fertilizer：Including the macroelement fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace-element fertilizer and compound fertilizer etc..
6.2.4 microbial manure：Fertilizer including microorganism formulation and Jing Guo microbiological treatment.
6.2.5 the item that should be noted that in the fertilizer used
Prohibit the use of the municipal refuse without harmless treatment or the rubbish containing harmful substances such as heavy metal, rubber and plastics
Rubbish；Control uses nitrogen fertilizer, containing nitrogen composite fertilizer and without decomposed night soil；Country saves what explicit stipulation prohibitted the use of
Fertilizer and the fertilizer product for not being approved registration.
6.3 fertilizing methods and quantity
6.3.1 base manure
Applied after autumn fruit harvesting, based on farm manure, mix a small amount of chemical fertilizer.Dose applies 1.5- by 1kg peach fruits
The high-quality farm manures of 2.0kg calculate.Fertilizing method is dug radial furrow, annular groove or parallel ditch and is spread fertilizer over the fields burial, ditch depth based on ditch spread
30-45cm, fertilising position is in the range of crown mapping.
6.3.2 top dressing
The number of top dressing, quantity, time etc. according to kind, the age of tree, cultivation management mode, grow period and the external world
Condition etc. and it is different.Fruit development early stage of earsh and bearing-age tree, top dressing is based on nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer；The fruit development later stage with
Based on phosphorus potash fertilizer.The high temperature and drought phase should be applied by the lower limit of use range, away from stopping foliage spray in 20 days fruit harvesting phases.It is raw
Long season top dressing will be avoided based on composite fertilizer and imposed the purity nitrogens such as urea fertilizer merely.
7th, water management
Irrigation water requires pollution-free, and water quality should meet the concentration limit requirement of every pollutant during NY5113 is provided.Pay attention to
The rapid expanding stage of bud sprouting period, fruit and fallen leaves after it is freeze-up before should pour water in time.Will for for example not ended No. two grades of big fruit shape kind
Poured water initial stage in Fruit.
8th, fruit harvesting
Harvest time is determined according to fruit breediness, maturity, growth period and purposes.To be wanted after fruit harvesting by standard
Ask and carry out fruit classification, pack, start shipment.
9th, integrated pest prevention and control
9.1 control principle
Implement " putting prevention first, integrated control " plant protection policy and " control morning, control it is small, control " requirement, with agricultural and thing
Based on reason preventing and treating, using biological control as core, according to pest and disease damage pests occurrence rule, effectively scientifical use Techniques For Chemical Control, control
Pest and disease damage processed.
9.2 cultural control
Rational pruning, keep tree crown ventilation and penetrating light good.Sensible load, keep tree body healthy and strong.Take and wipe out sick branch, people
Work catches, remove dry branches and fallen leaves, turn over tree disk, ground improving straw mulching, ground overlay film, the measure such as apply fertilizers scientifically suppress or reduced disease pest
Evil occurs.
9.3 physical control
According to pest and disease damage biological characteristics, sugar-vinegar liquid, black light lamp, trunk is taken to twine the side such as grass bundle, sticker and fly net
Method insect-killing trapping.
9.4 biological control
Protect and using natural enemies such as ladybug, Chrysopa, Predatory Mites, using beneficial microbe or other metabolins, such as utilize elder brother
Worm extra-sexual hormone is trapped and killed.
9.5 chemical prevention
According to the biological characteristics and harmful characteristics of controlling object, advocate using biogenic pesticide, mineral source pesticide, forbid
Use severe toxicity, high poison, high residue and teratogenesis, carcinogenic, mutagenesis agricultural chemicals.
The agricultural chemicals that No. 199 Ministry of Agriculture's bulletins are prohibited to use：BHC, DDT, toxaphene, two Australia's chloropropanes, kill
Worm amidine, two Australia's ethane, nitrofen, drinox, dieldrite, mercurial, arsenic, lead class, oppose withered double, chloroethene acid amide, gliftor, malicious mouse
By force, Fratol, silatran.
The agricultural chemicals that must not be used：Acephatemet, parathion-methyl, parathion, Azodrin, phosphamidon, thimet, the different willow of methyl
Phosphorus, terbufos, phosfolan_methyl, sulfotep, demeton, carbofuran, Aldicarb, phonamiphos, phosfolan, Resistox, ground worm
Sulphur phosphorus, isazofos, fenamiphos.
9.6 allow the pesticide species that use
Closed using during chemical pesticide in strict accordance with GB4285 major experiments standard, GB/T8231 (all parts) agricultural chemicals
The requirement of usage criteria, Charge control and safety interval are managed, and is performed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant regulations issued by the State.
The present invention's eats peach method for planting raw, uses the plant of science, trimming, flower and fruit management, soil management and fertilising side
Method, the use of agricultural chemicals is being reduced, is reducing environmental hazard, while reducing the residues of pesticides on fruit, improving the fruiting rate of peach
And fruit quality, increase economic efficiency.
For other alternative solutions of above-mentioned technical characteristic, the present invention will not enumerate herein.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
1. one kind eats peach method for planting raw, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
(1) transplant：Seedling root is soaked 5 minutes with 1% copper sulphate before plant, then is put into soak 2 minutes in 2% lime liquor and is disappeared
Poison；Root system spread apart, nursery stock righting, graft union are gently carried seedling when banketing, having peace of mind, made upwards towards direction windward when planting seedling
Root system and soil fully contiguity；The depth of planting is equal with ground with rhizome portion；After plantation, pour water immediately；
(2) pruning；
(3) flower and fruit management；
(4) soil management；
(5) apply fertilizer.
2. eat peach method for planting raw as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1) plant, transplant the time
For：To can transplant before the peach rudiment of spring next year after fall foliage, being planted with the autumn is advisable；The ground of freeze injury or arid stripping be present
Area, transplanted in spring；Northern Area of Huaihe River plants sprout and is advantageous to shape then.
3. eat peach method for planting raw as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that in step (1) plant, planting pit size
For 80cm × 80cm × 80cm, can be increased on the barren ground of sand；Organic fertilizer is applied in planting hole or planting furrow.
4. eat peach method for planting raw as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that in step (1) plant, planting density root
Depending on the land occupation condition in field, kind, pruning mode and managerial skills, distance between rows and hills (3-5) m × (4-6) m.
5. eat peach method for planting raw as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that in step (1) plant, stock is in the Huaibei
Based on wild peach and mountain peach, a small amount of nursery stock can select Gansu peach or Xinjiang peach in area；Using having in the nursery stock production of free stock
Stronger adaptability.
6. eat peach method for planting raw as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that in step (1) plant, the nursery stock of selection
Main root is complete, and a minimum of three undamaged lateral roots on main root, capillary root is dense, and whole root system is disease-free, viability is strong, budders
Intact, scapus is healthy and strong, not damaged.
7. eat peach method for planting raw as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that step (2) pruning specifically includes
Following steps：
Treelet phase and result initial stage：Sapling up-growth is vigorous, should pay attention to summer pruning, and mainly based on shaping, culture is good tree-like,
Expand tree crown as early as possible, cultivate firm skeleton；To skeleton branch, extend branch cutting back, non-skeleton branch light pruning length put, ahead of time result,
Gradually cultivate all kinds of fruit-bearing shoot clusters；
The best fruiting period：Keep tree vigo(u)r balance early stage, cultivate various types of fruit-bearing shoot clusters；Before middle and later periods will press down after rush, retraction renewal,
New branch group and master, side shoot end of the branch are cultivated, prevents from moving outside early ageing and setting fruit position；Fruit-bearing shoot cluster will be constantly updated；Pay attention to summer
Trimming.
8. eat peach method for planting raw as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that step (3) flower and fruit management specifically includes
Following steps：
Flower and fruit thinning：Flower thinning is carried out in big flower bud phase, and fruit thinning is carried out after fallen flowers before two weeks to the stone phase；From inside outwards, after first upper
Under；Fruit thinning removes fruitlet, double fruits, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit first；Next to that towards day fruit, the fruit on no leaf fruit branch；Select and remain position with
Fruit branch both sides, the fruit grown downwards is preferably；Long fruit branch stays 3-4, and medium fruit branch stays 2-3, and fruit spur, boundray branch stay 1
It is individual or do not stay；
Fruit bagging：The timely bagging after fruit is determined；A bactericide and insecticide are sprayed before bagging, select anti-rain drop erosion, thoroughly
Gas and the good paper tape of light-shading effect, late-maturing after first precocious during bagging, the low kind of fruit-setting rate can cover in evening, and individual plant bagging is sequentially
From inside to outside, empty bag rate is reduced；Solve bag to carry out within 10-20 days before fruit maturation, not the kind of easy coloring, thorax, illumination in tree crown
Bad area can solve bag in advance, and single ply bag first opens bottom before solving bag, gradually removes bag；Double-ply bag has solved at twice,
Internal layer is solved after first solving outer layer；Place, the serious kind of dehiscent fruit and the kind that easily colours that fructescence rainwater is concentrated can not
Solve bag；The fair weather solution bag time is in the morning 9:00-11:00 or afternoon 4:Carried out after 00, avoid noon strong light high-temperature time.
9. eat peach method for planting raw as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the specific step of step (4) soil management
Suddenly include：
Plough deeply and improve the soil：Plough deeply and improve the soil with reference to autumn basal dressing after annual autumn fruit harvesting, expand cave and plough deeply to dig ring outside planting pit
Shape ditch or parallel ditch, deep 30-45cm, furrow width 50cm；Full garden is ploughed deeply and should all plough deeply the soil outside planting hole, depth 30-
40cm, soil are mixed into organic fertilizer when backfilling, then fully poured water；
Intertillage：Orchard Growing season rainfall or after pouring water, intertillage in time is loosened the soil, weeding, intertillage depth 5-10cm；
Cover grass and bury grass：Covering material can use wheat straw, wheat bran, corn stalk or hay, covering is covered under tree crown, thickness
10-15cm, above firming；
Green manuring and inter-row green covering covering：Carry out Cover with weed in peach garden；The interrow crop of plantation should be with peach without general character pest and disease damage
Shallow root, short stem plant, be advisable with legume and grass family, cut off when growing vigorous and be covered in tree disk, it is general per 3-4
Turn over 1 time.
10. eat peach method for planting raw as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that the specific steps bag of step (5) fertilising
Include：
Base manure：Applied after autumn fruit harvesting, based on farm manure, mix a small amount of chemical fertilizer；Dose applies 1.5- by 1kg peach fruits
2.0kg farm manures calculate；Fertilizing method is dug radial furrow, annular groove or parallel ditch and is spread fertilizer over the fields burial, ditch depth 30- based on ditch spread
45cm, fertilising position is in the range of crown mapping；
Top dressing：Fruit development early stage of earsh and bearing-age tree, top dressing is based on nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer；The fruit development later stage using phosphorus potash fertilizer as
It is main；Away from stopping foliage spray in 20 days fruit harvesting phases；Growing season top dressing avoids simple nitrogen topdressing fertilizer based on composite fertilizer.
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| CN110972790A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-10 | 湖南乐原农业发展有限公司 | Comprehensive organic cultivation method for non-vine fruit trees |
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Application publication date: 20171219 |