CN111386996A - Organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method - Google Patents

Organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method Download PDF

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CN111386996A
CN111386996A CN202010219514.1A CN202010219514A CN111386996A CN 111386996 A CN111386996 A CN 111386996A CN 202010219514 A CN202010219514 A CN 202010219514A CN 111386996 A CN111386996 A CN 111386996A
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planting
vegetable
vegetables
field
jin
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唐振海
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

A method for planting organic vegetables, grasses and vegetables in a symbiotic natural disease and pest prevention ecological mode comprises the steps of applying plant raw material organic fertilizer containing silica gel and humic gum to a field as natural ecological fertilizer, and applying no weed, chemical fertilizer, pesticide and plant raw material organic fertilizer in the whole growth process of the vegetables, so that labor and force are saved in the planting process, and the planting method is friendly to ecological environment. The vegetable cultivated by the method has good quality, stable yield, safety and health.

Description

Organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological agriculture planting, in particular to an organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and pest prevention ecological planting method.
Background
The vegetables are the food of people eating three meals a day. In the last 30 years, a great amount of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, chemical film mulching and other preparations with various functions are used in the planting process of vegetables, and although the preparations can prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests, control weeds and improve yield, residues of the chemical fertilizers, the pesticides, the chemical film mulching and the like greatly influence the quality of the vegetables and even cause harm to the safety of ecological environments such as soil, water and the like.
In the existing vegetable planting technology, in order to solve the problems of plant diseases and insect pests, weed control, yield increase and the like, various chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other chemical preparations are adopted for assisting planting to a certain extent no matter conventional planting or organic planting. The vegetable planting method adopts an external prevention and control method for plant diseases and insect pests and weed control. The external prevention method cannot fundamentally solve the problems of vegetable diseases and insect pests and weed growth, and can also bring about the problems of pesticide residue, excessive diseases and insect pests, nitrate residue and the like of agricultural products. The excessive dependence on pesticides and fertilizers can only ensure the production for a while, and the soil is feared to be polluted and weakened for a long time, so that the health of human bodies is influenced.
Therefore, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, which is necessary to overcome the defects of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to avoid the defects of the prior art and provide the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, chemical and agricultural means such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides and film covering are not used in the method, no deinsectization and weeding are needed during the growth of the vegetables, no additional plant raw material organic fertilizer is needed to be applied, the labor and the force are saved in the planting process, and the ecological environment is friendly. The vegetable cultivated by the method has good quality, stable yield, safety and health.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical measures.
The organic fertilizer containing siliceous gum and humic gum is applied to the field as a natural ecological fertilizer, and the whole growth process of the vegetables does not weed, does not apply fertilizer, does not spray pesticide and does not apply the organic fertilizer containing plant materials any more, and the amount of lime powder applied to the field once is as follows: lime powder is applied to each planting hole by 0.12-0.2 jin; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is applied to each planting ditch; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is applied to the flat ground per square meter.
The amount of the plant raw material organic fertilizer containing the siliceous glue and the humic gum applied to the field at one time is as follows: fertilizing 0.8-15 jin per planting hole; or fertilizing 7-20 jin per meter of planting ditch; or fertilizing 10-60 jin per square meter of the planting flat ground; or fertilizing 1000-4000 jin per mu of planted flat land.
Preferably, the silica gel and the humic gel are obtained by applying at least one of fresh plant ecological organic green manure or Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer to a field and performing oxidative decay.
Preferably, the fresh plant ecological organic green manure is obtained by the following steps:
planting Chinese milk vetch seeds in the field according to the standard of 6-8 jin/mu in the third quarter of the first year, ploughing and fermenting the land soil when growing in the middle and the last ten days of the third month of the second year, and applying the land soil as fresh plant ecological organic green manure to the field.
When the vegetables are planted for the first time in the second year, leaf vegetables which have more branches and leaves, are fermented and easily rotten and are suitable for being planted in the season are broadcast and sown for one time; when the leaf vegetables grow to the stage before the flowers bloom, 1 to 10 percent of the well-grown leaf vegetables are harvested for vegetable food or sale; the remaining 90 to 99 percent of the leaf vegetables and the weeds are ploughed and buried under the ground to be fermented into the fresh plant ecological organic green manure.
1-10% of weak vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried underground to ferment into fresh plant ecological organic green manure after the first vegetable planting in the second year.
Preferably, the natural ecological fertilizer is applied to the field by:
during harrowing, Chinese milk vetch which grows after being sowed and planted in the third quarter of the year in the field is ploughed and buried underground together with weeds, and becomes natural ecological fertilizer after being naturally rotten;
and also comprises that when the vegetables are planted for the first time in the second year, 90-99% of leaf vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried underground, and become natural ecological fertilizer after natural decay.
And the method also comprises the step of reserving 1-10% of weak vegetables and weeds for plowing and burying the weak vegetables and weeds in the ground after the first vegetable planting in the second year, wherein the weak vegetables and weeds are naturally rotten to form natural ecological fertilizer.
Preferably, the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining green manure
Sowing astragalus seeds into the field according to the standard of 6-8 jin/mu in the third quarter of the first year, and growing in the middle and last ten days of the third month of the second year; or remaining part of weak vegetables left after the vegetables are planted in the field each time and weeds in the field.
S2: soil preparation
Digging the field planted with the green manure manually or by a plowing machine, ditching, ridging and leveling the land; the width of each ridge of the land is 1-1.2 meters, and the length of each ridge is 10-15 meters; the width of the trench is 25-30 cm, and the depth of the trench is 20-30 cm; one of the ridges is selected as a seedling bed.
Planting the flattened ridge tops of the seedling raising bed in a hole-opening mode, wherein the planting hole distance is 15-30 cm, the planting hole depth is 10-23 cm, and the planting hole width is 10-30 cm; or transversely ditching and planting on the flattened ridge tops of the seedling raising bed, wherein the width of the planting furrow is 10-13 cm, the depth of the planting furrow is 12-20 cm, and the planting furrow distance is 25-35 cm; or planting on the flat ridge top land with the flat seedling bed, wherein the long side of the planted flat land is not more than the ridge length, and the short side of the planted flat land is not more than the ridge width.
S3: field management in seedling growing period
SA 3: spreading 0.12-0.2 jin of lime powder in each planting hole of the seedling bed; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is spread in each rice planting ditch of the seedling bed; or spreading a layer of lime powder 0.2-0.3 jin in each square meter of the seedling bed.
SB 3: applying 0.8-15 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to each planting hole of the seedling bed; or applying 7-20 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting ditch of the seedling bed; or applying 10-60 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to the flat ground every square meter of the seedling bed; or applying 1000-4000 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once per mu of the planting flat land of the seedling bed.
SC 3: in a planting hole, a planting ditch or a planting flat land where the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer are scattered, soil around the planting hole, the planting ditch or the planting flat land is uniformly stirred together with the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer by a small-sized tillage tool.
SD 3: sowing vegetable seeds in the uniformly stirred planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat lands; soil on the surface of planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat ground and vegetable seeds are uniformly stirred by a small-sized tillage tool.
SE 3: watering on the seedling bed covered with soil for sowing, wherein the whole seedling bed needs to be watered thoroughly for the first watering; watering every 1-2 days to keep the surface soil moist.
S4: field management in transplant period
SA 4: when the vegetable seedlings grow to be more than 4-6 leaves and 5-8 cm high, transplanting the vegetable seedlings into a field treated in a field preparation period; the field treated in the field preparation period is sequentially subjected to additional application treatment of lime powder and Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer.
SB 4: transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting holes of ridges of a field, planting 3-4 vegetable seedlings in each planting hole, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 4-6 cm, and planting each vegetable seedling in a finished product shape of Chinese character 'zi' or a square shape; covering soil on each vegetable seedling, and covering a layer of soil with the thickness of about 1-2 cm and without fertilizer or less fertilizer on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling; or transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting furrows on ridges of a field, planting 2-3 vegetable seedlings in each planting furrow, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 15-25 cm, and each vegetable seedling is planted in a straight line; covering soil on each planted vegetable seedling, and covering a layer of soil with the thickness of about 1-2 cm and without fertilizer or with little fertilizer on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling.
SC 4: watering vegetable seedlings on the vegetable seedling land covered with seedlings, wherein the watering needs to be carried out for the first time and the whole ridge needs to be watered thoroughly; watering every 1-2 days to keep the surface soil moist.
S5: harvesting period field management
SA 5: and (4) according to the density degree of the growth of the vegetables, harvesting part of the vegetables growing fast at the dense part of the vegetables.
SB 5: after the vegetables growing rapidly are partially harvested for many times, the vegetables are fully and greatly harvested when the remained vegetables grow.
S6: secondary back tillage
And (5) carrying out secondary back plowing according to the steps from S1 to S5, and planting vegetables suitable for growing in the season climate. The rainwater is abundant during the vegetable planting period, and the amount of lime powder applied in each back plowing is 10-30% of the last application amount; or during the vegetable planting period, the lime powder is stopped for each back plowing because of drought and rain.
Preferably, in the field preparation period, the lime powder application and Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer application steps are sequentially carried out, and specifically:
(1) lime powder application
Spreading lime powder 0.12-0.2 jin on each planting hole of the ridge; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is scattered in each planting ditch of the ridge.
(2) Increased application of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer
Applying 0.8-15 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to each planting hole of the ridge once; or applying 7-20 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting ditch of the ridge.
(3) In the planting hole or the planting ditch where the lime powder and the plant raw material organic fertilizer are scattered, soil around the planting hole or the planting ditch is uniformly stirred together with the lime powder and the plant raw material organic fertilizer by a small-sized tillage tool, and the vegetable seedling is ready to be transplanted.
Preferably, in step S1, when vegetables are planted in the field for the first time, leafy vegetables which have more branches and leaves, are fermented and easily rotten and are suitable for being planted in the season are broadcast once; when the leaf vegetables grow to the stage before the flowers bloom, 1 to 10 percent of the well-grown leaf vegetables are harvested for vegetable food or sale; the remaining 90-99% of the leaf vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried under the ground to be fermented into fresh plant ecological organic green manure which is used as natural ecological manure for the second vegetable planting.
1-10% of weak vegetables and weeds are plowed and buried in the ground to ferment into fresh plant ecological organic green manure as natural ecological manure for the next planting after the vegetables are planted in the field for the first time.
Preferably, the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining green manure
Sowing astragalus seeds into the field according to the standard of 7 jin/mu in the third quarter of the first year, and growing in the middle and last ten days of the third month of the second year; or remaining part of weak vegetables left after the vegetables are planted in the field each time and weeds in the field.
S2: soil preparation
Digging the field planted with the green manure manually or by a plowing machine, ditching, ridging and leveling the land; the width of each ridge of the land is 1.1 m, and the length of each ridge is 13 m; the width of the trench is 28 cm, and the depth of the trench is 25 cm; one of the ridges is selected as a seedling bed.
Planting the seedlings on the flattened ridge tops of the seedling raising bed by forming holes, wherein the planting hole distance is 22 cm, the planting hole depth is 16 cm, and the planting hole width is 20 cm; or transversely ditching and planting on the leveled ridge top of the seedling bed, wherein the width of the planting ditch is 12 cm, the depth of the planting ditch is 16 cm, and the distance between the planting ditches is 30 cm; or planting on the flat ridge top land with the flat seedling bed, wherein the long side of the planted flat land is not more than the ridge length, and the short side of the planted flat land is not more than the ridge width.
S3: field management in seedling growing period
SA 3: spreading 0.16 jin of lime powder in each planting hole of the seedling bed; or spreading 0.25 jin of lime powder in each planting ditch of the seedling bed; or 0.25 jin of lime powder is scattered on each square meter of the seedling bed.
SB 3: applying 8 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting hole of the seedling bed; or applying 13 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting ditch of the seedling bed; or applying 35 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once per square meter of planting land of the seedling bed; or 2500 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer is applied to the planting flat land of each mu of the seedling bed.
SC 3: in a planting hole, a planting ditch or a planting flat land where the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer are scattered, soil around the planting hole, the planting ditch or the planting flat land is uniformly stirred together with the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer by a small-sized tillage tool.
SD 3: sowing vegetable seeds in the uniformly stirred planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat lands; soil on the surface of planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat ground and vegetable seeds are uniformly stirred by a small-sized tillage tool.
SE 3: watering on the seedling bed covered with soil for sowing, wherein the whole seedling bed needs to be watered thoroughly for the first watering; watering every 1 day to keep the surface soil moist.
S4: field management in transplant period
SA 4: when the vegetable seedlings grow to be more than 5 leaves and reach the height of 7 cm, the vegetable seedlings need to be transplanted into a field treated in the field preparation period; the field treated in the field preparation period is sequentially subjected to additional application treatment of lime powder and Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer.
SB 4: transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting holes of ridges of a field, planting 4 vegetable seedlings in each planting hole, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 5 cm, and each vegetable seedling is planted in a square shape; covering soil on each vegetable seedling, and covering a layer of soil with a thickness of about 1.5 cm below the vegetable seedling without fertilizer or with less fertilizer on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling; or transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting furrows of field ridges, planting 3 vegetable seedlings in each planting furrow, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 20 cm, and each vegetable seedling is planted in a straight line; after covering soil on each vegetable seedling, covering a layer of soil with thickness of about 1.5 cm on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling.
SC 4: watering vegetable seedlings on the vegetable seedling land covered with seedlings, wherein the watering needs to be carried out for the first time and the whole ridge needs to be watered thoroughly; watering every 2 days to keep the surface soil moist.
S5: harvesting period field management
SA 5: and (4) according to the density degree of the growth of the vegetables, harvesting part of the vegetables growing fast at the dense part of the vegetables.
SB 5: after the vegetables growing rapidly are partially harvested for many times, the vegetables are fully and greatly harvested when the remained vegetables grow.
S6: secondary back tillage
And (5) carrying out secondary back plowing according to the steps from S1 to S5, and planting vegetables suitable for growing in the season climate. The rainwater is abundant during the vegetable planting period, and the amount of lime powder applied in each back plowing is 20% of the last application amount; or during the vegetable planting period, the lime powder is stopped for each back plowing because of drought and rain.
Preferably, in step S1, when vegetables are planted in the field for the first time, leafy vegetables which have more branches and leaves, are fermented and easily rotten and are suitable for being planted in the season are broadcast once; when the leaf vegetables grow to the stage before flowering, 5% of the grown leaf vegetables are harvested for vegetable food or sale; the remaining 95% of the leaf vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried under the ground to be fermented into fresh plant ecological organic green manure which is used as natural ecological manure for the second vegetable planting.
5% of weak vegetables and weeds are plowed and buried in the ground to ferment into fresh plant ecological organic green manure as natural ecological manure for the next vegetable planting after the vegetables are planted in the field for the first time.
The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method of the invention applies plant raw material organic fertilizer containing silica gel and humic gum as natural ecological fertilizer in the field, and the whole growth process of the vegetable does not weed, apply fertilizer, spray pesticide and apply plant raw material organic fertilizer, the amount of lime powder applied in the field once is as follows: lime powder is applied to each planting hole by 0.12-0.2 jin; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is applied to each planting ditch; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is applied to the flat ground per square meter; the amount of the plant raw material organic fertilizer containing the siliceous glue and the humic gum applied to the field at one time is as follows: fertilizing 0.8-15 jin per planting hole; or fertilizing 7-20 jin per meter of planting ditch; or fertilizing 10-60 jin per square meter of the planting flat ground; or fertilizing 1000-4000 jin per mu of planted flat land.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, the plant raw material organic fertilizer containing a large amount of silica gel and humic gum is applied as the natural ecological fertilizer, so that a good natural disease and insect pest prevention effect can be achieved, the problem of pesticide residue generated by using chemical pesticides is avoided, and the food safety is guaranteed.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, the growth speeds of vegetables and weeds are controlled by applying different fertilizing amounts and reasonable close planting, the vegetables grow fast due to more fertilizing, and the weeds grow slowly due to no fertilizer or less fertilizer, so that the effects that grass and vegetable symbiosis do not influence each other in growth are achieved, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by using chemical film coating or herbicides is avoided.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, additional fertilization is not needed in the planting process, and the residual weak vegetables and weeds harvested in each planting process are directly ploughed and buried underground to be used as natural ecological fertilizers and applied to a field, so that the soil fertility is maintained, and nutrients are provided for the subsequently planted vegetables.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease damage prevention ecological planting method, the fresh plant ecological organic green manure such as green manure plants, weak vegetables and weeds and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer are used as planting fertilizers, the components are natural, the soil looseness is improved, the soil fertility structure is improved, and the pesticide residue and heavy metal content are reduced.
The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method is practical and effective, pesticide spraying and insect killing are not needed in the whole process, weeding is not needed, natural ecological fertilizer is applied once before the vegetables are planted, additional fertilizer application is not needed in each planting in the future, compared with conventional planting and organic planting, the process is time-saving and labor-saving, the operation is simple and easy to master, the ecological benefit is high, and the ecological environment-friendly requirement is met.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, the produced vegetable is full and solid, sweet and delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, meets the national food health requirement, and is beneficial to the health of people.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1.
A method for planting organic vegetables, grass and vegetables in a symbiotic natural disease and pest prevention ecological mode comprises the steps of applying plant raw material organic fertilizer containing silica gel and humic gum to a field as natural ecological fertilizer, applying no chemical fertilizer, spraying no pesticide and applying no plant raw material organic fertilizer in a whole growth process of the vegetables, wherein the amount of lime powder applied to the field at one time is as follows: lime powder is applied to each planting hole by 0.12-0.2 jin; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is applied to each planting ditch; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is applied to the flat ground per square meter; the amount of the plant raw material organic fertilizer containing the siliceous glue and the humic gum applied to the field at one time is as follows: fertilizing 0.8-15 jin per planting hole; or fertilizing 7-20 jin per meter of planting ditch; or fertilizing 10-60 jin per square meter of the planting flat ground; or fertilizing 1000-4000 jin per mu of planted flat land.
It should be noted that 0.12 jin is applied to each planting hole; or 0.2 jin is applied in each planting ditch; or 0.2 jin of lime powder is applied to the flat ground per square meter in an amount sufficient for disinfecting and sterilizing the soil, improving the soil property, neutralizing the soil acidity and adjusting the pH value to be neutral, thereby laying a foundation for the subsequent healthy planting of vegetables.
0.8 jin is applied to each planting hole; or 7 jin of fertilizer is applied in each planting ditch; or 10 jin of soil is planted in each square meter; or the application amount of the plant raw material organic fertilizer containing the siliceous glue and the humic gum applied to the flat ground is 1000 jin per mu, so that the spreading damage of the plant diseases and insect pests can be controlled, and the increase of the application amount can promote the improvement of the yield, improve the plant disease and insect pest resisting and preventing effect and improve the soil fertility structure.
The siliceous gums and humic gums used in the present invention are derived from the vegetables themselves and other green manure plant material. Firstly, the vegetables contain a large amount of components such as siliceous glue and organic matters, and the organic matters contain a large amount of humic glue. The vegetables are naturally rotten under the action of rain oxidation and the like in the field, and then a large amount of siliceous glue and humus glue solution is released. And secondly, other plant bodies and animal carcasses on the ground are oxidized by air and rainwater and naturally rotted to be converted into organic matters, and the organic matters are converted into humus under the action of microorganisms. The humus is a colloid organic substance formed by the microbial decomposition of dead organisms in soil, contains some elements required by the growth and development of plants, and can improve the soil and increase the fertility. Meanwhile, the humus has acidity and high nitrogen content, and is slowly decomposed in soil under a certain condition, so that nutrients mainly comprising nitrogen and sulfur are released to be absorbed by plants, and carbon dioxide is released to enhance photosynthesis of the plants. The high molecular weight organic substances in the siliceous glue and the humic glue have stable chemical properties, can obviously promote the polymerization of soil colloid particles, improve the adsorption capacity of the colloid particles and prevent the runoff of surface water and soil erosion; more pores are formed, and the permeability and the tiltability of the soil are improved.
The silica gel and the humic gel are obtained by applying at least one of fresh plant ecological organic green manure or traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to a field and performing oxidative decay.
The fresh plant ecological organic green manure is obtained by the following method:
planting Chinese milk vetch seeds in the field according to the standard of 6-8 jin/mu in the third quarter of the first year, ploughing and fermenting the land soil when growing in the middle and the last ten days of the third month of the second year, and applying the land soil as fresh plant ecological organic green manure to the field. Preferably, the astragalus sinicus seeds are sown in the field according to the standard of 7 jin/mu in the third quarter of the previous year.
When the vegetables are planted for the first time in the second year, leaf vegetables which have more branches and leaves, are fermented and easily rotten and are suitable for being planted in the season are broadcast and sown for one time; when the leaf vegetables grow to the stage before the flowers bloom, 1 to 10 percent of the well-grown leaf vegetables are harvested for vegetable food or sale; the remaining 90 to 99 percent of the leaf vegetables and the weeds are ploughed and buried under the ground to be fermented into the fresh plant ecological organic green manure. Preferably, when the leaf vegetables grow to the stage before flowering, 5% of the grown leaf vegetables are harvested for vegetable eating or selling; the remaining 95 percent of leaf vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried under the ground to be fermented into the fresh plant ecological organic green manure.
1-10% of weak vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried underground to ferment into fresh plant ecological organic green manure after the first vegetable planting in the second year. Preferably, 5% of weak vegetables are left in each vegetable planting after the first vegetable planting in the second year, and the weak vegetables are buried in the ground together with weed ploughing to ferment into the fresh plant ecological organic green manure.
The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method preferably applies natural ecological fertilizer to the field in the following mode:
when harrowing, the astragalus sinicus grown after the field is sown and planted in the third quarter of the year and the weeds are ploughed and buried underground, and the astragalus sinicus becomes a natural ecological fertilizer after being naturally rotten. And also comprises that when the vegetables are planted for the first time in the second year, 90-99% of leaf vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried underground, and become natural ecological fertilizer after natural decay. And the method also comprises the step of reserving 1-10% of weak vegetables and weeds for plowing and burying the weak vegetables and weeds in the ground after the first vegetable planting in the second year, wherein the weak vegetables and weeds are naturally rotten to form natural ecological fertilizer.
In practice, the applicant finds that the vegetable which is harmful to diseases and insects has the characteristics of selectivity and tropism, and the insects are sensitive to smell and old and tender plants; germs usually invade the vegetable plant body from the tender underground roots and the outside of stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and the like on the ground. Because the plant siliceous glue and the humic glue are sticky and smooth, and are also quickly hardened and bad in taste, after the root system of the vegetable absorbs a certain amount of nutrients of the plant siliceous glue and the humic glue, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits on the upper part of the surface of the vegetable quickly become hard, thick and old, and insects do not like eating the hardened plants; meanwhile, the germs are not easy to invade into the hardened plant tissues, and are not easy to spread and spread even if the germs invade. Therefore, by applying the two substances of the siliceous gum and the humic gum in the soil, the health condition of the soil can be improved, the stems and leaves of the plants can be hardened, thickened and aged, the resistance of the stems and leaves of the plants can be increased, the odor of the stems and leaves of the plants can be changed, and the aim of preventing plant diseases and insect pests is fulfilled naturally. The principle of the method for preventing plant diseases and insect pests by symbiosis of vegetables, grasses and vegetables is called as a 'plant symbiosis method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in vegetables' interior.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, chemical and agricultural means such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides and film covering are not used, deinsectization and weeding are not needed during vegetable growth, additional plant raw material organic fertilizers are not needed, labor and force are saved in the planting process, and the planting method is friendly to ecological environment. The vegetable cultivated by the method has good quality, stable yield, safety and health.
Example 2.
The embodiment specifically provides an organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining green manure
Sowing astragalus seeds into the field according to the standard of 6-8 jin/mu in the third quarter of the first year, and growing in the middle and last ten days of the third month of the second year; or remaining part of weak vegetables left after the vegetables are planted in the field each time and weeds in the field.
It should be noted that the green manure used in the present invention has three types. The first green manure is astragalus sinicus planted in the third quarter of the first year, has strong nitrogen fixation capacity and high nitrogen content, and is a good green manure plant. The second green manure is the leafy vegetables and weeds planted for the first time in the second year, the planting target of the leafy vegetables in the batch does not directly generate economic benefit, but is used as one of natural ecological fertilizers of the field, persistent nutrients are provided for the field, and a variety which is short in growth cycle, numerous in branches and leaves, easy to ferment and rot and suitable for being planted in the season is selected. The third green manure is a small portion of the weak vegetables and weeds remaining after harvesting of each vegetable planting from the second vegetable planting in the second year. And the second vegetable planting starts to enter a state with economic benefit as a target, and after each heavy harvest, the remaining small parts of weak vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried under the ground to serve as natural ecological fertilizer for the next vegetable planting. According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, natural ecological fertilizer is applied to a field once before the first vegetable planting, partial weak vegetables and weeds produced in the field are used as fertilizer sources in the subsequent vegetable planting process, additional natural ecological fertilizer or chemical fertilizer is not needed, and the production cost is saved.
S2: soil preparation
Digging the field planted with the green manure manually or by a plowing machine, ditching, ridging and leveling the land; the width of each ridge of the land is 1-1.2 meters, and the length of each ridge is 10-15 meters; the width of the trench is 25-30 cm, and the depth of the trench is 20-30 cm; selecting one of the ridges as a seedling bed; planting the flattened ridge tops of the seedling raising bed in a hole-opening mode, wherein the planting hole distance is 15-30 cm, the planting hole depth is 10-23 cm, and the planting hole width is 10-30 cm; or transversely ditching and planting on the flattened ridge tops of the seedling raising bed, wherein the width of the planting furrow is 10-13 cm, the depth of the planting furrow is 12-20 cm, and the planting furrow distance is 25-35 cm; or planting on the flat ridge top land with the flat seedling bed, wherein the long side of the planted flat land is not more than the ridge length, and the short side of the planted flat land is not more than the ridge width.
The distance, size and depth of the planting holes or the planting ditches can be determined according to the variety of the planted vegetables, the planting holes or the planting ditches are wider in distance, the planting holes or the planting ditches are wider in width, and the planting holes or the planting ditches are deeper; the planting method is characterized in that vegetables with small canopy width such as leaf vegetables are planted, the distance between planting holes or planting ditches is narrow, the width of the planting holes or the planting ditches is small, and the depth of the planting holes or the planting ditches is shallow.
S3: field management in seedling growing period
SA 3: spreading 0.12-0.2 jin of lime powder in each planting hole of the seedling bed; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is spread in each rice planting ditch of the seedling bed; or spreading a layer of lime powder 0.2-0.3 jin in each square meter of the seedling bed.
SB 3: applying 0.8-15 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to each planting hole of the seedling bed; or applying 7-20 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting ditch of the seedling bed; or applying 10-60 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to the flat ground every square meter of the seedling bed; or applying 1000-4000 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once per mu of the planting flat land of the seedling bed.
SC 3: in a planting hole, a planting ditch or a planting flat land where the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer are scattered, soil around the planting hole, the planting ditch or the planting flat land is uniformly stirred together with the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer by a small-sized tillage tool.
SD 3: sowing vegetable seeds in the uniformly stirred planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat lands; soil on the surface of planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat ground and vegetable seeds are uniformly stirred by a small-sized tillage tool.
SE 3: watering on the seedling bed covered with soil for sowing, wherein the whole seedling bed needs to be watered thoroughly for the first watering; watering every 1-2 days to keep the surface soil moist.
S4: field management in transplant period
SA 4: when the vegetable seedlings grow to be more than 4-6 leaves and 5-8 cm high, transplanting the vegetable seedlings into a field treated in a field preparation period; the field treated in the field preparation period is sequentially subjected to additional application treatment of lime powder and Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer.
SB 4: transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting holes of ridges of a field, planting 3-4 vegetable seedlings in each planting hole, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 4-6 cm, and planting each vegetable seedling in a finished product shape of Chinese character 'zi' or a square shape; covering soil on each vegetable seedling, and covering a layer of soil with the thickness of about 1-2 cm and without fertilizer or less fertilizer on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling; or transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting furrows on ridges of a field, planting 2-3 vegetable seedlings in each planting furrow, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 15-25 cm, and each vegetable seedling is planted in a straight line; covering soil on each planted vegetable seedling, and covering a layer of soil with the thickness of about 1-2 cm and without fertilizer or with little fertilizer on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling.
SC 4: watering vegetable seedlings on the vegetable seedling land covered with seedlings, wherein the watering needs to be carried out for the first time and the whole ridge needs to be watered thoroughly; watering every 1-2 days to keep the surface soil moist.
S5: harvesting period field management
SA 5: and (4) according to the density degree of the growth of the vegetables, harvesting part of the vegetables growing fast at the dense part of the vegetables.
SB 5: after the vegetables growing rapidly are partially harvested for many times, the vegetables are fully and greatly harvested when the remained vegetables grow.
S6: secondary back tillage
And (5) carrying out secondary back plowing according to the steps from S1 to S5, and planting vegetables suitable for growing in the season climate. The rainwater is abundant during the vegetable planting period, and the amount of lime powder applied in each back plowing is 10-30% of the last application amount; or during the vegetable planting period, the lime powder is stopped for secondary back plowing. Generally, lime powder is applied to a field once at the first vegetable planting in the middle of the year, and then lime powder is not applied to vegetable planting as much as possible; if the rainy season of the first half year is frequent, lime powder which is 10-30% of the last application amount can be applied to the ground surface when the vegetables are cultivated by twice back ploughing.
In the preparation period of the field, lime powder application and Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer application steps are sequentially carried out, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) lime powder application
Spreading lime powder 0.12-0.2 jin on each planting hole of the ridge; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is scattered in each planting ditch of the ridge.
(2) Increased application of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer
Applying 0.8-15 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to each planting hole of the ridge once; or applying 7-20 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting ditch of the ridge.
(3) In the planting hole or the planting ditch where the lime powder and the plant raw material organic fertilizer are scattered, soil around the planting hole or the planting ditch is uniformly stirred together with the lime powder and the plant raw material organic fertilizer by a small-sized tillage tool, and the vegetable seedling is ready to be transplanted.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, the plant raw material organic fertilizer containing a large amount of silica gel and humic gum is applied as the natural ecological fertilizer, so that a good natural disease and insect pest prevention effect can be achieved, the problem of pesticide residue generated by using chemical pesticides is avoided, and the food safety is guaranteed.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, the growth speeds of vegetables and weeds are controlled by applying different fertilizing amounts and reasonable close planting, the vegetables grow fast due to more fertilizing, and the weeds grow slowly due to no fertilizer or less fertilizer, so that the effects that grass and vegetable symbiosis do not influence each other in growth are achieved, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by using chemical film coating or herbicides is avoided.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, additional fertilization is not needed in the planting process, and the residual weak vegetables and weeds harvested in each planting process are directly ploughed and buried underground to be used as natural ecological fertilizers and applied to a field, so that the soil fertility is maintained, and nutrients are provided for the subsequently planted vegetables.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease damage prevention ecological planting method, the fresh plant ecological organic green manure such as green manure plants, weak vegetables and weeds and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer are used as planting fertilizers, the components are natural, the soil looseness is improved, the soil fertility structure is improved, and the pesticide residue and heavy metal content are reduced.
The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method is practical and effective, pesticide spraying and insect killing are not needed in the whole process, weeding is not needed, natural ecological fertilizer is applied once before the vegetables are planted, additional fertilizer application is not needed in each planting in the future, compared with conventional planting and organic planting, the process is time-saving and labor-saving, the operation is simple and easy to master, the ecological benefit is high, and the ecological environment-friendly requirement is met.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method, the produced vegetable is full and solid, sweet and delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, meets the national food health requirement, and is beneficial to the health of people.
In conclusion, the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the plant raw material organic fertilizer containing the siliceous glue and the humic glue is applied to the field as the natural ecological fertilizer, and the plant raw material organic fertilizer is not required to be weeded, applied with a chemical fertilizer, sprayed with a pesticide and applied again in the whole growth process of the vegetable, so that the planting process is labor-saving and labor-saving, and meanwhile, the ecological environment is friendly. The vegetable cultivated by the method has good quality, stable yield, safety and health.
Example 3.
The embodiment provides an organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining green manure
Sowing astragalus seeds into the field according to the standard of 7 jin/mu in the third quarter of the first year, and growing in the middle and last ten days of the third month of the second year; or remaining part of weak vegetables left after the vegetables are planted in the field each time and weeds in the field.
S2: soil preparation
Digging the field planted with the green manure manually or by a plowing machine, ditching, ridging and leveling the land; the width of each ridge of the land is 1.1 m, and the length of each ridge is 13 m; the width of the trench is 28 cm, and the depth of the trench is 25 cm. One of the ridges is selected as a seedling bed. Planting the seedlings on the flattened ridge tops of the seedling raising bed by forming holes, wherein the planting hole distance is 22 cm, the planting hole depth is 16 cm, and the planting hole width is 20 cm; or transversely ditching and planting on the leveled ridge top of the seedling bed, wherein the width of the planting ditch is 12 cm, the depth of the planting ditch is 16 cm, and the distance between the planting ditches is 30 cm; or planting on the flat ridge top land with the flat seedling bed, wherein the long side of the planted flat land is not more than the ridge length, and the short side of the planted flat land is not more than the ridge width.
S3: field management in seedling growing period
SA 3: spreading 0.16 jin of lime powder in each planting hole of the seedling bed; or spreading 0.25 jin of lime powder in each planting ditch of the seedling bed; or 0.25 jin of lime powder is scattered on each square meter of the seedling bed.
SB 3: applying 8 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting hole of the seedling bed; or applying 13 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting ditch of the seedling bed; or applying 35 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once per square meter of planting land of the seedling bed; or 2500 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer is applied to the planting flat land of each mu of the seedling bed.
SC 3: in a planting hole, a planting ditch or a planting flat land where the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer are scattered, soil around the planting hole, the planting ditch or the planting flat land is uniformly stirred together with the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer by a small-sized tillage tool.
SD 3: sowing vegetable seeds in the uniformly stirred planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat lands; soil on the surface of planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat ground and vegetable seeds are uniformly stirred by a small-sized tillage tool.
SE 3: watering on the seedling bed covered with soil for sowing, wherein the whole seedling bed needs to be watered thoroughly for the first watering; watering every 1 day to keep the surface soil moist.
S4: field management in transplant period
SA 4: when the vegetable seedlings grow to be more than 5 leaves and reach the height of 7 cm, the vegetable seedlings need to be transplanted into a field treated in the field preparation period; the field treated in the field preparation period is sequentially subjected to additional application treatment of lime powder and Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer.
SB 4: transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting holes of ridges of a field, planting 4 vegetable seedlings in each planting hole, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 5 cm, and each vegetable seedling is planted in a square shape; covering soil on each vegetable seedling, and covering a layer of soil with a thickness of about 1.5 cm below the vegetable seedling without fertilizer or with less fertilizer on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling; or transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting furrows of field ridges, planting 3 vegetable seedlings in each planting furrow, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 20 cm, and each vegetable seedling is planted in a straight line; after covering soil on each vegetable seedling, covering a layer of soil with thickness of about 1.5 cm on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling.
SC 4: watering vegetable seedlings on the vegetable seedling land covered with seedlings, wherein the watering needs to be carried out for the first time and the whole ridge needs to be watered thoroughly; watering every 2 days to keep the surface soil moist.
S5: harvesting period field management
SA 5: and (4) according to the density degree of the growth of the vegetables, harvesting part of the vegetables growing fast at the dense part of the vegetables.
SB 5: after the vegetables growing rapidly are partially harvested for many times, the vegetables are fully and greatly harvested when the remained vegetables grow.
S6: secondary back tillage
And (5) carrying out secondary back plowing according to the steps from S1 to S5, and planting vegetables suitable for growing in the season climate. The rainwater is abundant during the vegetable planting period, and the amount of lime powder applied in each back plowing is 20% of the last application amount; or during the vegetable planting period, the lime powder is stopped for each back plowing because of drought and rain.
In the preparation period of the field, lime powder application and Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer application steps are sequentially carried out, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) lime powder application
Spreading 0.16 jin of lime powder on each planting hole of the ridge; or 0.15 jin of lime powder is scattered in each planting ditch of the ridge.
(2) Increased application of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer
Applying 8 jin of Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting hole of the ridge; or applying 14 jin of the Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting ditch of the ridge.
(3) In the planting hole or the planting ditch where the lime powder and the plant raw material organic fertilizer are scattered, soil around the planting hole or the planting ditch is uniformly stirred together with the lime powder and the plant raw material organic fertilizer by a small-sized tillage tool, and the vegetable seedling is ready to be transplanted.
According to the organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method, the plant raw material organic fertilizer containing the silica gel and the humic gum is applied to the field as the natural ecological fertilizer, and the whole growth process of the vegetable does not weed, does not apply chemical fertilizer, does not spray pesticide and does not apply the plant raw material organic fertilizer any more, so that the planting process is labor-saving and labor-saving, and meanwhile, the ecological environment is friendly. The vegetable cultivated by the method has good quality, stable yield, safety and health.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method is characterized in that a plant raw material organic fertilizer containing silica gel and humic gum is applied to a field as a natural ecological fertilizer, no weed is removed, no chemical fertilizer is applied, no pesticide is sprayed, no plant raw material organic fertilizer is applied again in the whole growth process of vegetables, and the amount of lime powder applied to the field at one time is as follows:
lime powder is applied to each planting hole by 0.12-0.2 jin; or
Lime powder is applied to each planting ditch by 0.2-0.3 jin; or
Applying 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder to the flat ground per square meter;
the amount of the plant raw material organic fertilizer containing the siliceous glue and the humic gum applied to the field at one time is as follows:
fertilizing 0.8-15 jin per planting hole; or
Fertilizing 7-20 jin per meter of planting ditch; or
Fertilizing 10-60 jin per square meter of planting flat land; or
Fertilizing for 1000-4000 jin per mu of planted flat land.
2. The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method according to claim 1, wherein the silica gel and the humic gel are obtained by applying at least one of fresh plant ecological organic green manure or traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to a field and performing oxidative decay on the fresh plant ecological organic green manure or the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer.
3. The method for symbiotic natural pest and disease control ecological planting of organic vegetables and grasses as claimed in claim 2, wherein the silica gel and the humic gel are obtained after oxidative decay by applying fresh plant ecological organic green manure to the field, the fresh plant ecological organic green manure being obtained by:
sowing astragalus sinicus seeds into the field according to the standard of 6-8 jin/mu in the third quarter of the first year, ploughing and fermenting the field soil when growing in the middle and the last ten days of the third month of the second year, and applying the field soil as fresh plant ecological organic green manure to the field;
when the vegetables are planted for the first time in the second year, leaf vegetables which have more branches and leaves, are fermented and easily rotten and are suitable for being planted in the season are broadcast and sown for one time; when the leaf vegetables grow to the stage before the flowers bloom, 1 to 10 percent of the well-grown leaf vegetables are harvested for vegetable food or sale; the remaining 90 to 99 percent of the leaf vegetables and the weeds are ploughed and buried under the ground to be fermented into fresh plant ecological organic green manure; 1-10% of weak vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried underground to ferment into fresh plant ecological organic green manure after the first vegetable planting in the second year.
4. The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease control ecological planting method according to claim 3, wherein the natural ecological fertilizer is applied to the field in the following way:
during harrowing, Chinese milk vetch which grows after being sowed and planted in the third quarter of the year in the field is ploughed and buried underground together with weeds, and becomes natural ecological fertilizer after being naturally rotten;
also comprises that when the first vegetable planting in the second year, 90 to 99 percent of leaf vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried underground, and become natural ecological fertilizer after natural decay;
and the method also comprises the step of reserving 1-10% of weak vegetables and weeds for plowing and burying the weak vegetables and weeds in the ground after the first vegetable planting in the second year, wherein the weak vegetables and weeds are naturally rotten to form natural ecological fertilizer.
5. The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method according to claim 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining green manure
Sowing astragalus seeds into the field according to the standard of 6-8 jin/mu in the third quarter of the first year, and growing in the middle and last ten days of the third month of the second year; or
Remaining partial weak vegetables and weeds in the field after the vegetables are planted in the field each time;
s2: soil preparation
Digging the field planted with the green manure manually or by a plowing machine, ditching, ridging and leveling the land; the width of each ridge of the land is 1-1.2 meters, and the length of each ridge is 10-15 meters; the width of the trench is 25-30 cm, and the depth of the trench is 20-30 cm; selecting one of the ridges as a seedling bed;
planting the flattened ridge tops of the seedling raising bed in a hole-opening mode, wherein the planting hole distance is 15-30 cm, the planting hole depth is 10-23 cm, and the planting hole width is 10-30 cm; or
Transversely ditching and planting on the leveled ridge tops of the seedling raising bed, wherein the width of a planting furrow is 10-13 cm, the depth of the planting furrow is 12-20 cm, and the distance between the planting furrows is 25-35 cm; or
Planting on the flat land at the top of the ridge with the flat seedling bed, wherein the long side of the planted flat land is not more than the length of the ridge, and the short side of the planted flat land is not more than the width of the ridge;
s3: field management in seedling growing period
SA 3: spreading 0.12-0.2 jin of lime powder in each planting hole of the seedling bed; or 0.2-0.3 jin of lime powder is spread in each rice planting ditch of the seedling bed; or spreading a layer of lime powder 0.2-0.3 jin in each square meter of planting land of the seedling bed;
SB 3: applying 0.8-15 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to each planting hole of the seedling bed; or applying 7-20 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting ditch of the seedling bed; or applying 10-60 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to the flat ground every square meter of the seedling bed; or applying 1000-4000 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once per mu of the planting flat land of the seedling bed;
SC 3: in a planting hole, a planting ditch or a planting flat land where the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer are scattered, stirring soil around the planting hole, the planting ditch or the planting flat land, the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer uniformly by using a small-sized tillage tool;
SD 3: sowing vegetable seeds in the uniformly stirred planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat lands; uniformly stirring soil on the surface layers of planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat ground and vegetable seeds by using a small-sized tillage tool;
SE 3: watering on the seedling bed covered with soil for sowing, wherein the whole seedling bed needs to be watered thoroughly for the first watering; watering once every 1-2 days to keep the soil on the surface layer moist;
s4: field management in transplant period
SA 4: when the vegetable seedlings grow to be more than 4-6 leaves and 5-8 cm high, transplanting the vegetable seedlings into a field treated in a field preparation period; the field treated in the field preparation period is sequentially subjected to additional application treatment of lime powder and Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer;
SB 4: transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting holes of ridges of a field, planting 3-4 vegetable seedlings in each planting hole, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 4-6 cm, and planting each vegetable seedling in a finished product shape of Chinese character 'zi' or a square shape; covering soil on each vegetable seedling, and covering a layer of soil with the thickness of about 1-2 cm and without fertilizer or less fertilizer on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling; or
Transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting furrows of field ridges, planting 2-3 vegetable seedlings in each planting furrow, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 15-25 cm, and each vegetable seedling is planted in a straight line; covering soil on each vegetable seedling, and covering a layer of soil with the thickness of about 1-2 cm and without fertilizer or less fertilizer on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling;
SC 4: watering vegetable seedlings on the vegetable seedling land covered with seedlings, wherein the watering needs to be carried out for the first time and the whole ridge needs to be watered thoroughly; watering once every 1-2 days to keep the soil on the surface layer moist;
s5: harvesting period field management
SA 5: according to the density degree of the growth of the vegetables, collecting partial vegetables growing fast at the dense parts of the vegetables;
SB 5: after the vegetables with fast growth vigor are partially harvested for many times, and when the remaining vegetables grow, overall large harvesting is carried out;
s6: secondary back tillage
Carrying out secondary back plowing according to the steps S1 to S5, and planting vegetables suitable for growing in the season; the rainwater is abundant during the vegetable planting period, and the amount of lime powder applied in each back plowing is 10-30% of the last application amount; or during the vegetable planting period, the lime powder is stopped for each back plowing because of drought and rain.
6. The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that,
in the field preparation period, lime powder application and Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer application steps are sequentially carried out, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) lime powder application
Spreading lime powder 0.12-0.2 jin on each planting hole of the ridge; or
Spreading lime powder 0.2-0.3 jin in each planting ditch of the ridge;
(2) increased application of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer
Applying 0.8-15 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer to each planting hole of the ridge once; or
Applying 7-20 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting ditch of the ridge;
(3) in the planting hole or the planting ditch where the lime powder and the plant raw material organic fertilizer are scattered, soil around the planting hole or the planting ditch is uniformly stirred together with the lime powder and the plant raw material organic fertilizer by a small-sized tillage tool, and the vegetable seedling is ready to be transplanted.
7. The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease control ecological planting method according to claim 6, wherein in step S1, when vegetables are planted in the field for the first time, leaf vegetables which have many branches and leaves, are fermented and are easy to rot and suitable for being planted in the season are broadcast once; when the leaf vegetables grow to the stage before the flowers bloom, 1 to 10 percent of the well-grown leaf vegetables are harvested for vegetable food or sale; the remaining 90 to 99 percent of the leaf vegetables and the weeds are ploughed and buried under the ground to be fermented into fresh plant ecological organic green manure which is used as natural ecological manure for the second vegetable planting;
1-10% of weak vegetables and weeds are plowed and buried in the ground to ferment into fresh plant ecological organic green manure as natural ecological manure for the next vegetable planting after the first vegetable planting in the field.
8. The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease prevention ecological planting method according to claim 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining green manure
Sowing astragalus seeds into the field according to the standard of 7 jin/mu in the third quarter of the first year, and growing in the middle and last ten days of the third month of the second year; or
Remaining partial weak vegetables and weeds in the field after the vegetables are planted in the field each time;
s2: soil preparation
Digging the field planted with the green manure manually or by a plowing machine, ditching, ridging and leveling the land; the width of each ridge of the land is 1.1 m, and the length of each ridge is 13 m; the width of the trench is 28 cm, and the depth of the trench is 25 cm; selecting one of the ridges as a seedling bed;
planting the seedling bed on the leveled ridge top by forming holes, wherein the planting hole distance is 22 cm, the planting hole depth is 16 cm, and the planting hole width is 20 cm; or
Transversely ditching and planting on the leveled ridge top of the seedling raising bed, wherein the width of a planting furrow is 12 cm, the depth of the planting furrow is 16 cm, and the distance between the planting furrows is 30 cm; or
Planting on the flat land at the top of the ridge with the flat seedling bed, wherein the long side of the planted flat land is not more than the length of the ridge, and the short side of the planted flat land is not more than the width of the ridge;
s3: field management in seedling growing period
SA 3: spreading 0.16 jin of lime powder in each planting hole of the seedling bed; or spreading 0.25 jin of lime powder in each planting ditch of the seedling bed; or spreading a layer of lime powder 0.25 jin on each square meter of the seedling bed;
SB 3: applying 8 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting hole of the seedling bed; or applying 13 jin of the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once in each planting ditch of the seedling bed; or applying 35 jin of traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer once per square meter of planting land of the seedling bed; or 2500 jin of Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer is applied to the planting flat land of each mu of the seedling bed;
SC 3: in a planting hole, a planting ditch or a planting flat land where the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer are scattered, stirring soil around the planting hole, the planting ditch or the planting flat land, the lime powder and the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer uniformly by using a small-sized tillage tool;
SD 3: sowing vegetable seeds in the uniformly stirred planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat lands; uniformly stirring soil on the surface layers of planting holes, planting ditches or planting flat ground and vegetable seeds by using a small-sized tillage tool;
SE 3: watering on the seedling bed covered with soil for sowing, wherein the whole seedling bed needs to be watered thoroughly for the first watering; watering once every 1 day to keep the soil on the surface layer moist;
s4: field management in transplant period
SA 4: when the vegetable seedlings grow to be more than 5 leaves and reach the height of 7 cm, the vegetable seedlings need to be transplanted into a field treated in the field preparation period; the field treated in the field preparation period is sequentially subjected to additional application treatment of lime powder and Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer;
SB 4: transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting holes of ridges of a field, planting 4 vegetable seedlings in each planting hole, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 5 cm, and each vegetable seedling is planted in a square shape; covering soil on each vegetable seedling, and covering a layer of soil with a thickness of about 1.5 cm below the vegetable seedling without fertilizer or with less fertilizer on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling; or
Transplanting the vegetable seedlings into planting furrows of field ridges, planting 3 vegetable seedlings in each planting furrow, wherein the distance between every two vegetable seedlings is 20 cm, and each vegetable seedling is planted in a straight line; covering soil on each vegetable seedling, and covering a layer of soil with a thickness of about 1.5 cm below the vegetable seedling without fertilizer or with less fertilizer on the peripheral surface of the vegetable seedling;
SC 4: watering vegetable seedlings on the vegetable seedling land covered with seedlings, wherein the watering needs to be carried out for the first time and the whole ridge needs to be watered thoroughly; watering once every 2 days to keep the soil on the surface layer moist;
s5: harvesting period field management
SA 5: according to the density degree of the growth of the vegetables, collecting partial vegetables growing fast at the dense parts of the vegetables;
SB 5: after the vegetables with fast growth vigor are partially harvested for many times, and when the remaining vegetables grow, overall large harvesting is carried out;
s6: secondary back tillage
Carrying out secondary back plowing according to the steps S1 to S5, and planting vegetables suitable for growing in the season; the rainwater is abundant during the vegetable planting period, and the amount of lime powder applied in each back plowing is 20% of the last application amount; or during the vegetable planting period, the lime powder is stopped for each back plowing because of drought and rain.
9. The organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural pest and disease control ecological planting method according to claim 8, wherein in step S1, when vegetables are planted in the field for the first time, leaf vegetables which have many branches and leaves, are fermented and are easy to rot and suitable for being planted in the season are broadcast once; when the leaf vegetables grow to the stage before flowering, 5% of the grown leaf vegetables are harvested for vegetable food or sale; the remaining 95 percent of leaf vegetables and weeds are ploughed and buried under the ground to be fermented into fresh plant ecological organic green manure which is used as natural ecological manure for the second vegetable planting;
5% of weak vegetables and weeds are plowed and buried in the ground to ferment into fresh plant ecological organic green manure as natural ecological manure for the next vegetable planting in each vegetable planting after the first vegetable planting in the field.
CN202010219514.1A 2020-03-25 2020-03-25 Organic vegetable and grass symbiotic natural disease and insect pest prevention ecological planting method Pending CN111386996A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112154795A (en) * 2020-10-29 2021-01-01 石伟琦 Fertilizer-water-free perennial woody eggplant tree cultivation method

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CN106431557A (en) * 2016-08-28 2017-02-22 铜仁市万山区清泉种养殖农民专业合作社 Organic vegetable plantation method
CN106718440A (en) * 2016-11-27 2017-05-31 唐振海 A kind of organic paddy rice nature preventing disease and pest ecology planting method

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CN103460952A (en) * 2013-09-23 2013-12-25 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 Method of performing mixed sowing of astragalus sinicus and oilseed rape and returning green manures to field
CN106431557A (en) * 2016-08-28 2017-02-22 铜仁市万山区清泉种养殖农民专业合作社 Organic vegetable plantation method
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