CN103283557A - Grape planting technique - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grape planting technique. The technique includes that before planting grape seedings, soil and grape roots are differently treated respectively, in other words, straw is laid on the soil, germicidal constituents like quicklime, paulownia sawdust, castor bean leaf powder and distillers' grains are scattered on the soil, the soil is covered by films after deep tillage and exposed to highlight, and harmful bacteria in the soil can be effectively killed, so that a good environment is provided for grape growing; the straw play a certain role in heat insulation, so that the grape roots can be prevented from cold injury in winter; the roots are dipped in slurry prepared by nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, urea, attapulgite, polyacrylamide, bamboo vinegar, sea mud and the like and then coated by a layer of plant ash, and the slurry has characteristics of slow releasing of the fertilizer and water retention, so that the number of fertilizing and watering can be effectively reduced, and grape planting cost can be reduced; after planting, straw powder and vermiculite are applied at the roots, soil can be improved, loss of the slurry coated at the grape roots can be prevented, and utilization rate of the fertilizer can be increased. According to the technique, safe and environment-friendly biological prevention and control methods are adopted for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, so that the plant diseases and insect pests are greatly reduced and safety and freeness of pollution are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wine-growing technology, belong to the agricultural planting technique field.
Background technology
Grape is one of popular fruit, and its nutritive value is very high, can be made into must, raisins and wine.The Chinese cultivated grape has more than 2000 year history, planting benefit along with grape improved constantly in recent years, increasing orchard worker plants grape, but because planting technology unreasonable and science not, cause the grape damage by disease and insect more, thereby extensively execute chemical pesticide, the grape quality that plantation is come out is very different, the residue of pesticide composition exceeds standard, and does not meet the requirement of safety nuisance free grape.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of new wine-growing technology is provided, can effectively prevent and treat the damage by disease and insect of grape, improve the quality of grape, safety nuisance free.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of wine-growing technology may further comprise the steps:
(1) nursery stock is selected
Select that kind is pure, the qualified nursery stock of robust growth, well developed root system, adaptive capacity and strong stress resistance, put into bactericidal liquid and soaked 10-15 minute with soaking 2-3 hour in 25-30 ℃ the warm water, pulling out then then, pull out after the immersion and dry plantation; The compound method of wherein said bactericidal liquid: every kg water adds the 60-80 gram head of garlic, 40-50 gram ginger, 30-50 gram balsampear leaf, 20-30 gram oranges and tangerines skin, the above-mentioned head of garlic, ginger, balsampear leaf, oranges and tangerines skin are smash into the mud shape, add water and stir evenly immersion 10-15 hour, filter adding 100-150 gram potassium permanganate and 30-40ml hydrogen peroxide in the rear filtrate, mixing and stirring gets final product;
(2) put in order ground to choosing
Select soil layer deep, the sandy loam matter that the soil is porous is for well, every mu with straw 1000-1500 kilogram then, be spread on ground, on straw, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields livestock waste 1000-1500 kilogram, quicklime 50-100 kilogram, paulownia sawdust 40-60 kilogram, castor bean leaf powder 30-50 kilogram, vinasse 20-30 kilogram again; Plough deeply 20-30 centimetre on ground, wheat straw is turned over the pressure subterranean layer as far as possible, will roll up the soil that comes and break into pieces, be made into the furrow of high 30-50 centimetre, wide 60-80 centimetre, the ground diaphragm seal covers completely all around, pours water between furrow, and watering foot irrigates, the canopy chamber seals fully with new canopy film, and under the high temperature high light vexed canopy 20-30 days, vexed canopy after finishing was taken canopy film, mulch film off, plough, airing, can plant;
(3) field planting
Before the field planting, get nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-25 kilogram, superphosphate 4-8 kilogram, urea 2-3 kilogram, attapulgite 4-6 kilogram, polyacrylamide 3-5 kilogram, bamboo vinegar liquid 2-3 kilogram, ooze 10-15 kilogram for every mu, add an amount of water and be mixed into slurry, after evenly dipping in grape nursery stock root with this mud, dip in the last layer rice-straw ash again, every mu of consumption is the 3-5 kilogram; Then the above-mentioned nursery stock of handling well is carried out field planting by seeding row spacing (0.5-2m) * (1.5-2) m, root is executed straw powder 40-60 gram, vermiculite 50-80 gram, and with watering sufficient normal root water after the compacting of loess earthing, thickness of earth-fill cover is outside long root, and acrial part has 3-4 eye;
(4) administrative skill
1. before and after grape germinates, orchard and the lime sulfur 15-20 times liquid of spraying all around one time, every mu of spray 40-50 kilogram;
2. germinate to duration of flowering prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
3. bear fruit before the bagging, doubly add in the humidifier atomizing or add in the vessel directly heating evaporation with control mosquito moth class pest in the back with 2-3 milliliter/square metre get Chinese medicine fumigant thin up 10-15 according to the grape trellis area, 3-5 days once, each 20-30 minute, the smoked 3-4 of medicine bagging after week, every kg water adds 10-15 gram honey and 2-4 gram chitin behind the bagging, after stirring, be sprayed at equably on the leaf, every mu is sprayed the 40-50 kilogram.
Described Chinese medicine fumigant preparation method is as follows: get 10-15 part rhizoma atractylodis, 15-20 part wrinkled giant hyssop, 5-10 part root of Dahurain angelica, 8-12 part castor bean leaf, 10-15 part tarragon, 5-10 part Walnut Leaves, 8-12 part grass-leaved sweetflag, 10-20 part Siberian cocklebur grass, 5-10 part Chinese honey locust and add 10-15 after crushed and doubly measure 80% alcohol heating reflux and extract twice, merge the phegma of collecting, be condensed into the extract that contains crude drug 1-2 grams per milliliter.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Grape nursery stock of the present invention adopts the bactericidal liquid of being made by the head of garlic, ginger, balsampear leaf, oranges and tangerines skin, potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide to carry out sterilization processing, and is safe and efficient, can effectively suppress the breeding of root bacterium, the generation of prevention root rot; Before the field planting, respectively soil has been carried out different processing with the grape root: soil is spread straw earlier, spread livestock waste, quicklime, paulownia sawdust, castor bean leaf powder, vinasse etc. again, plough deeply back overlay film strong illumination, utilize the bactericidal action of quicklime, paulownia sawdust, castor bean leaf powder, vinasse, can effectively kill the noxious bacteria in the soil, for the growth of grape provides a good environment, straw has certain insulation effect simultaneously, prevents grape root frostbite in winter; Root is dipped in the mud of being made by nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, superphosphate, urea, attapulgite, polyacrylamide, bamboo vinegar liquid, ooze etc. earlier, coat one deck ash again, wherein mud contains the characteristic of slow release fertilizer and water conservation, can effectively reduce the number of times that topdresses and water, reduce the wine-growing cost; After the field planting, root is executed straw powder and vermiculite, can improve the soil, and prevents the loss of the mud that the grape root applies, and improves fertilizer utilization ratio; The biological control method of safety and environmental protection is all adopted in prevention and elimination of disease and pests of the present invention, does not use any chemical pesticide, and damage by disease and insect significantly reduces, safety nuisance free.The present invention plants that method for planting is simple, and cost is low, and convenient management is fit to extensive cultivation, can improve the quality and yield with stable grape significantly, has remarkable social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
A kind of wine-growing technology may further comprise the steps:
(1) nursery stock is selected
Select that kind is pure, the qualified nursery stock of robust growth, well developed root system, adaptive capacity and strong stress resistance, put into bactericidal liquid immersion 15 minutes with soaking 2 hours in 30 ℃ the warm water, pulling out then then, pull out after the immersion and dry plantation; The compound method of wherein said bactericidal liquid: every kg water adds the 70 gram heads of garlic, 45 gram gingers, 40 gram balsampear leafs, 20 gram oranges and tangerines skins, the above-mentioned head of garlic, ginger, balsampear leaf, oranges and tangerines skin are smash into the mud shape, add water and stir evenly immersion 12 hours, filter adding 120 gram potassium permanganate and 30ml hydrogen peroxide in the rear filtrate, mixing and stirring gets final product;
(2) put in order ground to choosing
Select soil layer deep, the sandy loam matter that the soil is porous is for well, every mu with 1500 kilograms of straw then, is spread on ground, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 1500 kilograms of livestock wastes, 80 kilograms of quicklimes, 50 kilograms in paulownia sawdust, 40 kilograms in castor bean leaf powder, 25 kilograms in vinasse again on straw; Plough deeply 25 centimetres on ground, wheat straw is turned over the pressure subterranean layer as far as possible, will roll up the soil that comes and break into pieces, be made into high 40 centimetres, wide 80 centimetres furrow, the ground diaphragm seal covers completely all around, pours water between furrow, and watering foot irrigates, the canopy chamber seals fully with new canopy film, and vexed canopy is 20 days under the high temperature high light, and vexed canopy after finishing is taken canopy film, mulch film off, plough, airing, can plant;
(3) field planting
Before the field planting, get 20 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 6 kilograms of superphosphate, 2.5 kilograms in urea, 5 kilograms of attapulgites, 4 kilograms of polyacrylamides, 2.5 kilograms of bamboo vinegar liquid, 12 kilograms of oozes for every mu, add an amount of water and be mixed into slurry, after evenly dipping in grape nursery stock root with this mud, dip in the last layer rice-straw ash again, every mu of consumption is 4 kilograms; Then the above-mentioned nursery stock of handling well is carried out field planting by seeding row spacing 1m * 2m, root is executed straw powder 50 grams, vermiculite 60 grams, and with watering sufficient normal root water after the compacting of loess earthing, thickness of earth-fill cover is outside long root, and acrial part has 3 eyes;
(4) administrative skill
1. before and after grape germinates, orchard and the 15 times of liquid of a lime sulfur of spraying all around, 50 kilograms of every mu of sprays;
2. germinate to duration of flowering prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
3. bear fruit before the bagging, get with 2 milliliters/square metre according to the grape trellis area and to add in the humidifier atomizing behind 10 times of the Chinese medicine fumigant thin ups or to add in the vessel directly heating evaporation with control mosquito moth class pest, 4 days once, each 30 minutes, medicine bagging after smoked 3 weeks, every kg water adds 15 gram honey and 3 gram chitins behind the bagging, after stirring, be sprayed at equably on the leaf, every mu is sprayed 40 kilograms; Wherein Chinese medicine fumigant preparation method is as follows: get the alcohol heating reflux that 10-15 gram rhizoma atractylodis, 15-20 gram wrinkled giant hyssop, the 5-10 gram root of Dahurain angelica, 8-12 gram castor bean leaf, 10-15 gram tarragon, 5-10 gram Walnut Leaves, 8-12 gram grass-leaved sweetflag, 10-20 gram Siberian cocklebur grass, 5-10 gram part Chinese honey locust add 10 times of amounts 80% after crushed and extract twice, merge the phegma of collecting, be condensed into the extract that contains crude drug 1 grams per milliliter.
The grape that utilizes above-mentioned complex art to produce is compared with the grape that conventional method plants out, has following advantage:
? | Target level of product quality | Output (kilogram/mu) | Input/output | Sick worm incidence (%) |
The present invention's plantation | Nuisanceless | 1815 | 1:3.3 | 1 |
The tradition plantation | Remains of pesticide is many | 1220 | 1:2.1 | 5 |
Claims (2)
1. wine-growing technology is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) nursery stock is selected
Select that kind is pure, the qualified nursery stock of robust growth, well developed root system, adaptive capacity and strong stress resistance, put into bactericidal liquid and soaked 10-15 minute with soaking 2-3 hour in 25-30 ℃ the warm water, pulling out then then, pull out after the immersion and dry plantation; The compound method of wherein said bactericidal liquid: every kg water adds the 60-80 gram head of garlic, 40-50 gram ginger, 30-50 gram balsampear leaf, 20-30 gram oranges and tangerines skin, the above-mentioned head of garlic, ginger, balsampear leaf, oranges and tangerines skin are smash into the mud shape, add water and stir evenly immersion 10-15 hour, filter adding 100-150 gram potassium permanganate and 30-40ml hydrogen peroxide in the rear filtrate, mixing and stirring gets final product;
(2) put in order ground to choosing
Select soil layer deep, the sandy loam matter that the soil is porous is for well, every mu with straw 1000-1500 kilogram then, be spread on ground, on straw, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields livestock waste 1000-1500 kilogram, quicklime 50-100 kilogram, paulownia sawdust 40-60 kilogram, castor bean leaf powder 30-50 kilogram, vinasse 20-30 kilogram again; Plough deeply 20-30 centimetre on ground, wheat straw is turned over the pressure subterranean layer as far as possible, will roll up the soil that comes and break into pieces, be made into the furrow of high 30-50 centimetre, wide 60-80 centimetre, the ground diaphragm seal covers completely all around, pours water between furrow, and watering foot irrigates, the canopy chamber seals fully with new canopy film, and under the high temperature high light vexed canopy 20-30 days, vexed canopy after finishing was taken canopy film, mulch film off, plough, airing, can plant;
(3) field planting
Before the field planting, get nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-25 kilogram, superphosphate 4-8 kilogram, urea 2-3 kilogram, attapulgite 4-6 kilogram, polyacrylamide 3-5 kilogram, bamboo vinegar liquid 2-3 kilogram, ooze 10-15 kilogram for every mu, add an amount of water and be mixed into slurry, after evenly dipping in grape nursery stock root with this mud, dip in the last layer rice-straw ash again, every mu of consumption is the 3-5 kilogram; Then the above-mentioned nursery stock of handling well is carried out field planting by seeding row spacing (0.5-2m) * (1.5-2) m, root is executed straw powder 40-60 gram, vermiculite 50-80 gram, and with watering sufficient normal root water after the compacting of loess earthing, thickness of earth-fill cover is outside long root, and acrial part has 3-4 eye;
(4) administrative skill
1. before and after grape germinates, orchard and the lime sulfur 15-20 times liquid of spraying all around one time, every mu of spray 40-50 kilogram;
2. germinate to duration of flowering prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
3. bear fruit before the bagging, doubly add in the humidifier atomizing or add in the vessel directly heating evaporation with control mosquito moth class pest in the back with 2-3 milliliter/square metre get Chinese medicine fumigant thin up 10-15 according to the grape trellis area, 3-5 days once, each 20-30 minute, the smoked 3-4 of medicine bagging after week, every kg water adds 10-15 gram honey and 2-4 gram chitin behind the bagging, after stirring, be sprayed at equably on the leaf, every mu is sprayed the 40-50 kilogram.
2. a kind of wine-growing technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Chinese medicine fumigant preparation method is as follows: get 10-15 part rhizoma atractylodis, 15-20 part wrinkled giant hyssop, 5-10 part root of Dahurain angelica, 8-12 part castor bean leaf, 10-15 part tarragon, 5-10 part Walnut Leaves, 8-12 part grass-leaved sweetflag, 10-20 part Siberian cocklebur grass, 5-10 part Chinese honey locust and add 10-15 after crushed and doubly measure 80% alcohol heating reflux and extract twice, merge the phegma of collecting, be condensed into the extract that contains crude drug 1-2 grams per milliliter.
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