CN105993816B

CN105993816B - Cultivation method for interplanting ginkgo biloba and pinellia ternata

Info

Publication number: CN105993816B
Application number: CN201610633732.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢平; 李琦; 俞磊明; 朱光明; 谈景福; 张朋; 王宏杰
Original assignee: Shanghai Huayu Pharmaceutical Co Ltd; SHANGHAI TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE CO Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Huayu Pharmaceutical Co Ltd; SHANGHAI TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE CO Ltd
Priority date: 2016-08-04
Filing date: 2016-08-04
Publication date: 2020-02-04
Anticipated expiration: 2036-08-04
Also published as: CN105993816A

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting ginkgo biloba leaves and pinellia ternata. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: planting the leaf-picked gingkoes: ditching and planting gingkoes in the south and north directions on the field; interplanting of pinellia ternata: interplanting pinellia ternate in 3 months of the next year, and drilling 5-6 vertical ditches in the south-north direction at a row spacing of 100-110 cm for gingko; managing the leaf-picking gingkoes: cutting off the trunk of the ginkgo in the next year in a fixed planting mode, and selecting 3-5 strong branches growing in different directions below a fixed trunk cutting opening as bone trunk branches; fertilizing: repeatedly applying additional fertilizer to the ginkgo seedlings in the growing period, applying a nitrogen fertilizer in 4-5 months, applying a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in 7-8 months, and opening a small ditch between lines in 9-10 months and applying a base fertilizer again; collecting leaves by stages; managing pinellia ternata: weeding is carried out in time after the pinellia ternata seedlings are aligned, and the weeding depth is not more than 5 cm; fertilizing before plowing in winter. The cultivation method can improve the economic benefit of the land in unit area, effectively prevent and control the grass and insect pests in the forest biologically and reasonably coordinate the distribution of nutrient elements among interplanted crops.

Description

Cultivation method for interplanting ginkgo biloba and pinellia ternata

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a cultivation method for interplanting ginkgo biloba leaves and pinellia ternata.

Background

Folium Ginkgo is dry leaf of Ginkgo biloba L. of Ginko of Ginkgoaceae, collected in autumn when leaf is green, and dried in time. The cultivation area is wide, and can be from north to Liaoning, south to Guangdong, from east to Zhejiang, Xida Sichuan, Gansu, Guizhou and the like. Folium Ginkgo has effects of promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis, dredging collaterals, relieving pain, astringing lung, relieving asthma, eliminating turbid pathogen, and reducing blood lipid. Pinellia ternate (a scientific name: pinelliateernata), also called geographical and field savers, belongs to the order of Arales, is widely distributed in Yangtze river basin of China, northeast China, North China and the like, and has the effects of eliminating dampness and phlegm, calming adverse-rising energy and preventing vomiting, and relieving stuffiness and resolving masses. Pinellia ternate and ginkgo leaf are traditional Chinese medicinal materials with great demand in the medicine market.

However, the ginkgo leaves harvested grow slowly, the growth vigor of the ginkgo leaves at the initial stage of garden building is weak, the land utilization rate is low and the economic benefit is poor when the ginkgo leaves are planted alone, and the roots of the ginkgo leaves are easily damaged by insect pests, so that the yield and the quality of the ginkgo leaves are damaged; pinellia ternata is promoted to fall seedlings in advance in the flowering period of 5-8 months and the fruit period of 6-9 months in summer, and the yield and quality of the pinellia ternata are also damaged.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical defects that the pinellia ternate is easy to fall seedlings in advance under high temperature stress when being planted independently, the utilization rate of land for planting the leaf-picked ginkgo biloba independently is low, the cordyceps sinensis damage under the forest is serious, and the utilization of nutrient elements is unbalanced in the prior art, and provides an interplanting cultivation method for the leaf-picked ginkgo biloba and the pinellia ternate. The cultivation method can improve the economic benefit of the land in unit area, effectively and biologically prevent and control the grass and insect pests in the forest, reasonably coordinate the distribution of nutrient elements among the interplanted crops, and has the advantages of simple interplanted cultivation method, low cost, convenient operation and easy popularization and application.

The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a cultivation method for interplanting ginkgo biloba and pinellia ternate, which comprises the following steps:

(1) planting the leaf-picked gingkoes: ditching and planting gingkoes in the north and south directions on a garden, wherein the depth of a furrow is 30-35 cm, the width of the furrow is 30-35 cm, the plant spacing is 35-40 cm, the row spacing is 100-110 cm, and the planting depth is 10-13 cm above roots and stems by filling soil;

(2) interplanting of pinellia ternata: interplanting pinellia ternate 3 months in the next year, drilling 5-6 vertical ditches along the north and south directions between 100-110 cm row spacing of the gingko for drilling, and forming a 15-20 cm north and south-direction channel between the two vertical ditches in the middle part, wherein the depth of each ditch is 5-7 cm, the width of each ditch is 10-13 cm, the row spacing is 10-15 cm, the plant spacing is 5-8 cm, and the covering soil thickness is 5-8 cm;

(3) managing the leaf-picking gingkoes: cutting off the trunk of the ginkgo in the next year in a fixed planting mode, and selecting 3-5 strong branches growing in different directions below a fixed trunk cutting opening as bone trunk branches; cutting every other year for 1 time, wherein the height is 20-30 cm, culturing multi-stage lateral branches, culturing for 3-5 times, and culturing the whole tree into 12-20 bone branches to form a cluster-shaped crown;

fertilizing: repeatedly applying additional fertilizer to the ginkgo seedlings in the growing period, applying a nitrogen fertilizer in 4-5 months, applying a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in 7-8 months, and opening a small ditch between lines in 9-10 months and applying a base fertilizer again;

stage-by-stage leaf picking: from 8 months, collecting aged leaves on branches in and below a crown, collecting middle and upper leaves successively, collecting 1/3 leaves of short branches each time, and collecting the leaves once when folium Ginkgo is about to turn yellow;

(4) managing pinellia ternata: weeding is carried out in time after the pinellia ternata seedlings are aligned, and the weeding depth is not more than 5 cm;

fertilizing before plowing in winter: applying 2000-3000 kg of farmyard manure and 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of land as base fertilizer; topdressing for 4 times during the growing period of pinellia ternata; and (3) hilling pinellia ternata at the beginning of 6 months, shoveling earth from the walkways in the step (2), changing the walkways into drainage ditches, and watering once at intervals of 14-16 days.

In the step (1), the ginkgo seedlings adopted for planting ginkgo are preferably ginkgo seedlings with the seedling age of 2-3 years, the seedling height of 1-1.5 m and the ground diameter of 1.5-2 cm, and are more preferably ginkgo seedlings with the trade names of tanaka 9, Tiefu 2 or Tiefu 3.

Wherein, the ginkgo seedling is preferably pretreated: 1/3 of the total length of the root system of the main root is cut off, the main root is dipped and disinfected by a carbendazim diluted aqueous solution (1: 300-1: 800, preferably 1: 500, v/v), and then the ABT rooting powder No. 3 (10-20 mg/kg, preferably 15mg/kg) is used for dipping the root for 0.5-3 h or is sprayed on the surface of the root system.

In the step (1), the garden is preferably sufficiently fertilized with base fertilizer and pesticide before planting the nursery stocks, 4000-4500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 25-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15-20 kg of ferrous sulfate bactericide and 3-5 kg of octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide are uniformly spread in each mu of garden, and the garden is ploughed deeply by 40-45 cm and harrowed, so that the soil is improved, and the soil is killed and sterilized.

In the step (1), the pH value of the soil of the garden is preferably 6.5 to 7.5.

In the step (2), before interplanting of pinellia ternata, preferably applying a base fertilizer: 3000-4000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100-110 kg/mu of fermented cake fertilizer and 50-60 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate.

In the step (2), pinellia ternata is interplanted preferably by pinellia ternata corms with the transverse diameter of 0.5-1 cm, strong growth and no diseases and insect pests.

Wherein, the pinellia tuber bulb is preferably pretreated: soaking the seeds for 2-4 h by using 5% (w/v) of plant ash liquid or carbendazim diluted aqueous solution (1: 1000, v/v) and drying.

In the step (2), the pinellia ternate is preferably interplanted at a distance of 5cm from the ground and a ground temperature of 8-10 ℃ within 3 months in the next year.

In the step (2), the drilling is preferably performed in a triangular staggered manner in each vertical trench, and the seed consumption is preferably 60-100 kg/mu.

In the step (3), the cutting is preferably performed at a position 40-45 cm away from the ground.

In the step (3), pruning is preferably carried out in the growing season of ginkgo within 5 months, and pinching is carried out on the young shoots of more than 30cm, so that secondary shoots can be effectively promoted, and the quantity of branches and leaves is increased.

In the step (3), the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 4-5 months, preferably 50-60 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer is applied.

In the step (3), the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are applied for 7-8 months, preferably, foliar fertilizer spraying is continuously carried out for 3-4 times per week; the control parameters of the foliar application preferably include: 0.2-0.3% (w/w) of urea and 0.5-1.5% (w/w) of monopotassium phosphate, and preferably further comprises 0.2% (w/w) of ferrous sulfate, green zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer, photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, 0.4% (w/w) of green fenobucarb and 0.03% (w/w) of gibberellin.

The inventor researches and discovers that the yield of the fertilizer can be increased by over 39.8 percent by applying the fertilizer, and the growth amount of the young shoots of the seedlings sprayed on the leaf surface is 15 percent higher than that of the contrast.

In the step (3), the heavy base fertilizer is preferably 100kg of cake fertilizer, 40kg of urea or 50kg of compound fertilizer applied per mu of land, and is matched with 15kg of ferrous sulfate or 1kg of EM bacterial fertilizer. After the base fertilizer is applied again, various trace elements (iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum, cobalt and iodine) can be supplemented, the number of soil ions is adjusted, and the alkalization degree is reduced.

The inventor researches and discovers that timely and periodically collecting the leaves in the step (3) can improve the quality of the leaves and does not influence the growth of the gingkoes. If the ginkgo leaves are collected for one time, the quality of leaves is influenced, and the trees grow for the second time, so that the safe overwintering is influenced. The illumination intensity under the forest can be controlled through the staged collection, and the bad growth of the pinellia ternata caused by excessive shading is avoided.

In the step (3), irrigation is avoided before leaf picking, so as to ensure the quality of the leaves.

In the step (4), the pinellia ternate is frequently and timely weeded in the growth period, and because the pinellia ternate and weeds have nutrition competition and space competition, the weeds are timely pulled out in the growth period, particularly in the seedling period, so that the early and small weeds are removed, and the grass scarcity is avoided.

In the step (4), the top dressing for 4 times preferably comprises the following steps: after 1 time of seedling alignment, applying 1000-1200 kg of light human and animal excreta or 15-20 kg of urea per mu; in the 2 nd pearl bud forming period (in the middle and last ten days of 5 months), 20-25 kg of urea is applied to each mu, then clear excrement water is applied, and soil is covered after the application; 3, pouring the mixture by using thin human and animal excrement and urine after seedling pouring for 1 time after half a month when the pinellia ternate exposes out buds and the pinellia ternate exuviates and grows new roots again after the pinellia ternate is peeled; and 4, when the pinellia ternate seedlings are completely grown for the 4 th time, 25-30 kg of cake fertilizer, 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate and 10-15 kg of urea are applied per mu, can be uniformly mixed with the ditch mud and are scattered on the soil surface to play roles of ridging and grouting.

The step (4) preferably further comprises: spraying 0.2% (w/w) potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the roots of pinellia in the middle and later growth period for 1 time every 10 days; spraying a 0.01% (w/w) solution of sodium sulfite or a mixed solution of 0.01% (w/w) sodium sulfite, 0.2% (w/w) urea and 2% (w/w) calcium superphosphate in summer of 6-8 months to inhibit the respiration of pinellia ternata and reduce the consumption of photosynthetic products, thereby delaying and reducing 'seedling falling' and enabling the pinellia ternata to be high in yield.

In the step (4), the ridging is preferably performed for 1-2 cm thick, and is performed for 1 time every 1 month and 2-3 times in total to promote the germination of the bulbil and the expansion of the tuber.

In the invention, when the overground part of the pinellia is withered at the end of 10-11 months every year, tubers can be dug, fibrous roots are removed, the tubers are classified according to the size, seeds are reserved for the middle and small stems, and the large stems are used as the medicine, so that the harvesting of the pinellia is finished.

On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.

The reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.

The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the invention has high land utilization rate and quick economic benefit.

(2) The invention provides a cultivation method for three-dimensional interplanting of ginkgo and pinellia ternate, which is characterized in that a ginkgo leaf picking garden is built in spring, and the pinellia ternate is interplanted in next spring. 650-750 kg of fresh pinellia ternate is produced in each mu of garden every year, the output value is 15000-18000 yuan, the normal growth of the gingkoes is guaranteed, the output value of each mu of the garden is increased, and good economic benefits are achieved.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.

In the following examples, all percentages refer to mass percentages unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

(1) Establishment of ginkgo leaf cutting garden

(a) Selecting high-quality strong seedlings with strong branching ability, trimming resistance, strong base sprouting ability, short internodes, more leaves, large and thick leaves, deep leaf color and high content of medicinal components to construct gardens (Tan city No. 9), wherein the seedlings are 3 years old, 1-1.5 m high, 1.5-2 cm ground diameter, developed root systems and no plant diseases and insect pests.

(b) Before planting, 1/3 of the total root length of the main root is cut off, the main root is dipped and disinfected by a carbendazim diluted aqueous solution (1: 500, v/v), and then the root is dipped for 1 hour by ABT rooting powder No. 3 (15 mg/kg).

(c) Selecting sandy soil with thick soil layer, fertility, looseness, high organic matter content and pH value of 6.5-7.5 to build the garden. Applying enough base fertilizer and pesticide before planting nursery stocks in a garden, uniformly spreading 4000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 25kg of diammonium phosphate, 15kg of ferrous sulfate bactericide and 3kg of octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide in each mu of land, deeply ploughing by 40cm, raking, improving soil, killing insects and sterilizing. Before the seedlings germinate (from late 3 months to late 4 months), furrowing and planting are carried out on the whole garden in the north-south direction, the depth and width of the furrows are 30cm, the row spacing of the seedlings is 35cm multiplied by 100cm, the planting depth is 10cm above the roots, the seedlings are trampled after being planted, watered in time, covered with soil and kept water.

(2) Interplanting of pinellia ternata

3000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100 kg/mu of fermented cake fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate are applied to the garden to serve as base fertilizer, and the land is leveled. Selecting medium and small corms with the cross diameter of 0.5-1 cm, strong growth and no plant diseases and insect pests as seeds, interplanting the seeds in a ginkgo leaf picking garden in the next 3 months, soaking the seeds in 50% carbendazim diluted aqueous solution (1: 1000) for 3 hours before planting, and drying in the air. 6 vertical ditches are arranged among the reserved 1m rows of the ginkgo tree for drilling, a 20 cm-middle walkway is arranged, the row spacing is 10cm, the plant spacing is 5cm, the ditching width is 10cm, the depth is 5cm, triangular staggered seeding is carried out in each ditch, the seed consumption is 80 kg/mu, the covering soil thickness is 5cm, and the water is irrigated thoroughly.

(3) Management of ginkgo leaf-picking garden

Cutting off the trunk at the position 40cm away from the ground in the 2 nd year after field planting, selecting 3 robust branches growing in different directions below a trunk-fixing cutting opening as first-level bone trunk branches, and cutting off weak branches with poor development; cutting every other year for 1 time with height of 20cm, culturing multi-stage lateral branches, culturing for 3 times, and culturing into 12 bone branches to form a cluster-shaped crown with height of about 2 m. Pruning is carried out in the growing season of ginkgo within 5 months, and pinching is carried out on the new shoots of more than 30cm, so that secondary shoots can be effectively promoted, and the quantity of branches and leaves is increased.

50 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer is topdressed in the middle ten days of 4 months, 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is topdressed at the bottom of 7 months, and 0.3% of urea and 1% of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed on the leaf surfaces 1 time and 3 times continuously every week in 8 months. At the beginning of 10 months, small ditches are arranged among the lines, 50kg of compound fertilizer and 1kg of EM bacterial fertilizer are compounded in each mu of nursery land to supplement various trace elements (Fe: Mn: Zn: B: Cu: Mo: Co: I: 3:1: 2:2:2: 1).

The ginkgo leaves are harvested by stages, from the last ten days of 8 months, mature leaves on branches in the crown and on the lower portion are harvested firstly, then middle leaves and upper leaves are harvested successively, 1/3 leaves of short branches are harvested each time, and the ginkgo leaves are harvested for the last time when the ginkgo leaves are about to turn yellow.

(4) Management of pinellia ternata

The pinellia ternate is timely weeded after seedling alignment, and is operated by a small bidentate rake, the depth is not more than 5cm, the root injury is avoided, the early and small weeds are removed, and the wasteland is avoided.

Before ploughing in winter, applying 2000kg of farmyard manure and 20kg of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizers per mu; after aligning seedlings, applying 1000kg of light human and animal excreta per mu; in the middle and last ten days of 5 months (pearl bud formation period), 20kg of urea is applied to each mu, then clear excrement water is applied, and soil is covered after the application; pouring water with thin human and animal excrement and urine after 8 months when pinellia ternate shows new buds and pinellia ternate exuviates and grows new roots again after seedlings are poured for 8 months; when the pinellia ternate seedlings are completely grown, 25kg of cake fertilizer, 20kg of calcium superphosphate and 10kg of urea are applied to each mu. In the middle and later growth period of pinellia, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed to the root of pinellia every 10 days for 1 time. In addition, 0.01 percent solution of sodium sulfite is sprayed in the high-temperature season in summer of 6-8 months to inhibit the respiration of the pinellia ternata, and the consumption of photosynthetic products is reduced, so that the seedling falling is delayed and reduced, and the yield of the pinellia ternata is high. After the high-temperature season is reached in 6 months, the pinellia ternata is earthed for 1cm in thickness by combining intertillage weeding, and earthed for 1 time every 1 month, and earthed for 2 times in total. And (3) ridging soil, shoveling soil from the walkways, changing the walkways into drainage ditches, watering once every 15 days, and paying attention to drought control and waterlogging drainage. When the overground part withers in the early 11 months, the tubers are dug, fibrous roots are removed, the tubers are graded according to the size, the seeds of the medium and small stems are reserved, and the large stems are used as the medicine.

(5) Detection of effective ingredients of interplanted ginkgo leaf and pinellia ternata

In spring of 2013, a ginkgo leaf cutting garden is established, in spring of 2014, pinellia ternate is planted in the ginkgo leaf cutting garden according to the method. Pinellia ternata is harvested in autumn every year, ginkgo biloba leaves are harvested 1 time per year from the 2 nd year of field planting (batch harvesting), and the yield is measured. Interplanting the ginkgo leaves in the current year, harvesting 950kg of ginkgo leaves per mu, processing the ginkgo leaves to obtain 305kg of dry products, and selling the ginkgo leaves according to the market price of 8 yuan/kg and the sale income of 2440 yuan; 680kg of fresh pinellia ternate is collected per mu, about 150kg of seeds are reserved, 200kg of commercial pinellia ternate is obtained after processing, the selling income is 16000 yuan according to the market price of 80 yuan/kg, and sowing is not needed in the next year; the two terms are summed up to 18440 yuan/mu. Interplanting for the second year, harvesting 1850kg of folium Ginkgo per mu, processing to obtain 580kg of dry product, with a market price of 8 yuan/kg and a sales income of 4640 yuan; 720kg of fresh pinellia ternate is collected per mu, about 150kg of seeds are reserved, 210kg of commercial pinellia ternate is obtained after processing, the market price is 80 yuan/kg, and the sales income is 16800 yuan; the two items are added into 21440 yuan/mu. After the third year, the yield of the ginkgo leaves is stabilized to be about 2500 kg/mu, and the ginkgo leaves are processed to obtain about 800 kg/mu of dry products, wherein the sales income is 6400 yuan according to the current market price of 8 yuan/kg; the income of pinellia ternata sale is stabilized at 16000 yuan/mu; the total income will exceed 20000 yuan/mu.

The quality of the ginkgo leaves and the pinellia ternate produced in the interplanting land is detected according to an effective component detection method of the ginkgo leaves and the pinellia ternate specified in pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China 2015 edition, and the detection result is as follows:

TABLE 1 results of quality and yield tests of ginkgo leaf and pinellia tuber in interplanting land

TABLE 2 interplanting of Ginkgo biloba and pinellia ternata for the prevention and treatment of diseases, pests and weeds

Example 2

(1) The planting step of the leaf-picking gingko comprises the following steps: the depth and width of the ditch are 35cm, the row spacing is 40cm multiplied by 110cm, and the planting depth is 13cm above the root and stem by filling soil; cutting off 1/3 of the total root length of a main root from a ginkgo seedling by adopting a Fe-rich No. 3 method before planting the seedling, dipping and sterilizing the ginkgo seedling by using a carbendazim diluted aqueous solution (1: 500, v/v), and then dipping the ginkgo seedling by using ABT rooting powder No. 3 (15mg/kg) for 3 hours; applying sufficient base fertilizer and pesticide before planting nursery stocks in a garden, uniformly spreading 4500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 30kg of diammonium phosphate, 20kg of ferrous sulfate bactericide and 5kg of octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide in each mu of land, and raking by deeply turning over 45 cm; other parameter conditions were the same as in example 1;

(2) the interplanting step of the pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: 4000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 110 kg/mu of fermented cake fertilizer and 60 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate are applied to the garden as base fertilizer; soaking seeds in 5% (w/v) plant ash solution for 4h before interplanting, and air drying. 5 vertical ditches are arranged among the reserved 1.1m rows of the ginkgo tree for drilling, a 15 cm-middle walkway is arranged, the row spacing is 15cm, the plant spacing is 8cm, the ditching width is 13cm, the depth is 7cm, triangular staggered seeding is carried out in each ditch, the seed consumption is 100 kg/mu, the covering soil thickness is 8cm, and the water is thoroughly poured.

(3) The management steps of the leaf picking gingko comprise: cutting off the trunk at a position 45cm away from the ground in the 2 nd year after field planting, selecting 5 robust branches growing in different directions below a trunk-fixing cutting opening as first-level bone trunk branches, and cutting off weak branches with poor development; cutting every other year for 1 time with height of 30cm, culturing multi-stage lateral branches, culturing for 5 times, and culturing into 20 bone branches to form a cluster-shaped crown with height of about 2 m. Pruning is carried out in the growing season of ginkgo within 5 months, and pinching is carried out on the new shoots of more than 30cm, so that secondary shoots can be effectively promoted, and the quantity of branches and leaves is increased.

Topdressing of 60 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer in the middle ten days of the 5 month period, topdressing of 60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer at the bottom of the 8 month period, and 1 time and 3 times of continuous spraying of 0.2% urea and 1.5% monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces every 8 month period. In the beginning of 10 months, furrows are arranged among the rows, and each mu of nursery land contains 100kg of cake fertilizer and 15kg of ferrous sulfate;

other parameter conditions were the same as in example 1.

(4) The management steps of pinellia ternata:

before ploughing in winter, applying 3000kg of farmyard manure and 25kg of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizers per mu; after aligning seedlings, applying 1200kg of light human and animal manure liquid per mu; in the middle and last ten days of 5 months (pearl bud formation period), 25kg of urea is applied to each mu, then clear excrement water is applied, and soil is covered after the application; pouring water with thin human and animal excrement and urine after 8 months when pinellia ternate shows new buds and pinellia ternate exuviates and grows new roots again after seedlings are poured for 8 months; when the pinellia ternate seedlings are completely grown, 30kg of cake fertilizer, 25kg of calcium superphosphate and 15kg of urea are applied to each mu. In the middle and later growth period of pinellia, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed to the root of pinellia every 10 days for 1 time. In addition, 0.01 percent solution of sodium sulfite is sprayed in the high-temperature season in summer of 6-8 months to inhibit the respiration of the pinellia ternata, and the consumption of photosynthetic products is reduced, so that the seedling falling is delayed and reduced, and the yield of the pinellia ternata is high. After the high-temperature season is reached in 6 months, the pinellia ternata is earthed for 3 times by earthing up for 1 time every 1 month in combination with intertillage weeding and with the thickness of 2 cm. And (4) ridging soil, shoveling soil from the walkways, changing the walkways into drainage ditches, watering once every 16 days, and paying attention to drought control and waterlogging drainage.

Other parameter conditions were the same as in example 1.

In spring of 2013, a ginkgo leaf cutting garden is established, in spring of 2014, pinellia ternate is planted in the ginkgo leaf cutting garden according to the method. Pinellia ternata is harvested in autumn every year, ginkgo biloba leaves are harvested 1 time per year from the 2 nd year of field planting (batch harvesting), and the yield is measured. Interplanting the ginkgo leaves in the current year, harvesting 780kg of ginkgo leaves per mu, processing to obtain 245kg of dry products, and selling the ginkgo leaves according to the market price of 8 yuan/kg and the sales income of 1960 yuan; 630kg of fresh pinellia ternate is collected per mu, about 150kg of seeds are reserved, 190kg of commercial pinellia ternate is obtained after processing, the selling income is 15200 yuan according to the market price of 80 yuan/kg, and sowing is not needed in the next year; the two items are added into 17160 yuan/mu. Interplanting for the second year, harvesting 1680kg of folium Ginkgo per mu, processing to obtain 525kg of dry product, and selling for 4200 yuan per kg according to market price of 8 yuan; collecting 660kg of fresh pinellia ternate per mu, reserving about 150kg of seeds, processing to obtain 200kg of commercial pinellia ternate, and collecting 16000 yuan per mu according to the market price of 80 yuan/kg; the two items are gathered together to be 20200 yuan/mu.

table 3 results of quality and yield measurements of ginkgo leaves and pinellia ternate in interplanting land

Example 3

(1) The planting step of the leaf-picking gingko comprises the following steps: the depth and width of the ditch are 33cm, the row spacing of the plants is 33cm multiplied by 105cm, and the planting depth is 12cm above the root and the soil is filled; cutting off 1/3 of the total root length of a main root from a ginkgo seedling by adopting Fe-rich No. 2, dipping and sterilizing by using a carbendazim diluted aqueous solution (1: 500, v/v), and spraying ABT rooting powder No. 3 (15mg/kg) on the surface of the root system; applying sufficient base fertilizer and pesticide before planting nursery stocks in a garden, uniformly spreading composted organic fertilizer 4300kg, diammonium phosphate 28kg, ferrous sulfate bactericide 18kg and octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide 4kg per mu of land, deeply ploughing by 43cm, and raking; other parameter conditions were the same as in example 1;

(2) the interplanting step of the pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: 3500 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 105 kg/mu of fermented cake fertilizer and 55 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate are applied to the garden as base fertilizer; soaking seeds in 5% (w/v) plant ash solution for 2h before interplanting, and air drying. 6 vertical ditches are arranged among the reserved 1.05m rows of the ginkgo tree for drilling, a walkway with 18cm of middle space is arranged, the row spacing is 13cm, the plant spacing is 6cm, the width of each ditch is 12cm, the depth of each ditch is 6cm, the ditches are sowed in a triangular staggered mode in each ditch, the seed consumption is 60 kg/mu, the covering soil thickness is 6cm, and the water is thoroughly poured.

(3) The management steps of the leaf picking gingko comprise: cutting off the trunk at the position 43cm away from the ground in the 2 nd year after planting, selecting 4 strong branches growing in different directions below a trunk-fixing cutting opening as first-level bone trunk branches, and cutting off weak branches with poor development; cutting every other year for 1 time with height of 25cm, culturing multi-stage lateral branches, culturing for 4 times, and culturing into 16 bone branches to form a cluster-shaped crown with height of about 2 m. Pruning is carried out in the growing season of ginkgo within 5 months, and pinching is carried out on the new shoots of more than 30cm, so that secondary shoots can be effectively promoted, and the quantity of branches and leaves is increased.

Topdressing of 55 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer in the middle ten of 4 months, topdressing of 55 kg/mu of compound fertilizer at the bottom of 7 months, spraying 0.2% of urea and 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces for 1 time every week for 8 months, and continuously applying for 3 times. At the beginning of 10 months, small ditches are arranged among lines, and 40kg of urea and 15kg of ferrous sulfate are added in each mu of nursery;

other parameter conditions were the same as in example 1.

(4) The management steps of pinellia ternata:

before ploughing in winter, applying 2500kg of farmyard manure and 23kg of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizers per mu; after aligning seedlings, applying 1100kg of light human and animal excreta per mu; in the middle and last ten days of 5 months (bead bud formation period), 23kg of urea is applied to each mu, then clear excrement water is applied, and soil is covered after the application; pouring water with thin human and animal excrement and urine after 8 months when pinellia ternate shows new buds and pinellia ternate exuviates and grows new roots again after seedlings are poured for 8 months; when the pinellia ternate seedlings are completely grown, 28kg of cake fertilizer, 23kg of calcium superphosphate and 13kg of urea are applied to each mu. In the middle and later growth period of pinellia, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed to the root of pinellia every 10 days for 1 time. In addition, the mixed solution of 0.01 percent of sodium sulfite solution, 0.2 percent of urea and 2 percent of calcium superphosphate is sprayed in the high-temperature season in summer of 6-8 months to inhibit the respiration of the pinellia ternata, reduce the consumption of photosynthetic products, delay and reduce the 'seedling falling', and ensure that the pinellia ternata is high in yield. After the high-temperature season is reached in 6 months, the pinellia ternata is earthed for 2cm in thickness by combining intertillage weeding, and earthed for 1 time every 1 month, and earthed for 2 times in total. And (4) ridging soil, shoveling soil from the walkways, changing the walkways into drainage ditches, watering once every 14 days, and paying attention to drought control and waterlogging drainage.

Other parameter conditions were the same as in example 1.

In spring of 2013, a ginkgo leaf cutting garden is established, in spring of 2014, pinellia ternate is planted in the ginkgo leaf cutting garden according to the method. Pinellia ternata is harvested in autumn every year, ginkgo biloba leaves are harvested 1 time per year from the 2 nd year of field planting (batch harvesting), and the yield is measured. Interplanting the ginkgo leaves in the current year, harvesting 870kg of ginkgo leaves per mu, processing to obtain 270kg of dry products, and selling the ginkgo leaves according to the market price of 8 yuan/kg and the sale income of 2160 yuan; collecting 525kg of fresh pinellia tuber per mu, reserving about 150kg of seeds, processing to obtain 160kg of commercial pinellia tuber, selling the pinellia tuber according to the market price of 80 yuan/kg, and collecting 12800 yuan of sales without sowing in the next year; the two items are collected into 14960 yuan/mu. Interplanting for the second year, harvesting 1710kg of folium Ginkgo per mu, processing to obtain 535kg of dry product, and selling for 4280 yuan per kg according to market price of 8 yuan; collecting 580kg of fresh pinellia ternate per mu, reserving about 150kg of seeds, processing to obtain 175kg of commercial pinellia ternate, and collecting 14000 yuan of sales income according to the market price of 80 yuan/kg; the two are combined in 18280 yuan/mu.

table 4 results of quality and yield measurements of ginkgo leaves and pinellia ternate in interplanting land

Comparative example 1

Optimization screening test for relevant technical conditions of gingko and pinellia ternata interplanting

Selecting high-quality strong seedlings with strong branching capacity, trimming resistance, strong base sprouting capacity, short internodes, more leaves, large and thick leaves, deep leaf color and high content of medicinal components to construct gardens (Tan city No. 9 and Feifu No. 2), wherein the seedlings are 2-3 years old, 1-1.5 m high, 1.5-2 cm in ground diameter, developed root systems and free of diseases and insect pests. The test proves that: no. 9 tankan seedlings in Tan city, Shandong, grow rapidly and have strong branching power, and can provide good shade for pinellia ternata (see Table 5).

TABLE 5 statistics of growth indexes of ginkgo biloba of different provenances at year 2

In order to improve the survival rate, a series of pretreatment is carried out before transplanting the ginkgo, firstly, overlong root systems are cut off, then, carbendazim diluted aqueous solution is used for dipping and disinfection, and then, ABT rooting powder No. 3 diluted aqueous solution is used for dipping the roots for 1 hour. Statistics on the seedling revival time and the transplanting survival rate 2 indexes show that the optimal dilution multiple of the carbendazim is 500 times, and the optimal use concentration of the ABT rooting powder No. 3 is 15mg/kg (see Table 6).

TABLE 6 influence of different pretreatments on the survival rate of transplanting ginkgo biloba

Pre-treatment before transplantation	Time to delay seedling (Tian)	Survival rate (%)
			Soaking and sterilizing carbendazim aqueous solution (1: 300, v/v)	31	94.0
Soaking and sterilizing carbendazim aqueous solution (1: 500, v/v)	28	94.2
			Soaking and sterilizing carbendazim aqueous solution (1: 800, v/v)	30	91.8
Without disinfection	30	90.6
			Soaking ABT rooting powder No. 3 (20mg/kg) in the root for 1h	25	94.8
Soaking ABT rooting powder No. 3 (15mg/kg) in water for 1h	25	95.6
			Soaking ABT rooting powder No. 3 (10mg/kg) in the root for 1h	29	93.1
Without soaking root	36	90.4

Selecting sandy soil with thick soil layer, fertility, looseness, high organic matter content and pH value of 6.5-7.5 to build the garden. Applying enough base fertilizer and pesticide before planting nursery stocks in a garden, uniformly spreading 4000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 25kg of diammonium phosphate, 15kg of ferrous sulfate bactericide and 3kg of octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide in each mu of land, deeply ploughing by 40cm, raking, improving soil, killing insects and sterilizing. Before the nursery stock sprouts, the garden is ditched and planted in the south-north direction on the prepared garden, the garden is trampled after planting, watering is carried out in time, and soil is covered for water conservation. Researches on the planting density and the ditching depth of the ginkgo biloba are found (table 7 and table 8), the row spacing of 100cm and the plant spacing of 35cm are preferably selected for interplanting the pinellia ternate, and the vigorous growth of the ginkgo biloba and the pinellia ternate can be simultaneously met; the optimum ditching depth is 30cm, and the root and stem are about 10cm from the horizontal ground, so that the ginkgo root system and the pinellia ternate can be ensured to be in different soil layers, the nutrient utilization rate is improved, the ginkgo root system is prevented from being damaged in the management process of the pinellia ternate, and meanwhile, nutrient deficiency and waterlogging resistance weakening caused by too deep ginkgo root system are avoided.

TABLE 7 influence of Ginkgo biloba planting Density on the yield and quality of Ginkgo biloba leaves and pinellia ternata

TABLE 8 influence of the ditching depth for planting Ginkgo biloba on yield and quality of Ginkgo biloba and pinellia ternata

3000-4000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100 kg/mu of fermented cake fertilizer and 50-60 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate are applied to the garden to serve as base fertilizer, and the land is leveled. Selecting medium and small corms with the cross diameter of 0.5-1 cm, strong growth and no plant diseases and insect pests as seeds, interplanting the seeds in a ginkgo leaf picking garden in the next 3 months, soaking the seeds in a 50% carbendazim diluted aqueous solution (1: 1000, v/v) for 3 hours before planting, and airing. Interplanting is carried out among rows of ginkgo trees, 6 vertical ditches are selectively dug for drilling by comparing 4 seeding methods (table 9) such as broadcasting, drilling, ditching and planting, a 20cm passage is reserved in the middle, pinellia ternate ridging can be carried out in the later period, the row spacing is 10cm, the plant spacing is 5cm, the ditching width is 10cm, the depth is 5cm, triangular staggered seeding is carried out in each ditch, the seed consumption amount is 80 kg/mu, the covering soil thickness is 5-8 cm, and watering is permeable.

TABLE 9 influence of different sowing modes on yield and quality of interplanting pinellia ternata

In order to promote lateral branches, high-yield tree forms of the ginkgo leaves are cultivated, shading conditions are formed as soon as possible to be favorable for interplanting pinellia ternata, and stem cutting treatment is carried out in 2 nd year after permanent planting of the ginkgo (table 10): cutting a stem on a flat ground (5cm), a low-position stem (20cm), a middle-position stem (40cm) and a high-position stem (80cm), selecting 3-5 robust branches growing in different directions below a stem-fixing cut as first-level bone stem branches, cutting weak branches poor in development, cutting 1 time every year at a height of 20-30 cm, culturing multi-level lateral branches, culturing for 3-5 times, and culturing the whole tree into 12-20 bone stem branches to form a cluster-shaped crown with a height of about 2 m. Researches show that the drying effect is the most ideal at the position 40cm away from the ground, thereby not only realizing the high yield of the ginkgo leaves, but also quickly meeting the shading condition of the pinellia ternata.

TABLE 10 influence of height cut-off on yield and quality of ginkgo leaf and pinellia tuber

50 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer is topdressed in the middle ten days of 4 months, 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is topdressed at the bottom of 7 months, and 0.3% of urea and 1% of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed on the leaf surfaces 1 time and 3 times continuously every week in 8 months. At the beginning of 10 months, small ditches are arranged among the lines, 50kg of compound fertilizer and 1kg of EM bacterial fertilizer are applied to each mu of nursery land to supplement various trace elements (Fe: Mn: Zn: B: Cu: Mo: Co: I: 3:1:3:2:2:2: 1). The results are shown in table 11, the foliar fertilizer application of ginkgo can improve the yield of ginkgo leaves by more than 10%; the application of the EM bacterial manure can improve the yield of the ginkgo leaves and the pinellia ternata, and simultaneously has obvious promotion effect on the accumulation of effective components, the ginkgo flavonol glycosides and the terpene lactones are respectively improved by 9.9-12.0% and 6.1-7.4% compared with the contrast, and the total acid of the pinellia ternata is improved by 11.8-12.5% compared with the contrast.

TABLE 11 influence of additional fertilizer on yield and quality of folium Ginkgo and rhizoma Pinelliae

The ginkgo leaves are harvested by stages, from the last ten days of 8 months, mature leaves on branches in the crown and on the lower portion are harvested firstly, then middle leaves and upper leaves are harvested successively, 1/3 leaves of short branches are harvested each time, and the ginkgo leaves are harvested for the last time when the ginkgo leaves are about to turn yellow. Compared with 1-time harvest, the staged harvest can improve the leaf yield by 9.58-11.51 percent, and the ginkgetin glycoside and the terpene lactone are respectively improved by 6.0-6.8 percent and 5.2-6.9 percent. By harvesting in stages, the shade degree under the forest is adjusted, proper illumination intensity is provided for the growth of pinellia ternata, the seedlings are prevented from falling in advance due to over-strong illumination, poor growth due to insufficient light is avoided, and the yield increasing effect can reach 8.87% -9.45% (see table 12).

TABLE 12 influence of leaf-picking method on yield and quality of folium Ginkgo and rhizoma Pinelliae

Before ploughing in winter, applying 2000-3000 kg of farmyard manure and 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizers per mu; after aligning seedlings, applying 1000-1200 kg of light human and animal excreta per mu; in the middle and last ten days of 5 months (pearl bud formation period), 20kg of urea is applied to each mu, then clear excrement water is applied, and soil is covered after the application; pouring water with thin human and animal excrement and urine after 8 months when pinellia ternate shows new buds and pinellia ternate exuviates and grows new roots again after seedlings are poured for 8 months; when the pinellia ternate seedlings are completely grown, 25kg of cake fertilizer, 20kg of calcium superphosphate and 10kg of urea are applied to each mu. In the middle and later growth period of pinellia, 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed to roots every 10 days, and the yield increasing effect can reach 9.01 to 12.40 percent. In addition, 0.01 percent solution of sodium sulfite is sprayed in the high-temperature summer season of 6-8 months to inhibit the respiration of pinellia ternata and reduce the consumption of photosynthetic products, so that the seedling falling is delayed and reduced, and the yield is increased by 10.4-10.7 percent. After the pinellia ternate is planted in a high-temperature season for 6 months, the pinellia ternate is planted for 1-2 cm in thickness by combining intertillage weeding, and is planted for 1 time every 1 month, and is planted for 2-3 times in total. And (3) ridging soil, shoveling soil from the walkways, changing the walkways into drainage ditches, watering once every 15 days or so, and paying attention to drought control and waterlogging drainage. When the overground part withers in the early 11 months, the tubers are dug, fibrous roots are removed, the tubers are graded according to the size, the seeds of the medium and small stems are reserved, and the large stems are used as the medicine.

TABLE 13 influence of leaf surface dressing on yield and quality

Comparative example 2

Yield and quality of ginkgo biloba planting alone (effective component detection)

And reasonably selecting land, applying 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 25kg of diammonium phosphate, 15kg of ferrous sulfate bactericide and 3kg of octyl sulfur phosphorus insecticide to each mu of land, deeply turning by 40cm, raking, improving soil, killing insects and sterilizing. And in the spring of 2013, leaves of 3 years are selected and planted with the excellent quality of ginkgo seeds, the plant spacing is 35cm, the row spacing is 100cm, the seeds are trampled after planting, watering is carried out in time, and soil and water are covered. Cutting off the trunk at a position 40cm away from the ground in the 2 nd year after field planting, culturing 3-5 first-level bone trunk branches, cutting off for 1 time every other year with the height of 20-30 cm, culturing multi-level lateral branches, and culturing for 5 times to obtain 12-20 bone trunk branches from the whole tree. During the growing period of the ginkgo seedlings, frequently applying additional fertilizer, wherein nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the early stage (4-5 months), and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is properly applied to promote the growth of branches and leaves; the middle and later period (7-8 months) is mainly phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. 50kg of urea, 25kg of diammonium phosphate and 40kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of garden land every year, and the application is finished in 3 times (3 months, 6 months and 9 months). After leaf spreading (7-8 months), spraying fertilizer on the leaf surface for 3 times to keep the color of the leaf dark green and delay leaf aging. After leaves are picked in autumn (9-10 months), small ditches are opened between rows, and base fertilizer is applied again, wherein 100kg of cake fertilizer, 40kg of urea or 50kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of garden land. Irrigation in dry seasons and drainage of waterlogging in rainy seasons are noticed.

The ginkgo leaves are harvested by stages, from the last ten days of 8 months, mature leaves on branches in the crown and on the lower portion are harvested firstly, then middle leaves and upper leaves are harvested successively, 1/3 leaves of short branches are harvested each time, and the ginkgo leaves are harvested for the last time when the ginkgo leaves are about to turn yellow. The yields of gingko in the 2 nd and 3 rd years of field planting are respectively measured, 920kg of gingko leaves are harvested per mu in the 2 nd year of field planting, 290kg of dry products are obtained through processing, and the sales income is 2320 yuan according to the market price of 8 yuan/kg. In the 3 rd year of field planting, 1700kg of ginkgo leaves are harvested per mu, and 530kg of dry products are processed, wherein the sales income is 4240 yuan according to the market price of 8 yuan/kg. And after 4 years, the yield of the ginkgo leaves is stabilized to be about 2500 kg/mu, and the ginkgo leaves are processed to obtain about 800 kg/mu of dry products, wherein the sales income is 6400 yuan according to the current market price of 8 yuan/kg.

The quality of the ginkgo leaves is detected according to a method for detecting the effective components of the ginkgo leaves specified in pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China 2015 edition, and the detection result is as follows:

TABLE 14 results of leaf yield and quality test for ginkgo biloba planting alone

TABLE 15 independent planting of gingko for preventing and treating diseases, pests and weeds

Comparative example 3

Yield and quality of pinellia ternata planted alone (effective component detection)

The method comprises the steps of reasonably selecting land, applying 3000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100 kg/mu of fermented cake fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizer, leveling land, sowing pinellia ternate in ten days of 2 months, ditching in furrows at a row spacing of 20cm, wherein the depth of the ditches is 3-5 cm, uniformly placing medium and small corms which grow robustly and have no diseases and insect pests and have a transverse diameter of 0.5-1 cm in the ditches at a plant spacing of 2cm, enabling top buds to be upward, and then covering fine soil by 5cm, wherein the amount of seeds used per mu is about 100 kg. Weeding is carried out in time after the pinellia ternata seedlings are aligned, and 1000kg of light human and animal manure liquid is applied per mu; in the middle and last ten days of 5 months (pearl bud formation period), 20kg of urea is applied to each mu, then clear excrement water is applied, and soil is covered after the application; pouring water with thin human and animal excrement and urine after 8 months when pinellia ternate shows new buds and pinellia ternate exuviates and grows new roots again after seedlings are poured for 8 months; when the pinellia ternate seedlings are completely grown, 25kg of cake fertilizer, 20kg of calcium superphosphate and 10kg of urea are applied to each mu. In the middle and later growth period of pinellia, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed to the root of pinellia every 10 days for 1 time. After the pinellia ternate is planted in a high-temperature season for 6 months, the pinellia ternate is planted for 1-2 cm in thickness by combining intertillage weeding, and is planted for 1 time every 1 month, and is planted for 2-3 times in total. Watering once every 15 days, and paying attention to drought prevention and waterlogging drainage. Collecting and digging at the end of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months when the overground part withers, reserving seeds for the middle and small stems, and using the large stems as the medicine.

520kg of fresh pinellia ternate is collected per mu, about 150kg of seeds are reserved, 155kg of commercial pinellia ternate is obtained after processing, the selling income is 12400 yuan according to the market price of 80 yuan/kg, and sowing is not needed in the next year.

The quality of the harvested pinellia ternate is detected according to an effective component detection method of the pinellia ternate specified in pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China 2015 edition, and the detection result is as follows:

TABLE 16 detection results of yield and quality of rhizoma Pinelliae

TABLE 17 independent planting of pinellia tuber for preventing and treating diseases, pests and weeds

Disease and disease	Insect pest	Grass damage	Prevention and cure of expenses
				Leaf spot and virus disease	—	Herba seu radix Rubi Parvifolii, herba Cephalanoploris, herba Humuli Scandentis, and rhizoma Imperatae	260 yuan/mu

Claims

1. A cultivation method for interplanting ginkgo biloba and pinellia ternate comprises the following steps:

(1) planting the leaf-picked gingkoes: ditching and planting gingko on a garden in the north-south direction, wherein the depth of a ditch is 30cm, the width of the ditch is 30cm, the plant spacing is 35cm, the row spacing is 100cm, and the planting depth is 10cm above roots and stems by filling soil;

(2) interplanting of pinellia ternata: interplanting pinellia ternate 3 months in the next year, drilling 6 vertical ditches along the north-south direction between 100cm row spaces of the ginkgo for drilling, and forming a 20cm north-south walking channel between the two vertical ditches in the middle, wherein the depth of the ditches is 5cm, the width of the ditches is 10cm, the row space is 10cm, the plant spacing is 5cm, and the covering soil thickness is 5 cm;

(3) managing the leaf-picking gingkoes: cutting off the trunk of the ginkgo in the position 40cm away from the ground in the next year of field planting, and selecting 3 strong branches growing in different directions below a trunk cutting opening as bone trunk branches; cutting every other year for 1 time with the height of 20cm, culturing multi-stage lateral branches, culturing for 3 times, and culturing the whole tree into 12 bone branches to form a cluster-shaped crown;

fertilizing before plowing in winter: applying 2000kg of farmyard manure and 20kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of land as base fertilizer; topdressing for 4 times during the growing period of pinellia ternata; and (3) hilling pinellia ternata at the beginning of 6 months, shoveling earth from the walkways in the step (2), changing the walkways into drainage ditches, and watering once at intervals of 14-16 days.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the ginkgo seedlings used for planting ginkgo are ginkgo seedlings with the seedling age of 2-3 years, the seedling height of 1-1.5 m and the ground diameter of 1.5-2 cm.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the ginkgo biloba seedling is a ginkgo biloba seedling with a trade name of tanzan 9, fei 2 or fei 3.

4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ginkgo seedlings are pretreated: cutting 1/3 of the main root to remove the total length of the root system, dipping and disinfecting by using a carbendazim diluted aqueous solution, and then dipping the root for 0.5-3 h by using ABT rooting powder No. 3 or spraying on the surface of the root system.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), base fertilizer and pesticide are sufficiently applied to the garden before the seedlings are planted, 4000-4500 kg of thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer, 25-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15-20 kg of ferrous sulfate bactericide and 3-5 kg of octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide are uniformly spread to each mu of garden, and the garden is ploughed to a depth of 40-45 cm, so that soil is improved, and the effects of killing insects and sterilizing are achieved;

and/or in the step (1), the pH value of the soil of the garden is 6.5-7.5.

6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), before interplanting of pinellia ternata, base fertilizer application is performed: 3000-4000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100-110 kg/mu of fermented cake fertilizer and 50-60 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate;

and/or, in the step (2), pinellia ternata is interplanted by pinellia ternata corms with the transverse diameter of 0.5-1 cm, strong growth and no diseases and insect pests.

7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pinellia tuber bulb is pretreated: soaking seeds for 2-4 h by using 5% of plant ash liquid or carbendazim diluted aqueous solution, and airing, wherein the percentage is mass volume percentage concentration.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the pinellia ternate is interplanted at a distance of 5cm from the ground and a ground temperature of 8-10 ℃ within 3 months of the next year;

and/or in the step (2), the drilling is performed in a manner of triangular staggered sowing in each vertical ditch, and the seed consumption is 60-100 kg/mu.

9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (3) further comprises pruning the growing season of ginkgo for 5 months, and pinching the young shoots of 30cm or more;

and/or in the step (3), the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 4-5 months as 50-60 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer;

and/or in the step (3), applying a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer for 7-8 months for continuously spraying the leaf surfaces for 3-4 times per week;

and/or in the step (3), applying 100kg of cake fertilizer, 40kg of urea or 50kg of compound fertilizer per mu of land by the aid of the heavy base fertilizer and applying 15kg of ferrous sulfate or 1kg of EM bacterial fertilizer.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the foliar application control parameters include: 0.2 to 0.3 percent of urea and 0.5 to 1.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate.

11. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the control parameters of the foliar application further include 0.2% of ferrous sulfate, green zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer, photosynthetic trace element fertilizer, 0.4% of green fenobucarb and 0.03% of gibberellin, the percentages being mass percentages.

12. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein irrigation is avoided before harvesting in step (3).

13. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (4) of applying additional fertilizer 4 times comprises the steps of: after 1 time of seedling alignment, applying 1000-1200 kg of light human and animal excreta or 15-20 kg of urea per mu; in the 2 nd pearl bud forming period, 20-25 kg of urea is applied per mu, then clear excrement water is applied, and soil is covered after application; 3, pouring the mixture by using thin human and animal excrement and urine for pouring when the pinellia ternate exposes new buds and the pinellia ternate exuviates and grows new roots again after seedling pouring for the second time, and pouring for 1 time after half a month; and 4, applying 25-30 kg of cake fertilizer, 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate and 10-15 kg of urea to each mu when the pinellia ternate seedlings are completely grown.

14. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (4) further comprises: spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days at middle and late growth stage of rhizoma Pinelliae; spraying a 0.01% solution of sodium sulfite or a mixed solution of 0.01% sodium sulfite, 0.2% urea and 2% calcium superphosphate in summer of 6-8 months, wherein the percentage is the mass percentage concentration.

15. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the hilling is 1-2 cm thick, and the hilling is performed 1 time every 1 month and 2-3 times in total.