CN1465225A - Nuisanceless cultivation method for V. amurensis Rupr. - Google Patents
Nuisanceless cultivation method for V. amurensis Rupr. Download PDFInfo
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- CN1465225A CN1465225A CNA021446601A CN02144660A CN1465225A CN 1465225 A CN1465225 A CN 1465225A CN A021446601 A CNA021446601 A CN A021446601A CN 02144660 A CN02144660 A CN 02144660A CN 1465225 A CN1465225 A CN 1465225A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, and relates to a nuisance-free cultivation method of vitis ammurensis, and said cultivation method mainly includes the measures of soil management, selecting high-effective low-toxic and low-residue pesticide, reasonable lopping, and strengthening tree, etc.
Description
Technical field: the invention belongs to the agriculture cultivation technology field, relate to a kind of ussurian grape cultivation method, is a kind of method of cultivating nuisanceless ussurian grape at upper level.
Background technology: ussurian grape is that Chinese Changbaishan area and some upper levels have one of local product resource of higher economic worth and nutritive value, and ground is striven in manually predation formula collection for many years and agricultural, makes this resource be subjected to heavy damage.At present, ussurian grape has been begun to carry out artificial cultivation, explored the culture technique of ussurian grape, and formed some high-yield cultivating methods, as " ussurian grape culture technique " (Wang Ming, northern fruit tree, 1999, (1), 33～35.).In existing these methods, all strengthened the consumption and the kind of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer in order to emphasize high yield, cause in the fruit of ussurian grape persticide residue big, quality descends, and occurs environmental pollution phenomenon simultaneously.
Summary of the invention: the present invention is directed to this problem, solve on the basis of existing technology yield and quality this to contradiction, kind and quantity by control fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, cooperate other agronomic measures to reduce residue of pesticide, improve fruit quality and avoid environmental pollution, purpose provides the nuisanceless high-yield cultivating method of a kind of ussurian grape.
The present invention mainly finishes by measures such as clay fertilizer management and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.In the clay fertilizer management process, change the orchard way of too much and single use chemical fertilizer in the clay fertilizer management in the past, establish the eucyclic soil management pattern of Agro-ecology that is beneficial to, become in the past partially to fertilize into executing natural organic fertilizer more, rationally join to fertilize in case of necessity, to reduce pollution and the structural damage of foeign element soil.Improve the content of organic matter, promote the tree bulk-growth, can lay the foundation for producing high quality fruit on the one hand, can strengthen tree body resistance on the other hand effectively, for the use that reduces chemical pesticide creates conditions.In prevention and elimination of disease and pests, select efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, and limit the quantity of and use in limited time, use feasible biological method and comprehensive agronomic measures again.
In addition, in order to improve utility rate of luminous energy, also want the rational pruning branch, based on the flower and fruit management of throttling, strong tree, raising quality, these all are the effective means of nuisanceless ussurian grape cultivation.
Understand exactly for ease of clearer, now provide particular content of the present invention.The present invention comprises following technique measures:
1, the ussurian grape plant is whole prunes
Beginning to only entering high yield period from building the garden, is the young age grade section of ussurian grape plant, also is fast growth, the important stage of branches and tendrils typing.According to the characteristics of ussurian grape plant, adopt fixing master climing, imperial dried shaping methods, every strain ussurian grape stay 1～2 fixing master climing, high 1.2-1.5 rice.Short lateral bine and bearing basal shoot distribute on it.Bearing basal shoot carries out the short cane pruning of 2～3 buds.This shaping mode can improve early stage yield per unit area.
2, clay fertilizer management
(1) base manure organic fertilizer in autumn.Plough deeply basal dressing annual autumn, and every mu applies 3000～4000 kilograms of fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed.Its method is outwards to dig dark and wide each ditch of 40～60 centimetres year by year at former planting furrow, buries 15～20 centimetres in soil after the fertilising.Planting the back just can reach full garden in two to three years and plough deeply slaking.For the area, Northeast China, generally after the September, carry out before the soil freezing, more early good more in during this period.
(2) topdress and forbid to use nitrate fertilizer, do not use or use less as far as possible chemical combination attitude fertilizer.In case of necessity can be after rudiment for the first time in every year to young sprout prosperous long-term before and young sprout vigorous growth later stage to these two periods in young sprout maturing stage for the second time, mu execute 200～300 kilograms of fermentation poultry dungs.Apply at distance plant 30～50 centimeters trench digging.Along with the increase fertilizing amount increase of strain age and output, but amplification generally is no more than 50%, is not increasing to the full bearing period, avoids descending because of the excessive quality that causes of topdressing.If the not enough symptom of nitrogenous fertilizer, can be at the urea of young sprout vigorous period, to spray the degree of being that evenly do not trickle foliage spray one time 0.1～0.2%.
3, disease pest and weed control
(1) in the disease control ussurian grape disease harm the heaviest be downy mildew, adopt comprehensive agronomic measures to cooperate the bordeaux mixture of spray cloth low toxicity and low residue to prevent and treat.Concrete measure is:
A) to rudiment in 1 year, carry out garden clearly behind the fall foliage, the vegetation fallen leaves are burnt or buried elimination cause of disease;
B) to put prevention first, spray 180～200 times of equivalent of cloth or half equivalent bordeaux mixture the first tenday period of a month in June, spray once again every two weeks at annual premorbid.Emphatically the leaf back spray evenly, control efficiency is splendid during the spray medicine.Strictness bans use of severe toxicity and persistent pesticide.In case of necessity can be at the premorbid in rainy season, 600 times of liquid of spray tpn 75% wetting powder are once or spray metalaxyl 50% wetting powder 75～100 gram/mus.Annual only spray once must not be used in 30 days picking time.
B) strengthen cultivation management.Timely bondage branches and tendrils in the cultivation process, beta pruning is rationally cut near the unnecessary blade in ground, withered climing as far as possible, improves ventilation condition.Enrich the high fertilizer of phosphorus potassium content simultaneously, to strengthen the resistance of plant.
C) type that the seed selection premunition is strong or kind.
(2) the pest control pest control adopts comprehensive agronomic measures to cooperate medical treatment, comprises following several aspect:
A) pest control can be carried out simultaneously in conjunction with the white viral disease of control, extracts concentrated the burning of the sick leaf of worm's ovum autumn;
B) during spray BRONOPOL many liquid, but 500 times of liquid of combination with spraying 98% chlorophos annually only use once, and must not use in ripe first three 15 days at berry, better to the grape borer (Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus) control efficiency.
C) spray one time 0.5 degree lime sulfur, the hard scale insect of control ball, leaf roll weevil etc. the last ten-days period in June.Strictness bans use of the insecticide of severe toxicity, high residue.
D) utilize the seemingly-dead or phototaxis of chafer adult to catch and kill.
E) natural enemy of protection insect is put oophagous trichogrammae etc. in a suitable place to breed.
(3) prevention and control of weeds mid-June and mid-August, full garden was ploughed, and covered to press weeds, got final product management of weeds, again can be with weeds as green manure.
By the enforcement of abovementioned technology of the present invention, can produce have abundant nutrition, nuisanceless, free of contamination ussurian grape, also can establish the system agricultural industry of good ecology, society and economic benefit compatibility simultaneously.With the small watershed is the unit, is that the development main body is taked the comprehensive regulation and three-dimensional development with the ussurian grape, progressively builds up an Agro-ecology system rational in infrastructure, has obtained preferable ecological benefits.The ussurian grape productive potential are huge, and the fruit quality is superior, and is of many uses.Nuisanceless ussurian grape fruit is used for wine brewing, can save food, and annual per hectare is produced 12 tons of ussurian grape at least, can go out 24 tons of wild grape wines, and with the 5000 yuan of calculating per ton of the common wild grape wine of existing market price, the hectare output value can reach 120,000 yuan; If brewage high-grade wine, release " green " brand, economic benefit will be more remarkable.If set up to produce 600 tons of wild grape wine processing factories per year, the annual gross output value can reach 3,000,000 yuan, and can enlarge scale, and development is based on the multiple processing industry of wild grape wine, as the wine vinegar of byproduct exploitation, food coloring, extraction tartrate etc.Develop nuisanceless ussurian grape, both can make full use of the natural resources and can transfer surplus rural labor force, development prospect is wide.
Embodiment: from 1999, the holy water town built three mu of (666.7m in Chinese Liuhe County
2) the ussurian grape garden, utilize the present invention to carry out nuisanceless ussurian grape production.
1) builds the garden technology.Disease-resistant variety " No. one, the left mountain " ussurian grape of planting, with disease-resistant variety " two red " ussurian grape as pollinizers, rational close planting, 1 meter of the furrow width of planting, seeding row spacing 1m * 2.5m; Fixing main climing 1, imperial form pruning to 1.5 meter.
2) clay fertilizer management.Every mu of heavy dressing is become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 4000kg as base manure; Rose in 1 year and impose fermentation poultry dung 200kg/ mu at twice in the first tenday period of a month in June and the first tenday period of a month in August, later average annual growth 40% no longer increased by the 4th year.Started from the urea of foliage-spray one time 0.1% the middle ten days and the last ten days in June from the 3rd year.From 1 year, applied the fertilizer 3000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed every mu of last ten-days period in annual September, outwards digs ditch dark, wide each 50cm year by year at former planting furrow, buries native 15cm after the fertilising, plants just to reach full garden mould layer depth in back 2 years and turn over slaking.
3) extermination of disease and insect pest.To rudiment in 1 year, carry out garden clearly behind the fall foliage, remove dry branches and fallen leaves and burn elimination pathogeny, worm's ovum.At annual downy mildew premorbid is 200 times of equivalent formulas of early June spray cloth bordeaux mixture, sprays once every 2 weeks again, even the leaf back spray emphatically during the spray medicine.During spray BRONOPOL many liquid, 500 times of liquid of combination with spraying 98% chlorophos annually only use once, and do not re-use in ripe preceding 35 days at berry, and are better to the grape borer (Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus) control efficiency.The protection pest natural enemy is put oophagous trichogrammae in a suitable place to breed and is carried out biological control.Strengthen the timely bondage branches and tendrils of cultivation management, rational pruning is cut near the unnecessary blade in ground, withered climing as far as possible, improves the ventilation and penetrating light condition, to strengthen the resistance of plant.
4) prevention and control of weeds.Annual mid-June, mid-August, full garden was ploughed, and covered to press weeds.
By the enforcement of above method for non-polluted cultivation of amur ampelopsis stems, to the 3rd year (calendar year 2001), every mu of average 825 kilograms of ussurian grape that produce, the ussurian grape that produces nuisanceless, pollution-free.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of method for non-polluted cultivation of amur ampelopsis stems is characterized in that comprising the pruning of ussurian grape plant, clay fertilizer management, insect pests crop smothering, it is characterized in that described plant pruning employing is fixing main climing, imperial dried shaping methods; The clay fertilizer management is that base manure combines with topdressing, autumn organic fertilizer, plough deeply basal dressing annual autumn, every mu applies 3000～4000 kilograms of fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed, after rudiment for the first time in every year to young sprout prosperous long-term before and young sprout vigorous growth later stage to these two periods in young sprout maturing stage for the second time, mu execute 200～300 kilograms of fermentation poultry dungs; It is to adopt comprehensive agronomic measures to cooperate the agricultural chemicals of spray cloth low toxicity and low residue that disease pest and weed is prevented and treated, and extracts concentrated the burning of the sick leaf of worm's ovum autumn, and mid-June and mid-August, full garden was ploughed, and covered to press weeds.
2, method for non-polluted cultivation of amur ampelopsis stems according to claim 1 is characterized in that every strain ussurian grape stays 1～2 fixing master climing, high 1.2-1.5 rice; Outwards dig dark and wide each ditch of 40～60 centimetres year by year at former planting furrow during basal dressing, bury 15～20 centimetres in soil after the fertilising, apply at distance plant 30～50 centimeters trench digging when topdressing; Disease is to put prevention first, at annual premorbid is to spray 180～200 times of equivalent of cloth or half equivalent bordeaux mixture the first tenday period of a month in June, spray again once every two weeks, even the leaf back spray emphatically during the spray medicine, pest control can be carried out simultaneously in conjunction with the white viral disease of control, during many liquid of spray BRONOPOL, but 500 times of liquid of combination with spraying 98% chlorophos, annual only use once, and must not use in ripe first three ten days at berry.
3, method for non-polluted cultivation of amur ampelopsis stems according to claim 2, it is characterized in that short lateral bine and bearing basal shoot distribute main climing on, bearing basal shoot carries out the short cane pruning of 2～3 buds; Along with the increase fertilizing amount increase of strain age and output, but amplification generally is no more than 50%; To rudiment in 1 year, carry out garden clearly behind the fall foliage, the vegetation fallen leaves are burnt or buried elimination cause of disease, in case of necessity can be at the premorbid in rainy season, spray tpn 75% wetting powder 600 times of liquid once or spray metalaxyl 50% wetting powder 75～100 gram/mus, annual only spray once, must not use apart from 30 days picking time, spray one time 0.5 degree lime sulfur the last ten-days period in June, the hard scale insect of control ball, leaf roll weevil.
4, method for non-polluted cultivation of amur ampelopsis stems according to claim 3 is characterized in that occurring the not enough symptom of nitrogenous fertilizer, can be at the urea of young sprout vigorous period foliage spray one time 0.1～0.2%, to spray the degree of being that evenly do not trickle; Timely bondage branches and tendrils in the cultivation process, beta pruning is rationally cut near the unnecessary blade in ground, withered climing as far as possible, improves ventilation condition, enriches the high fertilizer of phosphorus potassium content simultaneously, to strengthen the resistance of plant.
5, method for non-polluted cultivation of amur ampelopsis stems according to claim 3 is characterized in that type or kind that the seed selection premunition is strong, utilizes the seemingly-dead or phototaxis of chafer adult to catch and kill insect, or the natural enemy of protection insect, puts oophagous trichogrammae etc. in a suitable place to breed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA021446601A CN1465225A (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2002-11-29 | Nuisanceless cultivation method for V. amurensis Rupr. |
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| CNA021446601A CN1465225A (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2002-11-29 | Nuisanceless cultivation method for V. amurensis Rupr. |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101803545A (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2010-08-18 | 徐州月亮湾生态农林发展有限公司 | Method for harmless comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, insects and weed in agricultural-forestal ecological parks |
| CN103283557A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-11 | 胡志权 | Grape planting technique |
| CN103518583A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-22 | 吴文强 | Grape delayed cultivation method |
| CN103636453A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | Method for grape disaster avoiding in southern coastal areas |
| CN104255157A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-01-07 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Disease control technology after picking of litchis with chicken mouth-shaped cores |
| CN104335846A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-02-11 | 陈辉 | Pest control method for grape scarabs |
| CN105475068A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-04-13 | 淮北市相山区向阳家庭农场 | Insect disease preventing and controlling method for grape planting |
| CN106258791A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-04 | 梁德政 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Vitis viniferae |
| CN106613722A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-10 | 都安瑶族自治县技术开发中心 | Vitis amurensis planting method |
| CN106718626A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 张德龙 | The implantation methods of grape high-yield |
-
2002
- 2002-11-29 CN CNA021446601A patent/CN1465225A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101803545A (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2010-08-18 | 徐州月亮湾生态农林发展有限公司 | Method for harmless comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, insects and weed in agricultural-forestal ecological parks |
| CN103283557A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-11 | 胡志权 | Grape planting technique |
| CN103283557B (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-11-26 | 胡志权 | Grape planting technique |
| CN103518583A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-22 | 吴文强 | Grape delayed cultivation method |
| CN103636453A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | Method for grape disaster avoiding in southern coastal areas |
| CN104255157A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-01-07 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Disease control technology after picking of litchis with chicken mouth-shaped cores |
| CN104255157B (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2016-08-24 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Pest control method after a kind of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting |
| CN104335846A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-02-11 | 陈辉 | Pest control method for grape scarabs |
| CN105475068A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-04-13 | 淮北市相山区向阳家庭农场 | Insect disease preventing and controlling method for grape planting |
| CN106258791A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-04 | 梁德政 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Vitis viniferae |
| CN106718626A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 张德龙 | The implantation methods of grape high-yield |
| CN106613722A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-10 | 都安瑶族自治县技术开发中心 | Vitis amurensis planting method |
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