CN104871753A - Red cedrela sinensis seedling growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of Chinese toon, which comprises the following steps: a. sowing: take the seeds of Chinese toon to sow, covering pine needles with a thickness of 0.1-0.2 cm; b. raising seedlings: during the seedling raising period, maintain the surface layer of 5-10 cm of soil The humidity is 35-45%; when the seedlings grow to 5-12cm, apply bio-organic fertilizer at an application rate of 1000g/acre; when the seedlings grow to 20-30cm, apply urea at an application rate of 1500-2500g/acre. . The seedling raising method of the invention has a high emergence rate, the cultivated plants are neat and strong, and has good economic benefits and application value.

Description

A kind of red toon seedling raising method

technical field

The invention relates to a method for growing seedlings of Chinese toon.

Background technique

Red Chinese toon (Toom sinensis Roem.) is a deciduous tree of the genus Toon in the family Meliaceae, also known as neem. Red Chinese toon is widely distributed and has been cultivated in my country for more than 2,000 years. In recent years, the rich nutritional value of its shoots, the medicinal value of root bark and fruit, the industrial utilization value of wood, and the aesthetics of landscaping of plants Value, etc., have increasingly attracted people's attention. However, due to excessive deforestation and the low survival rate of this variety, the resources have been decreasing day by day, so that it is on the verge of extinction. In 1996, it was listed as a second-class wild rare protected plant by the government.

Chinese toon likes humidity, is afraid of waterlogging, and has no strict requirements on soil pH. It should be planted on sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose and moist, and good drainage. It can be planted on low hills, gentle slopes or high-lying plots. Toon Research Institute of Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province, "Toon Anniversary Cultivation Series Technology (Serial) Ⅰ. Biological Characteristics and Seedling Breeding of Toon", China Fruit & Vegetable, China Fruit&Vegetable, 2009 Issue 09, discloses a seedling raising method of Toon: ( 1) Nursery preparation: land selection, apply 4-5t of farmyard manure per 666.7m2, ^50-60kg of superphosphate, 40-50kg of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizer, plow and prepare the soil after fertilization; carry out soil disinfection to kill underground pests; seedbed The width of the border is 1-1.2m, the length is about 10m, and it is leveled before sowing; (2) Seed treatment: Seed soaking and germination treatment before sowing can make seedlings emerge 5-10 days earlier, and the emergence is neat; (3) Sowing: Between March and May in spring It can be sown. From the end of March to the first ten days of April, drill or broadcast is better than broadcast; (4) Nursery management: After sowing, set up a shed about 1m high on the furrow and ridge, and cover the top with corn stalks or weeds Etc. Shade the seedbed properly, or use a sunshade net. When the seedlings have 4-6 leaves or 10-15cm high, gradually remove the shade; when 2-3 true leaves, combined with the seedbed spray water can be sprayed with 0.1%~ 0.2% urea can promote the growth of seedlings. When they are 3 to 5 months old, they will enter the rapid growth period, and the amount of fertilizer needs to increase; when the height of the seedlings is about 20cm, combined with watering, topdressing with decomposed human excrement or chemical fertilizer once, every 666.7m ² Use 10kg of urea, or spray 0.5% to 1% urea on the leaves; apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer once in the middle and late August, and use 12.5kg of superphosphate and potassium sulfate for every 666.7m2; spray once in about half a month at the seedling stage ² %lime water to prevent root rot. With this seedling raising method, the seeds are easy to die after germination, the emergence rate is low, the growth of Toona sinensis seedlings is slow, and the seedlings can only grow into seedlings with a height of 1-1.2m and a dry diameter of 1cm.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a new method for raising seedlings of Chinese toon.

The seedling raising method of Chinese toon of the present invention, it comprises the steps:

a. Sowing: Take the red Chinese toon seeds to sow, and cover the pine needles with a thickness of 0.1-0.2cm;

b. Seedling cultivation: During the seedling cultivation period, maintain the humidity of the surface 5-10cm soil at 35-45%; apply bio-organic fertilizer when the seedlings grow to 5-12cm, and the application rate is 1000g/mu; when the seedlings grow to about 20-30cm Apply urea at an application rate of 1500-2500g/mu.

Pine needles: leaves of pine trees.

Moisture of the surface 5-10cm soil: the percentage (%) of the water weight to the dry soil weight in the surface 5-10cm soil.

Bio-organic fertilizer refers to a type of fertilizer that has both microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer effects, which are compounded by microorganisms and organic materials (mainly materials obtained from animal and plant residues as raw materials and obtained through harmless treatment).

In step a, described red Chinese toon seed is prepared according to the following breeding method:

(1) Preparation of pollen liquid: during the flowering period of Chinese toon, collect red Chinese toon pollen in the first week of flowering, and mix with pollination liquid at a ratio of 1: (100-200) w/v to obtain pollen liquid;

Wherein, the pollination solution is a solution containing the following components:

Component A 1.8×10 ^-5 ～3×10 ^-5 g/L;

B component 5～20g/L;

The A component is propionyl brassinolide; the B component is one or a combination of two or more of dextran, dextranate, konjac flour, algae and algae extract.

(2) Artificial pollination: in the second week of flowering, spray the pollen solution in step (1) on the stamens of the red Chinese toon, spray 0.04-1ml on each stamen;

(3) Grow naturally, harvest the fruit after the fruit is ripe, take the seeds, and dry them to get the seeds.

In step (1), the gluconate is sodium dextran sulfate or potassium dextran sulfate; the algae is spirulina, and the algae extract is alginic acid.

In step (1), the pollination solution also contains 0.6g-1g/L sulfate; the sulfate is one or a combination of potassium sulfate, iron sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate .

In step (1), the pollination solution also contains 0.2-1 g/L boric acid and/or borate; the borate is sodium borate or potassium borate.

In step (1), the method of spraying the pollen liquid is as follows: spray 4 to 10 times, each time spraying 0.01 to 0.1ml/stamen. Preferably, the pollen liquid is sprayed every morning or afternoon.

Wherein, the breeding method further includes the following steps: fertilizing and watering in April, the applied fertilizer is bio-organic fertilizer, the application amount is 200g-300g/tree, and the water consumption is 20-50L/tree. Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer is humic fertilizer or high fertility.

Humic fertilizer: Refers to the fertilizer obtained by fermenting and decomposing animal and plant residues (such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, etc.).

High Fertility: It is a high-efficiency compound biological fertilizer produced by Beijing Fertility High Group Development Co., Ltd.

Wherein, the breeding method further includes the following steps: 4-10 days before flowering, watering, the amount of water is 10-20L/tree.

In the step a, the seeds are sown in spring when the daily average temperature is higher than 20°C.

Spring: The first season of the year, referring to the time from Lichun to Lixia.

The daily average temperature refers to the average temperature for 24 hours a day.

In step a, the sowing is drill sowing or sowing.

The drill sowing is trenched according to the row spacing of 10-20 cm, the sowing width is 10-15 cm, the depth is 3-10 cm, and the seeding rate per mu is 2-3 kg.

The sowing amount per mu of sowing is 3-5 kg.

Drill sowing: A method of sowing seeds in rows at regular intervals.

Sowing: A method of sowing that spreads the seeds evenly over the surface of the field.

In step b, the bio-organic fertilizer is humic fertilizer or high fertility.

Adopt seedling raising method of the present invention to cultivate red toon seedlings, the average emergence rate is 90%, the growth height of seedlings can reach 10cm after 1 month of sowing, and the average height of growth in the same year (8 months after sowing) can reach 2 meters, The length of the rhizome can reach 1.5 to 2 cm, and the diameter of the trunk in two years is 4 to 5 cm at the thickest, which is obviously better than the red Chinese toon seedlings cultivated by the existing method. The cultivation method is simple and the application prospect is good.

Apparently, according to the above content of the present invention, according to common technical knowledge and conventional means in this field, without departing from the above basic technical idea of the present invention, other various forms of modification, replacement or change can also be made.

The above-mentioned content of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific implementation in the form of examples. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. All technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1 Red Chinese toon seedling raising method of the present invention

1. Materials for raising seedlings

The seeds of Chinese toon are commercially available.

2. Seedling raising method

The inventive method:

(1) Sowing: When the daily average temperature in spring is higher than 20°C, plow and prepare the land, sprinkle lime (60 catties/mu) and potassium permanganate (100 g/mu) into the soil for disinfection, and take 5Kg of red Chinese toon seeds , sow seeds, cover with thin soil (0.5-1cm in thickness), and cover with 0.1-0.2cm thick pine needles on top of the thin soil;

(2) Seedling cultivation: During the seedling cultivation period, maintain the humidity of the surface 5-10cm soil at 35-45%; germinate and unearth after 10 days, and spray high fertility when the seedlings grow to 5-12cm, and the application rate is 800-1000g/mu. Spray urea when it grows to about 20-30cm, and the application rate is 1500-2500g/mu.

Comparison method (covered with sunshade net):

(1) Sowing: When the daily average temperature in spring is higher than 20°C, plow and prepare the land, sprinkle lime (60 catties/mu) and potassium permanganate (100 g/mu) into the soil for disinfection, and take 5Kg of red Chinese toon seeds , sow seeds, cover with thin soil (0.5-1cm in thickness), set up a 1m-high shed, and cover the top with a layer of sunshade net;

(2) Seedling cultivation: During the seedling cultivation period, maintain the humidity of the surface 5-10cm soil at 35-45%; spray high fertility when the seedlings grow to 5-12cm, and the application rate is 800-1000g/mu; remove the sunshade when the height is 10-15cm Net; spray urea when the seedlings grow to about 20-30cm, and the application rate is 1500-2500g/mu.

The emergence rate (the number of seeds emerging from the soil and the percentage of the total number of seeds) of the two methods was tested.

2. Test results

After testing, the average emergence rate of the inventive method is 90%, while the average emergence rate of the comparative method is only 65%.

Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional seedling raising method that adopts the sunshade net covering mode, the seedling raising method of the present invention adopts the pine needle covering mode can obviously improve the emergence rate of the red Chinese toon seeds, and is easy to operate.

Embodiment 2 Red Chinese toon seedling raising method of the present invention

1. Materials for raising seedlings

Red Chinese toon seeds are prepared according to the following method:

(1) Fertilization and watering: On any day in April of the Gregorian calendar, the fertilization power is higher than that of the roots of the planted trees. Apply 200-300g to each tree, and then cover it with thin soil (thickness 1-2cm), splash water and moisturize each tree. The water for the tree is 20~50L;

(2) Watering: 4-10 days before flowering, water the red Chinese toon tree, and the water for each tree is 10-20L;

(3) Preparation of pollen liquid: May to June is the full flowering period of Chinese toon, and the flowering period is about one month. After the red Chinese toon blooms, collect the red Chinese toon pollen in the first week of flowering, mix the red Chinese toon pollen with the pollination liquid at a ratio of 1g: (100-200) ml to obtain the pollen liquid;

Pollination liquid can choose any of the following:

① Weigh 10 g of spirulina and 1.8×10 ^-5 g of propionylbrassinolide respectively, and make up to 1 L with water.

② Weigh 20 g of dextran sodium sulfate, 2.5×10 ^-5 g of propionyl brassinolide, 1 g of iron sulfate or zinc sulfate, and make up to 1 L with water.

③ Weigh 15 g of dextran, 3×10 ^-5 g of propionylbrassinolide, and 0.2 g of sodium borate, and make up to 1 L with water.

④ Weigh 12 g of alginic acid, 1.8×10 ^-5 g of propionyl brassinolide, 0.7 g of magnesium sulfate or copper sulfate, and 0.4 g of potassium borate, and make up to 1 L with water.

⑤ Weigh 5 g of konjac flour, 1.8×10 ^-5 g of propionyl brassinolide, 1 g of potassium sulfate, and 1 g of sodium borate, and prepare 1 L with water.

(4) Artificial pollination: In the second week of flowering, spray the pollen liquid on the stamens of the red Chinese toon for 4-10 times in total, spraying 0.01-0.1ml per stamen each time, and the spraying time is in the morning or afternoon;

(5) Harvesting: After the fruit is ripe (usually in early December every year), harvest the fruit, take out the seeds, and place them in a cool place to dry.

2. Seedling raising method

(1) Sowing: When the daily average temperature in spring is higher than 20°C, plow and prepare the land, sprinkle lime (50 catties/mu) and potassium permanganate (100 g/mu) into the soil for disinfection, and take 5Kg of red Chinese toon seeds , sow the seeds, cover with thin soil (0.5-1cm in thickness), and cover with 0.1-0.2cm thick pine needles on top of the thin soil;

(2) Seedling cultivation: During the seedling cultivation period, maintain the humidity of the surface 5-10cm soil at 35-45%; germinate and unearth after 10 days, and spray high fertility when the seedlings grow to 5-12cm, and the application rate is 800-1000g/mu. Spray urea when it grows to about 20-30cm, and the application rate is 1500-2500g/mu.

Observe the growth of seedlings.

3. Test results

After testing, adopt the seedling raising method of the present invention to cultivate red Chinese toon seedlings, the growth height of the seedlings can reach 10cm after 1 month of sowing, the average height of the year's growth (8 months after sowing) is 2 meters, and the average trunk diameter is 1.2 cm. cm, and the rhizome length is 1.5 to 2 cm.

Experimental result shows, the red Chinese toon seedling that the inventive method cultivates is neat and strong.

The red Chinese toon seedlings cultivated by the inventive method and the red Chinese toon seedlings cultivated by the existing method are compared in the following table:

The height of the seedlings in the current year (m) The average diameter of the trunk of the seedlings grown in the current year (cm) existing method 1～1.2 1cm The method of the invention 2 (average height) 1.2

Existing method refers to Chinese Toon Research Institute of Shanyang County, Shanxi Province. Chinese toon annual cultivation series technology: I. Biological characteristics and seedling breeding of Chinese toon. Chinese fruits and vegetables, 2009 (9): 49-51. disclosed method.

Contrast can find out, compare with existing method, the red Chinese toon seedling that the inventive method cultivates, the average height that grows in the year of sowing is 1.7～2 times of the former, and trunk diameter is 1.2 times of the former, illustrates that the red Chinese toon seedling that the inventive method cultivates The quality of the Chinese toon seedlings is obviously higher than that of the red Chinese toon seedlings cultivated by the existing method.

In summary, the seedling raising method of the present invention has a high seedling emergence rate, and the cultivated red toon seedlings are neat and strong, and have good application prospects.

Claims (10)

1. a method for raising seedlings of Chinese toon, is characterized in that: it comprises the steps: a. Sowing: Take the red Chinese toon seeds to sow, and cover the pine needles with a thickness of 0.1-0.2cm; b. Seedling raising: During the seedling raising period, maintain the humidity of the surface 5-10cm soil at 35-45%; apply bio-organic fertilizer when the seedlings grow to 5-12cm, and the application rate is 800-1200g/mu; when the seedlings grow to 20-30cm When urea is applied, the application rate is 1500-2500g/mu. 2. seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step a, described red Chinese toon seed is prepared according to following breeding method: (1) Preparation of pollen liquid: during the flowering period of Chinese toon, collect red Chinese toon pollen in the first week of flowering, and mix with pollination liquid at a ratio of 1: (100-200) w/v to obtain pollen liquid; Wherein, the pollination solution is a solution containing the following components: Component A 1.8×10 ^-5 ～3×10 ^-5 g/L; B component 5～20g/L; The A component is propionyl brassinolide; the B component is one or a combination of dextran, dextranate, konjac flour, algae and algae extract; (2) Artificial pollination: in the second week of flowering, spray the pollen solution in step (1) on the stamens of the red Chinese toon, spray 0.04-1ml on each stamen; (3) Grow naturally, harvest the fruit after the fruit is ripe, take the seed, and dry it to get the seed; Preferably, in step (1), the dextran salt is sodium dextran sulfate or potassium dextran sulfate; the algae is spirulina, and the algae extract is alginic acid. 3. The seedling raising method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step (1), the pollination solution also contains 0.6g-1g/L sulfate; the sulfate is potassium sulfate, iron sulfate, zinc sulfate , magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate or a combination of two or more. 4. The seedling raising method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: in step (1), the pollination solution also contains 0.2-1 g/L boric acid and/or borate; the borate is boric acid sodium or potassium borate. 5. The seedling raising method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step (1), the spraying method of the pollen liquid is: spray 4-10 times, each time spraying 0.01-0.1ml/stamen; Preferably, the pollen liquid is sprayed every morning or afternoon. 6. The seedling raising method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the breeding method also includes the following steps: fertilizing and watering in April, the applied fertilizer is bio-organic fertilizer, and the application amount is 200g-300g/grain tree, the water consumption is 20-50L/tree; Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer is humic fertilizer or high fertility. 7. The seedling raising method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the breeding method further comprises the following steps: watering 4-10 days before flowering, the amount of water is 10-20L/tree. 8. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a, the seeds are sown in spring when the daily average temperature is higher than 20°C. 9. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step a, the sowing is drill sowing or sowing; Preferably, the drill sowing is ditched according to the row spacing of 10-20 cm, the sowing width is 10-15 cm, the depth is 3-10 cm, and the seeding rate per mu is 2-3 kg; Preferably, the sowing amount per mu is 3-5 kg. 10. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step b, the bio-organic fertilizer is humic fertilizer or high fertility.