CN105900630A - Strawberry pollution-free planting method - Google Patents
Strawberry pollution-free planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105900630A CN105900630A CN201610243336.XA CN201610243336A CN105900630A CN 105900630 A CN105900630 A CN 105900630A CN 201610243336 A CN201610243336 A CN 201610243336A CN 105900630 A CN105900630 A CN 105900630A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention discloses a strawberry pollution-free planting method comprising the following steps: 1, building a seedling breeding garden; 2, selecting and planting seedlings; 3, managing the breeding garden; 4, temporary planting seedling growing; 5, promoting cultivation management; 6, insect disease control. Compared with the strawberry routine production technology in the prior art, the strawberry pollution-free planting method can product strawberry according to corresponding production technology standards, considers yield and quality in the production process, can prevent continuous cropping obstacles and unreasonable applications of fertilizers and pesticides, thus ensuring strawberry fresh fruit quality, greatly reducing strawberry fresh fruit pesticide residual pollution, ensuring safety on people tongue tips, improving people life quality, and obviously improving yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, belong to horticultural gardening planting technology field.
Background technology
Fructus Fragariae Ananssae belongs to Rosaceae Fragaria herbaceos perennial on botany, strong adaptability, cultivation is extensively, it it is the small berries that economic worth is higher, its fruit soft and succulency, sour and sweet palatability, nutritious, and beautiful appearance, give off a strong fragrance, thus at home and abroad market enjoys favor, is described as " fruit queen ".Can gather in the crops after the Common Cultivation several months, May, listing supply, filled up fruit market in dull season.Also can carry out forcing culture with protecting field or repeatedly produce in 1 year, year-round supply, be a kind of small investment, industrial crops that income is high.Strawberry fruit is in addition to eating raw, it is also possible to make many converted productss, such as strawberry jam, Fructus Fragariae Ananssae juice, canned strawberry, Strawberry beverage, Strawberry Juice, strawberry wine, strawberry ice-cream etc., there is flavour, quality is better than the converted products of other fruit, can store for a long time, supplies market at any time.But, constantly expand at cultivated strawberry area, while yield improves constantly, due to weight yield lightweight in production process, add that canopy room continuous cropping obstacle is serious, chemical fertilizer, the irrational use of pesticide, Fructus Fragariae Ananssae is made to be polluted by excess nitrogenous fertilizer, pesticide residues, product interior quality declines, and palatability is poor, and not only the market price of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae declines, also threaten the health of consumer, constrain the outlet of strawberry product simultaneously.Along with Fructus Fragariae Ananssae is eaten raw the generally raising of fruit quality safety requirements by consumer, nuisanceless Fructus Fragariae Ananssae is very praised highly, it is to avoid pesticide residual contamination, improves strawberry fruit safety and has become the important content of high-quality strawberry production." " is the major issue concerning health of people on the tip of the tongue safely, cause the highest attention of consumer, it is main greenhouse strawberry as eating raw, rapid raising along with people's living standard, consumption figure constantly increases, increasingly important to edible safety therewith, it is ensured that Fructus Fragariae Ananssae fresh fruit quality, greatly reduce Fructus Fragariae Ananssae fresh fruit pesticide residual contamination, be current strawberry production person's vital task.
Therefore, generally weighing yield lightweight in current strawberry production, in Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, the content of harmful substance (such as pesticide residues, heavy metal, nitrite etc.) often exceeds the allowed band of national regulation, after people are edible, health is often resulted in impact.Along with the raising of people's living standard, more and more urgent to the needs of non-harmful product.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) rice shoot breeding garden is set up: selected reproduction garden, nursery soil is sterilized, and ploughs whole fertilising, bedding；
(2) seedling selects and plants: select kind according to weather conditions, product purpose, the market demand and place of production traffic, selects the virus-free Seedling of tissue culture to plant, every mu of maternal plant 800～1200 strain of planting；
(3) breed the management in garden: loosen the soil in time after cultivation and water, extract scape, reduce nutrient consumption, inspire stolon and form healthy and strong sub-strain；In the stolon emergence period, benefit spraying fertilizer 2～3 times；Arrange stem in time climing, prevent from mutually pitching and falling to ground；Foliage-spray gibberellins, finally carries out weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(4) nursery is heeled in: select temporary seedbed or nutritive cube, before heeling in, execute decomposed manure；Choose 2～3 launch leaves the sub-transplantation of seedlings of stolon enter seedbed or nutritive cube, water permeable after planting immediately, within first week, shade, and in three days every day spray 2 water；Water in time or spray water to keep ground moistening later；
(5) forcing culture management: booth forcing culture, after terminal bud starts to break up 30 days, when extraneous nighttime temperature drops to 8 DEG C, starts insulation；Insulation initial stage, florescence, Fruit and period of maturation control different temperature and humidity conditions respectively；Topdressing row 4～5 times of spouting, drip irrigation is watered；Gibberellin treatment is carried out 2 leaf not deployed phases；Carry out plant in time to arrange and flowers and fruits arrangement；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
As preferably, soil disinfection described in step (1) is chemical disinfection or solar disinfection；Described to plough whole fertilising be that soil ploughs 20～25 centimetres, and uses sufficient barnyard manure 1500～2000 kgs/acre, and 45% NPK 30～40 kgs/acre, the bedding of whole ground, 1.5 meters or 2.5 meters wide.
As another kind preferred, plant described in step (2) as field planting one in the middle of 1.5 meters of wide furrow, spacing in the rows 40～60 centimetres；Or 2.5 meters of wide ridge cultivations of bag ditch plant two, 50 centimeters from limes marginis each cultivations one, spacing in the rows 50～80 centimetres；The time of planting is that late Febuary is at the beginning of 4 months.
Preferred as another kind, mending spraying fertilizer described in step (3) is: every mu of each 10～15 kilograms of NPKs, or combines to loosen the soil and gently water with the thin enzymatic microorganism liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed；
The described gibberellins that sprays is: 0.3～0.5 gram of former powder of gibberellins, dissolves with ethanol, adds 10 kg of water, every strain diluent 5～10 milliliters, foliage-spray.
Preferred as another kind, described in step (4), temporary seedbed is wide 1.2 meters, executes decomposed manure 2000 kilograms for every mu；Described nutritive cube diameter 10 centimetres or 12 centimetres, every cubic metre adds well-rotted farmyard manure 20 kilograms；The time of heeling in is to open or mid-August in mid-July, the last ten-days period；
Described heel in after sub-Seedling survives, extract dead leaf, sick leaf and the stolon of pumping and axillalry bud in time, prevent and treat anthrax, brown spot, leaf spot, aphid and red spider pest and disease damage in time.
Preferred as another kind, it is incubated the initial stage described in step (5): control daytime at 28～30 DEG C, the highest not can exceed that 35 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 12～15 DEG C, minimum cannot be below 8 DEG C, humid control is 85%～90%；
In described florescence: control daytime at 22～25 DEG C, the highest not can exceed that 28 DEG C, night, temperature 10 DEG C, minimum cannot be below 8 DEG C, and humid control is 40%；
Described Fruit and period of maturation: control daytime at 20-25 DEG C, night more than 5 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-70%.
Preferred as another kind, topdress described in step (5) for: based on nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, each 10～15 kilograms every mu and combine Australia liquid fertilizer 2A:1B100 times, Ao Puer 800 imposes again.
Preferred as another kind, gibberellins concentration 50～80ppm described in step (5), every strain 3～5 milliliters, it is sprayed at Seedling in the heart.
Preferred as another kind, described in step (6), prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control principle is: take yellow card's trap, the frequency formula trapping lamp that shakes, plantation Trap plants or interplanting Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii class plant trapping to walk quickly and keep away insect, pesticide preferentially uses biological pesticide, uses efficient, the chemical pesticide of low toxicity, low-residual selectively.
Beneficial effect: compare current Fructus Fragariae Ananssae conventional manufacturing techniques, the present invention uses Fructus Fragariae Ananssae No-harmful apple orchard technology, this production method can produce according to corresponding production technical standard, more payes attention to quality while weight yield in production process, continuous cropping obstacle and chemical fertilizer, the irrational use of pesticide can be avoided, ensure Fructus Fragariae Ananssae fresh fruit quality, greatly reduce Fructus Fragariae Ananssae fresh fruit pesticide residual contamination, it is ensured that people's " safety on the tip of the tongue ", thus improve people's quality of life, and significantly improve yield.
Detailed description of the invention
According to following embodiment, the present invention be may be better understood.But, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the content described by embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should be also without limitation on the present invention described in detail in claims.
Embodiment 1:
Step 1, Fruit variety:
In conjunction with the selecting factors high-qualitys such as weather conditions, product purpose, the market demand and place of production traffic, disease-resistant, high yield kind, simultaneously it is also contemplated that the difference of strawberry cultivars dormancy.Forcing culture select bud differentiation early, plant dormancy is shallow, breaking dormancy easily, bloom to short, the low temperature resistant kind of fruiting period.Outdoor cropping and Semi-forcing culture: the warmest and warmer area is as selected the shallower kind of dormancy on the south the Changjiang river, the relatively low area of temperature such as North of Yangtze River selects the kind that dormancy is medium or dormancy is deep.When carrying out nuisanceless strawberry production, more it should be noted that select the kind that disease resistance is strong, so can fundamentally reduce pollution by pesticides.North outdoor cropping at present mainly uses " all-star ", " precious friendship is the most raw ", " Ge Leila " and " Maria "；In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River uses " precious friendship is the most raw ", " large rich " and " Hani "；Sichuan and Guizhou two province use " Feng Xiang ", " spring is fragrant " and " precious friendship is the most raw "；South China district then with " precious hand over early raw ", " Feng Xiang ", " quiet perfume (or spice) " as main breed；The main cultivation in the facility cultivation aspect Yangtze river basin " red cheek ", " Ning Yu ", " fragrant for a long time ", " Feng Xiang " and " bright treasured " etc.；The north is main uses " Virginia ", " precious friendship is the most raw ", " all-star " and " Feng Xiang ".
Step 2, set up rice shoot breeding garden:
Set up nuisanceless Fructus Fragariae Ananssae rice shoot breeding garden, be to speed up reproduction speed and improve the important channel of the quality of seedlings, being to ensure that high yield, nuisanceless and efficient essential measure.Mainly there is the following aspects:
(1) selection in garden is bred: selection fertile soil is loose, physical features is higher, irrigation condition good and leeward plot on the sunny side.Require that soil is moist, do not harden, not hydrops, not continuous cropping, sandy loam without pest and disease damage.Seedbed is stopped in the ratio of 1:4.Preceding crop is Fructus Fragariae Ananssae or vegetable, should carry out soil chemistry sterilization or solar disinfection.
(2) whole fertilising is ploughed: upturned soil is frozen in winter ploughing, soil ploughs 20～25 centimetres.Early spring ploughing harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil one time, by the end of February front whole ground bedding, and use sufficient high-quality barnyard manure 1800 kgs/acre, 45% NPK 35 kgs/acre.Plough deeply rake whole carefully, make 1.5 meters or 2.5 meters wide flat furrow.
(3) seedling selects: preferably select the virus-free Seedling of tissue culture in production.Detoxic seedling growth potential is strong, and premunition is strong, and Fructus Fragariae Ananssae can fully show its breediness, and quality better, yield are high, typically increases production 15～30% than common seedling.Noting selecting simultaneously and excellent eliminate bad, the previous year is reserved to be selected healthy and strong anosis plant to do Second Year to breed seedling or remove the weak Seedling of disease Seedling in the fruit picking field later stage early spring, selecting good results strain, take out to go and stay Seedling.Eliminate the Seedling producing upper Hybridization and degeneration in time.
(4) planting system: the seeding row spacing that maternal plant is planted, should be according to breediness, planting generation, cultivation condition depending on.There is the kind that stolon ability is strong, bigger seeding row spacing can be used；Maternal plant is planted early, and fertilizer and water condition is relatively good, and cultivation management is fine, occurs stolon many, also should use bigger seeding row spacing.The kinds such as bright treasured, Feng Xiang, every maternal plant needs room 1～1.2 square metres, and the kind such as manger wood maiden, good fortune perfume, a chapter Ji, every maternal plant needs room 0.5 square metre.Every mu of excellent maternal plant 1000 strain of planting.1.5 field planting one in the middle of the wide furrow of rice, spacing in the rows 40～60 centimetres；Or 2.5 meters of wide ridge cultivations of bag ditch plant two.50 centimeters from limes marginis each cultivations one, spacing in the rows 50～80 centimetres.
(5) plant requirement: in maternal plant of planting at the beginning of late Febuary to 4 month, extend idiophase.The Lao Ye of maternal plant to be removed, residual leaf when planting.Require deeply not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting.The depth of planting makes lobus cardiacus base portion, collar top equal with soil face, by real during cultivation；Moisturizing of watering in time after cultivation promotees to live, (as drought and water shortage field can after setting-in watering empty in Seedling frame side at Seedling limit large clod or branch bar, cover ultra-thin mulch film in time, and 5 centimetres from the Seedling passages opening 22 centimetres of sizes.) moisturizing high temperature-proof again can promote alive.Mulch film is removed in mid or late April after normally surviving.
Step 3, the management in breeding garden:
(1) clay fertilizer water management: to loosen the soil in time after cultivation and water, takes root the loose damp soil condition of creation for seedling.The highest nitrogen flood, in case Seedling excessive growth, bud differentiation are obstructed and disease occurs.In the case of using sufficient base manure, typically it is not required to topdress.If plant growing way is more weak, can water in conjunction with loosening the soil.A water or little water light irrigation within 5～7 days, is watered during it drought, can not broad irrigation.The frequent shallow intertillage of weeding to be combined, wants timely draining fall stain when rainy day or flood.What base fertilizer was not enough, spraying fertilizer can be mended 2 times in the stolon emergence period, every mu of each 12 kilograms of NPKs, or combine to loosen the soil and gently water with the thin enzymatic microorganism liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
(2) maternal plant and the management of stolon:
1. extract scape: the maternal plant planted spring, it should be noted that remove the alabastrum occurred on maternal plant in time, reduce nutrient consumption, inspire stolon and form healthy and strong sub-strain.
2. arrange stem climing: plant the maternal plant in canopy, the conditions such as temperature of shed should be controlled, often arrange and fixing stolon, when preventing stolon from mutually pitching and falling to ground, vacancy can be directed it towards.At the leafage of stolon, use soil pressure stem, or be fixed with culm, arch iron wire etc., make sub-strain spacing keep 10～15 centimetres, after enough Seedlings, remove maternal plant Seedling and rear stolon seedling, thus reach ventilation and penetrating light between strain clump, it is ensured that each sub-strain has enough rooms.
3. spray gibberellins: 0.4 gram of former powder of gibberellins, dissolve with ethanol, add 10 kg of water, every strain diluent 5～10 milliliters, foliage-spray.
4. chemistry and artificial weeding: combine broken upturned soil, every mu of use 48% trifluralin ec 150～200 milliliters of native face even spraying before planting Seedling, to loosen the soil in time during arid after dispenser, can prevent and treat the annual grassy weeds rudiments such as grass family and be unearthed.The monocotyledon weed 2～3 leaf phase during growth, prevent and treat with cover grass energy, quizalofopethyl etc..And it is climing to arrange stem so that it is be evenly distributed, soil block pressure stem, promote to take root.
5. old leaf disease leaf is extractd: often extract ageing leaves and sick leaf, keep maternal plant 5～6 greenery and the sub-Seedling of stolon 4～5 greenery, promote that sub-Seedling accelerates growth.
6. insect pest preventing and controlling: growth early stage and Later growth such as occur subterranean pest-insect, available Le Siben 1500 times or 800 times of liquid of 90% trichlorphon sprinkle and water, also fragrant 10 kilograms of dusks of cake fertilizer be can stir with 90% trichlorphon or pungent phosphine sulfide Emulsion 150～200 grams of sprays and field, period poison bait spread fertilizer over the fields.Foliar pest selects farmland pleasure, amarolide, A Wei worm is clear, press down hooligan, the higher effective and lower toxic pesticide such as stuck gram, and disease polyoxy is clear, thiophanate methyl, Bravo, generation a kind of debita spissitudo of high each choosing is prevented and treated.
Step 4, heels in nursery
Heel in nursery to be conducive to cultivating stalwartness, neat rice shoot and bud differentiation ahead of time.Typically there is seedbed to heel in and heel in two ways with nutritive cube.
Temporary seedbed is wide 1.2 meters, executes decomposed manure 2000 kilograms for every mu；Plastic nutritional alms bowl diameter 10 centimetres or 12 centimetres, nursery soil is the rural area table soil few without pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, and every cubic metre adds well-rotted farmyard manure 20 kilograms.Depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings and weather in 7 months, the last ten-days period start to heel in, south Semi-forcing culture and outdoor cropping can postpone till mid-August.Choose 2～3 sub-Seedlings of stolon launching leaf, plant into seedbed or nutritive cube time more weak at cloudy day or fine day illumination in afternoon.Seedbed seeding row spacing 15 × 15 centimetres.Water permeable after planting immediately, within first week, must shade, and in three days every day spray 2 water.Water in time or spray water to keep ground moistening later.Heel in the liquid fertilizer that can execute less than 0.2% after Seedling survives with water punching.Extract dead leaf, sick leaf and the stolon of pumping and axillalry bud in time, prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as anthrax, brown spot, leaf spot, aphid and red spider in time.
Step 5, forcing culture manages:
(1) temperature retention time and mode: booth forcing culture, when extraneous nighttime temperature drops to about 8 DEG C, should start insulation after terminal bud starts to break up latter 30 days.Late October～early November are insulation optimum period.Too early, indoor temperature is high, is unfavorable for that axillary bud breaks up in insulation；Cross and move back, plant dormancy, causes plant dwarfing, it is impossible to normal outcome entirely.Overlay film insulation can use 3 layers of transparent agricultural film, i.e. in addition to the film of unregistered land, has Small plastic shed and Zhong Peng, booth.Straw screen or mat can also be cladded with without inner layer film.Canopy north side can arrange air partition by corn stalk etc..Canopy outer layer should use without dripping long-lived thin film.
(2) canopy indoor temperature and humidity management: insulation initial stage: for preventing Fructus Fragariae Ananssae from entering people's dormancy, insulation initial stage temperature is more relatively high.Control daytime at 28～30 DEG C, the highest not can exceed that 35 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 12～15 DEG C, minimum cannot be below 8 DEG C.This phase indoor humidity controls 85%～90%.
Florescence: humiture is required stricter by florescence.Controlling daytime at 22～25 DEG C, the highest not can exceed that 28 DEG C, extremes of temperature is all unfavorable for that Pollination Fertilization spouts row.Night, temperature about 10 DEG C was advisable, and minimum cannot be below 8 DEG C.Night, temperature was more than 13 DEG C, and axillary bud is degenerated, Pistil And Stamen impaired development.Indoor humidity controls to be advisable about 40%, and humidity is excessive too small causes poor pollination the most entirely.
Fruit and period of maturation: temperature influence is relatively big, and temperature is too high, and fruit development is fast, ripe morning, but fruit diminishes, and commodity value reduces.It is to control daytime at 20 DEG C～25 DEG C than better suited temperature, night more than 5 DEG C.Humid control is 60%～70%.
(3) rich water quality management: after Fructus Fragariae Ananssae insulation, the flower bud development phase just, the most quickly buddings, blooms, result.After poppyhead sequence is gathered, axillary flower sequence pumping again is also yielded positive results, plant burden weight, and as applied fertilizer not in time, easily performance senilism is downgraded.Topdress the row 4 times of spouting, based on nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, each 12 kilograms every mu and combine Australia liquid fertilizer 2A:1B100 times, Ao Puer 800 imposes again.Canopy indoor humidity is very big, easily gives the illusion of a kind of not hydropenia of people.General each shallow water 1 time before insulation and before lid mulch film, combines to topdress later and waters.Greenhouse strawberry is particularly suitable for using drip irrigation.Fruit development to be paid special attention to keep ground moistening.Furrow leaching must prevent water logging fruit when filling.
(4) gibberellin treatment: after forcing culture starts insulation, carries out gibberellin treatment for the first time, to facilitate anthocaulus to extend, beneficially Pollination Fertilization 2 leaf not deployed phases (general mid-October).Gibberellins concentration 60ppm, every strain 3～5 milliliters, it is sprayed at Seedling in the heart.
(5) plant arranges: along with plant strain growth, produces many lateral buds, get rid of early.General in addition to main bud, then retain 2～3 lateral buds.Disease pest leaf, Lao Ye and stolon to be removed at any time.After early stage fruit harvesting, fruit stem and Lao Ye etc. should be extractd in time, to improve later stage fruit yield and quality.
(6) flower and fruit management: the main task of flower and fruit management is to strengthen pollination and flower and fruit thinning, next to that promote that coloring, with ripe, improves fruit quality.
Step 6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
The disease that canopy indoor Fructus Fragariae Ananssae often occurs mainly has gray mold, powdery mildew, bud blight, virosis, verticillium wilt etc..Insect pest is mainly aphid, red spider etc..Owing to strawberry fruit is tender and the florescence is long, emphasize especially to use disease pest comprehensive preventive health measures.Such as virus-free Seedling of planting, do health in garden well, use fogging-resistance film, daylight soil disinfection and soil sanitation agent process, activity bacterial manure etc..High temperature, high humidity, flood and the non-irrigateiest must be avoided.The trappings such as yellow card's trap, shake frequency formula trapping lamp and plantation Trap plants such as taro etc., interplanting Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii class plant are taked to walk quickly and keep away insect；
Nuisanceless strawberry production uses pesticide should have strict screening, preferentially uses biological pesticide, uses efficient, the chemical pesticide of low toxicity, low-residual selectively.Emphasize that pre-preventing disease and pest is main before Fructus Fragariae Ananssae blooms.As prevented and treated gray mold, powdery mildew, bud blight etc., can use Polyoxins, generation height, Sukeling, thiophanate methyl, bellkute, mould spirit of going out, Duo Mai can, Te Fuling etc. select 2～3 kind of alternately preventing and treating.In the whole production process of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, strictly prohibit the use of Bayer 71628, Furadan, Spanon, omethoate, dicofol, parathion-methyl, penta sodium pentachlorophenate, gram line pellet, chloropicrin, nitrofen contour poison persistent pesticide.Fructus Fragariae Ananssae fresh fruit persticide residue is in close relations with the last dispenser length away from collecting time.Interval is short, then persticide residue is many, otherwise then few.Therefore, Producer must strictly grasp the safety interval of various pesticide.Typically it is spaced listing of just gathering for about 10 days before Fructus Fragariae Ananssae is gathered or after medication, should listing of just gathering in more than 15 days after medication to the pesticide of longevity of residure length.Guarantee that Fructus Fragariae Ananssae fruit safety and sanitation are pollution-free, allow consumers in general be able to eat relieved Fructus Fragariae Ananssae.
Embodiment 2:
Institute is the most same as in Example 1, and it is different that difference is that following parameter selects:
Step 2, set up rice shoot breeding garden:
(2) whole fertilising is ploughed: upturned soil is frozen in winter ploughing, soil ploughs 20～25 centimetres.Early spring ploughing harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil one time, by the end of February front whole ground bedding, and use sufficient high-quality barnyard manure 1500 kgs/acre, 45% NPK 30 kgs/acre.
(4) planting system: every mu of excellent maternal plant 800 strain of planting.
Step 3, the management in breeding garden:
(1) clay fertilizer water management: mend spraying fertilizer 3 times, every mu of each 10 kilograms of NPKs.
(2) maternal plant and the management of stolon:
3. spray gibberellins: 0.3 gram of former powder of gibberellins, dissolve with ethanol, add 10 kg of water, every strain diluent 5～10 milliliters, foliage-spray.
Step 5, forcing culture manages:
(3) rich water quality management: topdress the row 5 times of spouting, based on nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, each 10～15 kilograms every mu and combine Australia liquid fertilizer 2A:1B100 times, Ao Puer 800 imposes again.
(4) gibberellin treatment: gibberellins concentration 50ppm, every strain 3～5 milliliters, it is sprayed at Seedling in the heart.
Embodiment 3:
Institute is the most same as in Example 1, and it is different that difference is that following parameter selects:
Step 2, set up rice shoot breeding garden:
(2) whole fertilising is ploughed: upturned soil is frozen in winter ploughing, soil ploughs 20～25 centimetres.Early spring ploughing harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil one time, by the end of February front whole ground bedding, and use sufficient high-quality barnyard manure 2000 kgs/acre, 45% NPK 40 kgs/acre.
(4) planting system: every mu of excellent maternal plant 1200 strain of planting.
Step 3, the management in breeding garden:
(1) clay fertilizer water management: mend spraying fertilizer 3 times, every mu of each 15 kilograms of NPKs.
(2) maternal plant and the management of stolon:
3. spray gibberellins: 0.5 gram of former powder of gibberellins, dissolve with ethanol, add 10 kg of water, every strain diluent 5～10 milliliters, foliage-spray.
Step 5, forcing culture manages:
(3) rich water quality management: topdress the row 5 times of spouting, based on nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, each 15 kilograms every mu and combine Australia liquid fertilizer 2A:1B100 times, Ao Puer 800 imposes again.
(4) gibberellin treatment: gibberellins concentration 80ppm, every strain 3-5 milliliter, it is sprayed at Seedling in the heart.
Experimental example non-polluted planting method of the present invention gained strawberry product is investigated
Selection experiment Fructus Fragariae Ananssae field, be divided into that size is identical four pieces, it is set to matched group, embodiment 1 group, embodiment 2 groups and embodiment 3 groups, matched group uses general planting method, embodiment 1 group, embodiment 2 groups and embodiment 3 groups are planted according to the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 method respectively, the final gained strawberry product of each group carries out pesticide residues (lead, hydrargyrum, cadmium, arsenic, rare earth) and per mu yield is investigated, and result see table 1.
Table 1 each strawberry product pesticide residues (lead, hydrargyrum, cadmium, arsenic, rare earth) and per mu yield investigate result
Can be obtained by upper table result, compare general planting, the strawberry fruit pesticide residues (lead, hydrargyrum, arsenic, rare earth) of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting of the present invention are decreased obviously, and per mu yield significantly improves.
Therefore: the present invention uses Fructus Fragariae Ananssae No-harmful apple orchard technology, can produce according to corresponding production technical standard, production process more payes attention to quality while weight yield, continuous cropping obstacle and chemical fertilizer, the irrational use of pesticide can be avoided, ensure Fructus Fragariae Ananssae fresh fruit quality, greatly reduce Fructus Fragariae Ananssae fresh fruit pesticide residual contamination, guarantee people's " safety on the tip of the tongue ", thus improve people's quality of life, and significantly improve yield.
Claims (9)
1. a Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) rice shoot breeding garden is set up: selected reproduction garden, nursery soil is sterilized, and ploughs whole fertilising, bedding；
(2) seedling selects and plants: select kind according to weather conditions, product purpose, the market demand and place of production traffic,
The virus-free Seedling selecting tissue culture is planted, every mu of maternal plant 800～1200 strain of planting；
(3) breed the management in garden: loosen the soil in time after cultivation and water, extract scape, reduce nutrient consumption, inspire stolon
With the healthy and strong sub-strain of formation；In the stolon emergence period, benefit spraying fertilizer 2～3 times；Arrange in time stem climing, prevent from mutually pitching and
Fall to ground；Foliage-spray gibberellins, finally carries out weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(4) nursery is heeled in: select temporary seedbed or nutritive cube, before heeling in, execute decomposed manure；Choose 2～3 expansion
The sub-transplantation of seedlings of stolon of leaf enters seedbed or nutritive cube, waters permeable after planting immediately, within first week, shades, and every in three days
It sprays 2 water；Water in time or spray water to keep ground moistening later；
(5) forcing culture management: booth forcing culture, after terminal bud starts to break up 30 days, when extraneous nighttime temperature fall
During to 8 DEG C, start insulation；Insulation initial stage, florescence, Fruit and period of maturation control different temperature and wet respectively
Degree condition；Topdressing row 4～5 times of spouting, drip irrigation is watered；Gibberellin treatment is carried out 2 leaf not deployed phases；Carry out in time
Plant arranges and flowers and fruits arrange；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that soil described in step (1)
Earth sterilization is chemical disinfection or solar disinfection；Described cultivated whole fertilising is that soil ploughs 20～25 centimetres, and uses sufficient barnyard manure
1500～2000 kgs/acre, 45% NPK 30～40 kgs/acre, the bedding of whole ground, 1.5 meters or 2.5 meters wide.
Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that plant described in step (2)
Plant for field planting one in the middle of 1.5 meters of wide furrow, spacing in the rows 40～60 centimetres；Or 2.5 meters of wide ridge cultivations of bag ditch plant two, from
The each cultivation of limes marginis 50 centimeters one, spacing in the rows 50～80 centimetres；The time of planting is that late Febuary is at the beginning of 4 months.
Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that mend described in step (3)
Spraying fertilizer is: every mu of each 10～15 kilograms of NPKs, or combines to loosen the soil and gently water with the thin enzymatic microorganism liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed；
The described gibberellins that sprays is: 0.3～0.5 gram of former powder of gibberellins, dissolves with ethanol, adds 10 kg of water, and every strain dilutes
Liquid 5～10 milliliters, foliage-spray.
Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that false described in step (4)
Plant seedlings bedside 1.2 meters, executes decomposed manure 2000 kilograms for every mu；Described nutritive cube diameter 10 centimetres or 12 centimetres, often
Cubic meter adds well-rotted farmyard manure 20 kilograms；The time of heeling in is to open or mid-August in mid-July, the last ten-days period；
Described heel in after sub-Seedling survives, extract dead leaf, sick leaf and the stolon of pumping and axillalry bud in time, prevent and treat anthrax in time
Disease, brown spot, leaf spot, aphid and red spider pest and disease damage.
Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that protect described in step (5)
At the temperature initial stage: control daytime at 28～30 DEG C, the highest not can exceed that 35 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 12～15 DEG C, minimum can not be low
In 8 DEG C, humid control is 85%～90%；
In described florescence: control daytime at 22～25 DEG C, the highest not can exceed that 28 DEG C, night temperature 10 DEG C, minimum can not be low
In 8 DEG C, humid control is 40%；
Described Fruit and period of maturation: control daytime at 20-25 DEG C, night more than 5 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-70%.
Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step chases after described in (5)
Fertilizer is: based on nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, each 10～15 kilograms every mu and combine Australia liquid fertilizer 2A:1B100 times, difficult to understand
Pul 800 imposes again.
Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that red described in step (5)
Mycin concentration 50～80ppm, every strain 3～5 milliliters, it is sprayed at Seedling in the heart.
Fructus Fragariae Ananssae non-polluted planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sick described in step (6)
Pest control principle is: take yellow card's trap, the frequency formula trapping lamp that shakes, plantation Trap plants or interplanting Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii class plant trapping
Walking quickly and keeping away insect, pesticide preferentially uses biological pesticide, uses efficient, the chemical pesticide of low toxicity, low-residual selectively.
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| CN106508392A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-22 | 贵州广大生态农业发展有限公司 | Seedling growing method of strawberry |
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| CN107182474A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-22 | 蚌埠市宝煦家庭农场 | A kind of strawberry non-polluted planting method |
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| CN106508351A (en) * | 2016-10-22 | 2017-03-22 | 侯亮 | Wild strawberry planting method |
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| CN107182474A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-22 | 蚌埠市宝煦家庭农场 | A kind of strawberry non-polluted planting method |
| CN108575607A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-09-28 | 霍山县安绿园农业发展有限公司 | A kind of strawberry non-polluted planting method |
| CN109197563A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-01-15 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | A kind of Strawberry Seedlings soiless and three-dimensional efficient breeding method |
| CN110663442A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-01-10 | 江苏花青果物联科技开发股份有限公司 | Artificial cultivation method of aronia melanocarpa |
| CN112005823A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-12-01 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Ecological planting method for strawberry variety resource preservation |
| CN112005823B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-06-03 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Ecological planting method for strawberry variety resource preservation |
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Application publication date: 20160831 |