CN114025604A - Interplanting method for arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials - Google Patents
Interplanting method for arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An interplanting method of arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials is characterized in that arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials are interplanted in the same land, and the arbor traditional Chinese medicinal materials are planted at a row spacing of 200 plus one year of 600cm and a plant spacing of 200 plus one year of 600 cm; the shrub traditional Chinese medicine is planted between the rows and the plants of the arbor traditional Chinese medicine according to the row spacing of 30-80cm and the plant spacing of about 30-80cm, and the distance between the plants of the shrub traditional Chinese medicine and the plants of the arbor traditional Chinese medicine is not less than 50-100 cm; and the herbaceous traditional Chinese medicinal materials are planted among the lines and the plants of the shrub traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to the line spacing of 5-30cm and the plant spacing of 5-30cm, the distance between the plants of the herbaceous traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the plants of the shrub traditional Chinese medicinal materials is not less than 20-30cm, the interplanting of the three traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be realized by reasonably utilizing the difference of the arbor, shrub and herbaceous traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the aspects of growth space hierarchy, required nutrients, illumination requirements and the like, and plant materials or traditional Chinese medicinal material residues can be converted into organic fertilizers for planting the medicinal materials.
Description
The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicinal material planting, in particular to an interplanting method of arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
The traditional Chinese medicinal material planting method generally adopts the mode of planting one or two Chinese medicinal materials in the same cultivated land. The land and water manure utilization of this approach is limited. It is also necessary to develop a new planting method for Chinese medicinal materials, particularly an interplanting method for three or more Chinese medicinal materials, which realizes the joint growth by utilizing the differences among the three Chinese medicinal materials in the aspects of growth space hierarchy, required nutrients, illumination requirements and the like, thereby improving the utilization rate of land, space and water and fertilizer and increasing the economic benefit.
The production process of plant extracts and Chinese medicines produces a large amount of plant materials or Chinese medicine residues. According to statistics, Chinese traditional medicine enterprises consume millions of tons of plant medicines every year, and the generated medicine residues reach thousands of tons (water content). The medicine dregs also become one of the most serious pollution sources in traditional Chinese medicine enterprises, and if the medicine dregs are not processed in time, the medicine dregs can be decomposed and deteriorated, thus threatening the environment. The traditional treatment mode of the medicine dregs is generally to be used as waste to be centrally piled up or buried, so that not only can a large amount of land be occupied and a large amount of harmful gas be generated, but also underground water can be polluted. If the traditional Chinese medicine residues are dried in the sun and then burned, a large amount of pollutants such as smoke dust, carbon dioxide and the like are generated, and air pollution is caused. The traditional Chinese medicine dregs usually also contain various organic nutrients and a certain amount of active ingredients, and mainly comprise amino acid, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, various inorganic elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, manganese, aluminum, zinc, chromium, magnesium, iron and the like, and a small amount of vitamins, so the traditional Chinese medicine dregs have high recycling value. Therefore, there is a need to develop cost-effective, environmentally friendly methods for effectively recycling plant material or chinese medicinal material residues.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventor finds that the interplanting of arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be realized by reasonably utilizing the difference of the arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the aspects of growth space hierarchy, required nutrients, illumination requirements and the like, and plant materials or traditional Chinese medicinal material residues can be converted into organic fertilizers for planting the medicinal materials, so that the technical problems are solved, and the invention is completed.
Therefore, the invention provides an interplanting method of arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which is characterized in that arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials are interplanted in the same land, wherein the three traditional Chinese medicinal materials are planted according to the following modes:
the traditional Chinese medicinal materials of the trees are planted according to the row spacing of about 200-600cm and the plant spacing of about 200-600 cm;
the shrub traditional Chinese medicine is planted between the rows and the plants of the arbor traditional Chinese medicine according to the row spacing of about 30-80cm and the plant spacing of about 30-80cm, and the distance between the plants of the shrub traditional Chinese medicine and the plants of the arbor traditional Chinese medicine is not less than about 50-100 cm; and
the herbaceous traditional Chinese medicine is planted between the lines and the plants of the shrub traditional Chinese medicine according to the line spacing of about 5-30cm and the plant spacing of about 5-30cm, and the distance between the herbaceous traditional Chinese medicine plants and the shrub traditional Chinese medicine plants is not less than about 20-30 cm.
In some embodiments, the shrub-based traditional Chinese medicine and the herbaceous traditional Chinese medicine are yin-loving plants.
In some embodiments, the arbor-type herbal is selected from the group consisting of litsea cubeba, magnolia officinalis, eucommia ulmoides, and ginkgo biloba.
In some embodiments, the shrub-type herb is selected from rosemary and ephedra.
In some embodiments, the herbal is selected from centella asiatica, desmodium and houttuynia cordata.
In other embodiments, the arbor herb is litsea cubeba, the shrub herb is rosemary, and the herb is centella asiatica.
In other embodiments, the arbor herb is magnolia bark, the shrub herb is rosemary, and the herb is centella asiatica.
In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention comprise the step of applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer may be obtained from the fermentation of a plant extract or plant material or residue of a chinese medicinal material produced during the production of the chinese medicinal material.
In some embodiments, the base fertilizer is prepared in situ in the plot.
In some embodiments, the base fertilizer may be prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
a) after soil preparation, preparing a fertilizer storage ditch in the land;
b) laying the residues in the fertilizer storage ditch, and adding a leavening agent; and
c) and covering the residue with soil to naturally decompose the residue.
In some embodiments, the manure storage trench has a depth of about 20-35cm and a width of about 60-100 cm; preferably having a depth of about 30cm and a width of about 80 cm.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the laid residue is about 50-80%, preferably about 60-70% of the depth of the manure storage trench.
In some embodiments, the amount of residue laid is about 1200-1800 kg/acre, preferably about 1400-1600 kg/acre.
In some embodiments, the starter culture is a microbial preparation for fertilizer fermentation.
In other embodiments, the starter culture is a farmyard manure. In some further embodiments, the farmyard manure is sprinkled on the residue in an amount of about 10-20kg per meter of storage and composting trench, preferably about 15kg per meter of storage and composting trench.
In some embodiments, in step c) above, the residue is covered with soil for about 1 month, allowing it to mature naturally.
In some embodiments, the residue is selected from: rosemary residue, ginseng residue, poria cocos residue, schisandra chinensis residue and mixtures of two or more thereof.
In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention comprise the step of disinfecting the clods prior to planting the chinese medicinal material. For example, the step may be performed by spraying a suitable potassium permanganate solution.
The interplanting method of the arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials reasonably utilizes the differences of the three traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the growth space hierarchy, required nutrients and illumination requirements, and successfully realizes the joint growth of the three traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
In general, the interplanting method of the present invention may involve the following operations: (1) selecting planting land; (2) soil preparation and fertilization; (3) planting; (4) managing; (5) and (5) preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
(1) Selection of planting land
The three Chinese medicinal plants related by the method are favorable to warm and humid environment, have no strict requirement on soil conditions, and can grow in acid yellow soil, red soil and brown soil. Preferably, the sunny slope, thick soil layer, good drainage, loose structure, subacid yellow soil, red soil or mountain brown soil and the like are selected as the planting base.
The annual average temperature of the environment of the land is about 10-18 ℃, and the lowest temperature is not lower than-10 ℃; the annual precipitation is about 900-1800 mm. The slope of the land is below 10 degrees, and the illumination is sufficient. Preferably, the soil is a meta-acid sandy soil with good water drainage.
(2) Soil preparation and fertilization
After the land to be planted is selected, soil preparation and fertilization may follow.
First soil preparation
Can be used for land reclamation and deep ploughing, and the depth is about 35-40 cm. For hilly fields with larger gradient, contour lines can be adopted to cross the slope and complete the land, and the deep ploughing is about 25-30 cm.
Application of base fertilizer
Base fertilizers can be applied to the prepared land. The base fertilizer can be obtained from fermentation of plant extract or plant material or residue of Chinese medicinal material produced in the production process of Chinese medicine.
In some embodiments, the base fertilizer may be spread on the surface of a selected land prior to first soil preparation, and then thoroughly mixed with the soil by deep ploughing, thereby completing fertilization.
In other embodiments, the base fertilizer may be laid in a storage trench and then covered with soil. After soil preparation, fertilizer storage ditches can be prepared on the deeply ploughed soil. In some embodiments the storage trench may have a depth of about 20-35cm and a width of about 60-100cm, preferably may have a depth of about 30cm and a width of about 80 cm.
In some further embodiments, the base fertilizer may be pre-prepared. Before application, the base fertilizer can be transported to the selected planting land from other places and then spread on the surface of the selected land before first soil preparation, or laid in the fertilizer storage ditch after soil preparation.
In yet further embodiments, the base fertilizer is prepared in situ in the selected land. For example, by laying the residue in the manure storage trench and adding a starter; and then covering the residue with soil to naturally decompose the residue, thereby preparing the base fertilizer. The laid residue may be of any suitable thickness, for example it may be about 50-80%, preferably about 60-70% of the depth of the manure pit. The residue can be applied in any suitable amount. For example, the amount of residue laid may be about 1200-1800 kg/acre, preferably about 1400-1600 kg/acre.
In some embodiments, other plant materials that can be used for fertilizer production may also be mixed into the residue in suitable amounts, such as, but not limited to: corn flour, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, crushed straw and wood chips.
In some embodiments, the starter culture may be a microbial preparation for fertilizer fermentation.
The microbial preparation for fertilizer fermentation is a compound flora containing various beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria, filamentous bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and the like, and has extremely strong aerobic fermentation decomposition capability. For example, the microbial preparation may comprise one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of: bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and photosynthetic bacteria. The fertilizer fermenting microbial preparation may be commercially available or formulated prior to use.
In such embodiments, an appropriate amount of water may be applied to the residue in the holding tank to achieve the desired moisture content for fermentation.
In other embodiments, the starter culture is a farmyard manure.
The farmyard manure is an aqueous mixture of well-fermented plant residues and/or manure of humans or animals (including but not limited to livestock such as pigs and cattle and poultry such as chickens and ducks), which may have a solids content of, for example, about 20%.
The farmyard manure may be spread on the surface of the residue in any suitable amount. For example, the farmyard manure may be sprinkled on the residue in an amount of about 10 to 20kg per meter of stored manure, preferably 15kg per meter of storage trench.
After the starter is applied, the residue is covered with surface soil for any suitable period of time, for example 1 month, to allow it to naturally mature and convert to organic fertilizer.
In some embodiments, the residue is selected from: industrial extracted rosemary residue, ginseng residue, poria residue, schisandra residue and the like, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
The plant extract or residue produced in the production process of Chinese medicine also contains various organic nutrients and a certain amount of active components, mainly including amino acids, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, various inorganic elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, manganese, aluminum, zinc, chromium, magnesium, iron and the like, and a small amount of vitamins. Moreover, such residues are generally free of pathogenic bacteria and contain heavy metals far below the allowable limit for their content as fertilizers or substrates, and are therefore safe and nuisanceless organic fertilizer raw materials. According to the invention, the residue is successfully converted into an organic fertilizer for the method, thereby realizing the reutilization of the residue. The prepared organic fertilizer has the characteristics of complete nutrients, long fertilizer effect, safety and no pollution, can increase the content of organic matters in soil, improve the water storage and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties and granular structure of the soil, balance nutrients required by plants and promote the growth of the plants.
Second soil preparation
The soil preparation operation may further include a second soil preparation. The second preparation is typically around eleven to december. And deeply ploughing the land applied with the base fertilizer, so as to fully and uniformly mix the decomposed organic fertilizer and the soil. The land may then be leveled and left for use.
Soil preparation for the third time
The soil preparation operation may further include a third soil preparation. The third soil preparation can be carried out about 1 week before transplanting the plants, and mainly comprises bed making. The bed can be set appropriately according to the Chinese medicinal material to be planted. The width of the furrow bed is determined according to a suitable planting interval of the shrub type medicinal material, and for example, may be about 1.8-2.5m (e.g., about 2 m). Arbors such as litsea cubeba are planted in the middle of the furrow. For example, the bed may have a height of 20-25cm, a width of 1.8-2.2m (e.g., about 1.9m), and a length of 20-30m (e.g., about 25 m). The ridge beds can be arranged transversely, and the two sides are lower while the middle is higher, so that drainage is facilitated. The ridges may be set at a suitable distance, for example about 30cm, for example for passage of irrigation or the like.
Spread row
The soil preparation operation may further include installing irrigation facilities. For example, a spray pattern may be employed, with one spray head installed at appropriate intervals (e.g., 3m) (e.g., the coverage radius may be about 1.5 meters).
(3) Planting
The interplanting method of the present invention may be appropriately changed according to the kind of the planted Chinese medicinal material. The planting time and planting distance of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials of the arbor can be determined according to the types of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials. For example, the planting time of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials of deciduous trees is generally after deciduous leaves in autumn and winter, and the planting time of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials of evergreen trees is generally in spring. For the arbors of the male and female heterozygotes, the female plants and the male plants can be distributed in proper density.
The planting of shrub traditional Chinese medicine needs to consider the requirements on illumination and space. Their plant spacing can be adjusted appropriately to ensure that it meets its normal growth requirements. The shrubs and herbs can be plants like yin properly, and the plant spacing can be determined according to the characteristics of the bush or the vine.
Generally, the traditional Chinese medicinal materials of trees can be planted according to the row spacing of about 200-600cm and the plant spacing of about 200-600 cm. The shrub Chinese medicinal material can be planted at a row spacing of about 30cm × 80cm and a plant spacing of about 30cm × 80cm between rows and plants of the arbor Chinese medicinal material, and the distance between the plants of the shrub Chinese medicinal material and the plants of the arbor Chinese medicinal material is not less than about 50-100cm, such as about 60cm or 80 cm. The herbaceous Chinese medicinal materials can be planted in the row space of about 5cm × 30cm and the plant space of about 5cm × 30cm between the rows and the plants of the shrub Chinese medicinal materials, and the distance between the herbaceous Chinese medicinal materials and the shrub Chinese medicinal materials is not less than about 20-30 cm.
The arbor Chinese medicinal materials can be selected from fructus Litseae, cortex Magnolia officinalis, Eucommiae cortex and semen Ginkgo.
The term "Litsea cubeba" as used herein means Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers) of the Lauraceae family. The term "Magnolia bark" as used herein means Magnolia bark (Magnolia officinalis Rehd. Et Wils.) or Magnolia obovata (Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. var. bioba Rehd. et Wils.) belonging to the family Magnoliaceae. The term "Eucommia ulmoides" as used herein means Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) belonging to the family Eucommiaceae. The term "Ginkgo" as used herein means the plant Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba L.) of the family Ginkgo.
The shrub Chinese medicinal materials can be selected from herba Rosmarini officinalis and herba Ephedrae.
The term "rosemary" as used herein means rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) of the Labiatae family. The term "Ephedra" as used herein means Ephedra (Ephedra sinica Stapf), Ephedra (Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et c.a. mey.) or equisetum sativum (Ephedra equisetum Bge.) belonging to the family Ephedra.
The herbal materials can be selected from herba Centellae, herba Lysimachiae Christinae and herba Houttuyniae.
The term "Centella asiatica" as used herein is intended to mean Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) which is a plant of the family Umbelliferae. The term "Lysimachia christinae" as used herein means primula family plant Lysimachia christinae Hance. The term "Houttuynia cordata" as used herein means Houttuynia cordata (Houttuynia cordata Thunb.) of the Saururaceae family.
In some embodiments, the arbor type Chinese medicinal material interplanted according to the method of the present invention may be litsea cubeba, the shrub type Chinese medicinal material may be rosemary, and the herb type Chinese medicinal material may be centella asiatica. In other embodiments, the arbor type Chinese medicinal material interplanted according to the method of the present invention may be magnolia bark, the shrub type Chinese medicinal material may be rosemary, and the herb type Chinese medicinal material may be centella asiatica.
Chinese patent application 201710630871.5 discloses a method for manually planting centella asiatica, which requires the construction of a shade net. However, the method reasonably utilizes the growth space hierarchy of the arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and the arbor and shrub traditional Chinese medicinal materials provide proper shielding for the herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials, so that the requirement of building a shady facility when planting the shady herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as centella is avoided, and the planting cost is reduced.
(4) Managing
Early management
After transplanting, planting and sowing, the root fixing water needs to be thoroughly poured. Then, within 1 month, irrigation can be carried out again according to the weather condition and the soil humidity. If the weather is fine continuously, water is poured through every 4 to 5 days. Removing weak or non-survived plants in time, and performing replanting.
Middle term management
The 3-5 years after the planting of the arbor traditional Chinese medicinal materials is a young forest period, cultivation, weeding and topdressing (for example, 3-4 times respectively) can be carried out every year, and the cultivation, the trimming and the harvesting of shrub and/or herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be carried out at the same time. After year 3, at least 1 cultivation and additional manuring are carried out each year. The top dressing can be mainly applied to an organic fertilizer prepared by fermenting plant extracts or plant materials or residues of Chinese medicinal materials generated in the production process of Chinese medicaments.
After the forest is grown, intertillage and soil loosening can be carried out in autumn in combination with harvesting every year, and topdressing is carried out for 1 time. Can shape traditional Chinese medicinal materials of trees to build short forests. For example, the transplant may be amputated; or in late autumn or winter of 1 or 2 years after planting, cutting the top of the trunk at the height of 1.5-1.8 m to promote the growth of lateral branches, forming a dwarfing forest, and facilitating fruit picking.
During the growth period of shrub traditional Chinese medicines, lateral branches are developed and disorderly generally, and regular pruning and pruning are needed, otherwise bad ventilation can be caused, the yield is influenced, and diseases and insect pests are suffered.
The shrub traditional Chinese medicine and the herbaceous traditional Chinese medicine can be harvested all the year round. Collected in sunny days. After harvesting, the vegetables should be immediately de-enzymed or dried in the sun. Preferably, the planted traditional Chinese medicinal materials are of the type which can be harvested for many years after being planted once. The harvesting frequency can be determined according to the growth condition of plants, and is generally 3-4 times per year.
(5) Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests
The plants interplanted by the method are compactly arranged, so that the pruning operation needs to be paid attention to avoid the conditions of poor ventilation, dampness and the like as much as possible and prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. It is important to prevent diseases and pests. For example, the plants can be attended to hygienic conditions, proper water management, reasonable temperature and light, and often observed, in time to remove the sick plants. When diseases and pests occur, a biological control method can be used to avoid pollution caused by chemical pesticides.
The interplanting method of arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials can efficiently and comprehensively utilize land resources and water and fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of land, space and water and fertilizer, and greatly reduce the planting, management and maintenance cost. In addition, according to the invention, the requirement of setting shading facilities for the Chinese herbal medicine materials of the delightful yin type is eliminated, and the planting cost is further reduced. Furthermore, according to the invention, the plant extract or the residues generated in the production process of the traditional Chinese medicine are recycled, so that the plant extract or the residues are converted into the organic fertilizer with complete nutrients, long fertilizer efficiency, safety and no pollution, the use of chemical fertilizers can be reduced, and the sustainable development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry is facilitated.
Examples
The present invention is described in more detail below by way of examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way, but rather the scope of the invention is defined only by the claims.
Example 1 interplanting of Litsea cubeba, Rosemary and centella asiatica
(1) Selection of planting land
Selecting yellow red soil or mountain brown soil with sunny slope, thick soil layer, good drainage and loose structure. The average annual temperature of the environment of the land is 10-18 ℃, the lowest temperature is not lower than-10 ℃, and the annual precipitation is about 900-1800 mm. The soil conditions are subacid yellow soil, mountain red or yellow soil and the like, and preferably subacid sandy soil. The facility of transportation is preferred, close to the water source, the open land with flat terrain. The slope of the land is below 10 degrees, and the illumination is sufficient.
(2) Soil preparation and fertilization
First soil preparation
Using tractor to complete the land preparation, deep ploughing about 35-40 cm. For the mountain land with larger gradient, adopting contour line transverse slope to prepare land, and deeply ploughing about 25-30 cm.
Application of base fertilizer
And deeply ploughing the land by more than 30cm 35-40 days before transplanting and planting. Preparing a fertilizer storage ditch on the deeply ploughed ground, wherein the depth is about 30cm, and the width is about 80 cm; the industrial extracted rosemary residue is piled in a fertilizer storage ditch, the thickness of the rosemary residue is 60-70% of the depth of the fertilizer storage ditch, and the dosage per mu is about 1300 kg. Spraying a proper amount of farmyard manure on the surface of rosemary residue in an amount of about 15kg per meter of manure storage ditch, and then covering the surface with surface soil for 1 month to naturally decompose the rosemary residue.
(3) Seedling raising
Preparing a rooting solution: mixing the rooting agent and water in the ratio of 1 to 1000 for raising rosemary seedling.
Preparation of seedbed: selecting field land with good drainage, turning and leveling before seedling raising, and spraying potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of about 1g/kg for disinfection by the amount of about 70-80 kg/mu.
And (3) seedling raising of rosemary: the seedling raising time is eleven to december. Selecting fresh and healthy stem which is not completely lignified as cutting shoot, cutting off from the position which is about 15-18 cm away from the top end, removing leaves about 1/3 at the lower part of the branch, and soaking in rooting solution for 1 hour. Cutting at 5cm to 5cm intervals, covering with film, and keeping temperature and moisture. Rooting occurs in about 3-4 weeks, and the plants can be planted in the open field after 7 weeks.
(4) Planting
Transplantation of litsea cubeba: the seedlings in the nursery can grow for about 16-24 months, and can be transplanted after the height of the seedlings is about 50-70 cm. And selecting early spring or late autumn to be transplanted after defoliation. Watering thoroughly before digging the seedlings, taking soil for root systems when lifting the seedlings, and trimming and cutting off residual roots after lifting the seedlings. Can be planted according to the row spacing of about 2m and the plant spacing of about 6 m.
Making acupoints: each plant hole is about 40cm in diameter and about 30cm in depth.
3 plants are planted in each hole of the female plant, and are arranged into a shape like a Chinese character 'pin'; 4 plants are planted in each hole of the male plant hole and are arranged into a shape like a Chinese character' pin
A font. Planting seedlings not too deep, covering soil no more than about 5-8cm from the root neck, treading, and watering enough root fixing water. The acupoint density is 60The distance between the holes is 2m multiplied by 6 m.
After the flowering period, male and female plants are selected appropriately. In order to ensure the proper proportion of female plants and male plants in unit area to achieve the optimal pollination effect, one male plant is planted among every three female plants in horizontal rows and vertical rows.
Transplantation of rosemary: after the litsea cubeba is planted, the rosemary is transplanted in proper weather. Transplanting of rosemary is preferably performed in cloudy days, rainy days or in the early and late sunny days. The row spacing of rosemary is about 30-80cm, the plant spacing is about 30-80cm, and the distance to the litsea cubeba plant is about 80 cm. After transplanting, watering enough root fixing water.
And watering once 5 days (according to the dry and wet condition of soil) after the transplantation of the litsea cubeba and the rosemary. After the seedling survives, watering can be reduced.
Seeding of centella asiatica seeds
The centella asiatica can be planted simultaneously with the rosemary, and mainly sowed. The asiatic pennywort herb seeds are scattered on the vacant ground, and the rosemary is irrigated, so that the asiatic pennywort herb can germinate in about 1-2 weeks. Thinning the seedlings at the interval of about 5-30cm multiplied by 5-30cm when the seedlings grow to about 3-5 cm.
Or planting herba Centellae by cuttage with transplanting distance of 5-30cm × 5-30 cm.
The litsea cubeba enters the full-bearing period in the 3 rd year, and the annual yield of fresh fruits per mu is about 1800kg-2200 kg. The annual output per mu of the fresh rosemary materials is about 1200kg-1500kg, and the annual output per mu of the fresh leaves of the centella is about 600kg-800 kg.
Example 2 interplanting of Magnolia officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis and centella asiatica
The planted land was selected similarly to example 1, soil preparation and fertilization and raising of rosemary were performed.
Transplantation of Magnolia officinalis：
And (4) selecting nursery stocks which are sown and propagated for 1-2 years or cutting seedlings which are subjected to cutting propagation for transplanting. Transplanting after the seedlings are about 70-90cm high. Preferably in autumn and winter.
Making holes: the length and width of the plant hole are about 30cm and the depth is about 30cm respectively.
The mangnolia officinalis can be transplanted at a row spacing of about 4-6m and a plant spacing of about 4-6m, and the planting density is 30 plants/mu. The magnolia officinalis seedlings are not too deep, the soil covering is not more than about 5-8cm of root neck, the magnolia officinalis seedlings are compacted, and sufficient root fixing water is poured.
Transplantation of rosemary: after the mangnolia officinalis is planted, the rosemary is transplanted in a proper weather. Transplanting of rosemary is preferably performed in cloudy days, rainy days or in the early and late sunny days. The row spacing of rosemary is about 30-60cm, the plant spacing is about 30-60cm, and the distance to the magnolia officinalis plant is about 60 cm.
Watering the mangnolia officinalis and the rosemary 5 days after transplanting (according to the dry and wet conditions of soil); after the seedling survives, watering can be reduced.
Seeding of centella asiatica seeds
The sowing of centella asiatica seeds was carried out similarly to example 1, or centella asiatica plants were planted by cutting. The spacing between centella plants is about 5-30cm x about 5-30 cm.
All publications and patent applications cited in this application are indicative of the level of skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. All of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
From the above description, one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. All such modifications and adaptations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.
Claims (19)
- An interplanting method of arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials is characterized in that arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials are interplanted in the same plot, wherein the three traditional Chinese medicinal materials are planted according to the following modes:the traditional Chinese medicinal materials of the trees are planted according to the row spacing of about 200-600cm and the plant spacing of about 200-600 cm;the shrub traditional Chinese medicine is planted between the rows and the plants of the arbor traditional Chinese medicine according to the row spacing of about 30-80cm and the plant spacing of about 30-80cm, and the distance between the plants of the shrub traditional Chinese medicine and the plants of the arbor traditional Chinese medicine is not less than about 50-100 cm; andthe herbaceous traditional Chinese medicine is planted between the lines and the plants of the shrub traditional Chinese medicine according to the line spacing of about 5-30cm and the plant spacing of about 5-30cm, and the distance between the herbaceous traditional Chinese medicine plants and the shrub traditional Chinese medicine plants is not less than about 20-30 cm.
- The method of claim 1, wherein said shrub-based herbal material and said herbaceous-based material are civic plants.
- The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the arbors herbs are selected from litsea cubeba, magnolia officinalis, eucommia ulmoides and ginkgo biloba.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the shrub-type herbs are selected from rosemary and ephedra.
- A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said herbaceous traditional Chinese medicine is selected from centella asiatica, Lysimachia christinae Hance and houttuynia cordata.
- The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said arbour traditional Chinese medicine is litsea cubeba, said shrub traditional Chinese medicine is rosemary and said herb traditional Chinese medicine is centella asiatica.
- The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the arbor-type traditional Chinese medicine is Magnolia officinalis, the shrub-type traditional Chinese medicine is Rosemary and the herb-type traditional Chinese medicine is centella asiatica.
- The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the method comprises the step of applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is obtainable from the fermentation of a plant extract or plant material or residue of a chinese medicinal material produced during the production of a chinese medicinal material.
- A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the base fertilizer is prepared in situ in the plot.
- A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the base fertilizer is prepared by means of a process comprising the steps of:a) after soil preparation, preparing a fertilizer storage ditch in the land;b) laying the residues in the fertilizer storage ditch, and adding a leavening agent; andc) and covering the residue with soil to naturally decompose the residue.
- The method of claim 10, wherein said manure storage trench has a depth of about 20-35cm and a width of about 60-100 cm; preferably having a depth of about 30cm and a width of about 80 cm.
- A method according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the thickness of the laid residue is about 50-80%, preferably about 60-70% of the depth of the manure pit.
- Method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the amount of residue laid is about 1200-1800 kg/acre, preferably about 1400-1600 kg/acre.
- Process according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the starter culture is a microbial preparation for fertilizer fermentation.
- Process according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the starter culture is a farmyard manure.
- A method according to claim 15, characterized in that said farmyard manure is sprinkled on said residues in an amount of about 10-20kg per meter of storage trench, preferably about 15kg per meter of storage trench.
- Method according to any one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that in step c) the residue is covered with soil for about 1 month, allowing it to become naturally decomposed.
- Process according to any one of claims 10 to 17, characterized in that said residues are selected from: rosemary residue, ginseng residue, poria cocos residue, schisandra chinensis residue and mixtures of two or more thereof.
- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises a step of sterilizing said plots before planting said Chinese medicinal material.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910288884 | 2019-04-11 | ||
| CN2019102888848 | 2019-04-11 | ||
| PCT/CN2020/082660 WO2020207305A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2020-04-01 | Method for interplanting arbor-type traditional chinese medicine materials, shrub-type traditional chinese medicine materials and herb-type traditional chinese medicine materials |
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| CN114025604A true CN114025604A (en) | 2022-02-08 |
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| CN202080027958.3A Pending CN114025604A (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2020-04-01 | Interplanting method for arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials |
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| WO (1) | WO2020207305A1 (en) |
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| CN116138093A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-05-23 | 甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Plant disease and pest control method |
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| CN112806211A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-18 | 江西省林业科学院 | Planting method for interplanting lucid ganoderma and sarcandra glabra under China fir forest |
| CN113229046B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-03-31 | 哈尔滨市康隆药业有限责任公司 | Method for promoting cultivation survival of cornua cervi pantotrichum in field |
| CN114402895A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-04-29 | 桂林市林业和园林综合服务中心 | Forest ecological restoration method by planting litsea cubeba |
| CN115885780A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-04-04 | 海南南繁产业发展有限公司 | Method for planting centella under rubber forest |
| CN115843639A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-03-28 | 北京联合大学 | Method for improving fructification rate of rhizoma atractylodis and application thereof |
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