CN114271165A - Method for planting konjak in high mountain forest - Google Patents
Method for planting konjak in high mountain forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN114271165A CN114271165A CN202111645419.9A CN202111645419A CN114271165A CN 114271165 A CN114271165 A CN 114271165A CN 202111645419 A CN202111645419 A CN 202111645419A CN 114271165 A CN114271165 A CN 114271165A
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- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000010485 konjac Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 244000205754 Colocasia esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 235000006481 Colocasia esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000526657 Microchloa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000005630 Diquat Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N diquat Chemical compound C1=CC=[N+]2CC[N+]3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001206 Amorphophallus rivieri Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000252 konjac Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 preserving heat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000004270 Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PPKPKFIWDXDAGC-IHWYPQMZSA-N (z)-1,2-dichloroprop-1-ene Chemical compound C\C(Cl)=C\Cl PPKPKFIWDXDAGC-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001312219 Amorphophallus konjac Species 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 12
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000247812 Amorphophallus rivieri Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting konjak under a mountain forest, which comprises the following steps of S1, selecting land, selecting a plot under the mountain forest, wherein the pH value is 6.0-6.5; s2, preparing soil, applying fertilizer, applying base fertilizer and quicklime for later use; s3, ridging, and ditching and ridging under the forest; s4, selecting seeds, and selecting the seeds without scab, damage, rot and flowering as the seed taro; s5, sterilizing the seed taro, performing ultraviolet dehydration sterilization on the seed taro in the sun, soaking the seed taro in a sterilizing liquid medicine, and drying the seed taro in the sun; s6, sowing, namely, forming a small ditch in the middle of each ridge, planting taros in the small ditches at intervals of 15-20 cm, covering the small ditches with soil, spreading humus soil mixed fertilizer and base fertilizer, and covering the humus soil mixed fertilizer with the soil; and S7, covering the pine needles, uniformly spraying herbal medicines when the small grass appears on the land, and covering the pine needles to finish the konjak planting. By adopting the planting method, the occurrence of diseases in the konjak planting process is reduced, and the konjak planting yield and the konjak quality are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for planting konjak in high mountain forests.
Background
Konjak is a perennial herb plant growing in mountains with an elevation of 250-2500 m. Konjak has special requirements on growth environment and is mainly distributed in southeast Asia, Africa and the like. From the aspects of yield and scale, the konjak is mainly and intensively planted and processed in China, Japan, Burma, Vietnam, Indonesia and other countries for over 2000 years, but the konjak is only eaten sporadically in the southwest region in the past, and for over 20 years, along with the development of economy, the living standard of people is improved, the diet is changed from the previous full-eating nutritional type to the current food health-care type, and the konjak food industry has great development.
Because the konjak is suitable for growing under the environment conditions of mild weather, abundant rainfall and moderate illumination, the konjak is planted in low mountains, proper shading is needed, interplanting is generally adopted, but the nutrient is contended for by interplanting high-stem plants which are easy to be interplanted, and the yield is not high. The conditions for planting the konjak at the high altitude are harsh, so the existing konjak planting method has low overall yield and poor quality, and is not suitable for large-scale cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages, the present invention provides a method for planting konjak in high mountain forests, which solves the problems of low yield and poor quality in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for planting konjak in high mountain forest is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, selecting land, selecting, draining and irrigating conveniently, ventilating well, controlling the pH value of the land in the forest in the alpine region with abundant rainwater to be 6.0-6.5;
s2, land preparation and fertilizer application, deep ploughing in winter, deep ploughing and fine leveling after spring, base fertilizer and quicklime are applied to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling is carried out for later use;
s3, ridging, namely ditching and ridging under the forest, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.0-1.4 m, and the height of each ridge is 26-30 cm;
s4, selecting seeds, and selecting the seeds without scab, damage, rot and flowering as the seed taro;
s5, sterilizing the seed taro, placing the seed taro in the sun for ultraviolet dehydration and sterilization, soaking the seed taro for 20-50 minutes through a sterilizing liquid medicine, and drying the seed taro for later use;
s6, sowing, namely, forming a small ditch in the middle of each ridge in the step S3, planting taros in the small ditches at intervals of 15-20 cm, covering the small ditches with soil, spreading humus soil mixed fertilizer and base fertilizer on the small ditches, and covering the soil in the ditches at two sides of each ridge on the humus soil mixed fertilizer, wherein the depth of the ditches is 30-40 cm;
s7, covering the pine needles, uniformly spraying herbal medicines when small grass appears on the land after sowing, and covering the pine needles, so that the breeding of weeds can be effectively controlled, and further the konjak planting is completed.
Preferably, the mountain area land plot with the altitude of 1300-2500 m selected in the step S1 has a slope, good drainage and slightly acidic soil. Konjak is more suitable for growth under the above environment, is less susceptible to diseases, and has an increased yield.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step S2 comprises farmyard manure, compound fertilizer and biological potassium fertilizer, the application weight per mu is 4800-5200 kg, 48-52 kg and 0.8-1.2 kg, respectively, quicklime is scattered 45-50 kg per mu, and the soil and the base fertilizer are uniformly mixed to ensure soil fertilizer, soil activity and loosening.
Preferably, the seed taro in the step S5 is placed in the sun to be subjected to ultraviolet dehydration sterilization for 1-2 days, is soaked in 1000PPM agricultural streptomycin for disinfection for 30-40 minutes, and is dried for later use.
Preferably, the preparation method of the humus soil mixed fertilizer in the step S6 includes:
a. collecting and stacking dry-branch rotten-leaf humus soil in the pine forest and uniformly mixing the humus soil with farmyard manure, wherein the weight ratio of the humus soil to the farmyard manure is 4-6 parts, and the weight ratio of the farmyard manure is 0.8-1.2 parts;
b. b, adding a beneficial bacterium starter into the mixed humus soil and farmyard manure in the step a for mixing and fermenting, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed humus soil, farmyard manure and beneficial bacterium starter is 6000:1, the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 50-70%, and the mixture is covered by a film and is sealed for fermenting;
c. and c, turning over the mixture in the sealed fermentation process in the step b once a month for 2-4 times to prepare the humic soil mixed fertilizer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the farmyard manure is as follows:
1) mixing 480-520 parts of straws, 280-320 parts of animal wastes, 80-120 parts of human excrement and 18-22 parts of probiotics in a weight ratio, and uniformly stirring for later use;
2) composting the mixture obtained in the step 1) into rectangular compost with the height of 1.7-2 m and the width of 5-6.7 m, watering 700-800 parts of water, covering the surface of the compost with 3-6 cm of fine soil, preserving heat, water and fertilizer, and fermenting for later use;
3) after fermentation for 1 week, raising the temperature of the compost to 60-70 ℃, turning the compost once in a period of 10 days, supplementing water, repeating the steps until the compost becomes black, rotten and smelly, decomposing, compacting the compost, and tightly sealing the periphery with soil to keep nutrients for later use.
Preferably, in the step S6, the sowing time is 3 in the middle and last ten days of the month, the size of the seed taro is 250-400 g, and 2000-3000 seeds are planted per mu; planting the seed taro with the size of 150-250 g and 3000-4000 plants per mu; the size of the seed taro is less than 150g, and 4000-4500 plants are planted per mu.
Preferably, the konjac seeds are planted in the small ditches at intervals in the step S6, base fertilizer is applied in the middle of the konjac seeds, the base fertilizer is not in contact with the konjac seeds, the base fertilizer is a pesticide fertilizer or a high-potassium compound fertilizer plus a phosphate fertilizer, the ratio of the pesticide fertilizer or the high-potassium compound fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 1:1, 20kg of the pesticide fertilizer or the high-potassium compound fertilizer is added per mu, and 20kg of the phosphate fertilizer is added per mu.
Preferably, the herbal medicine used in step S7 is diquat and diquat mixed with water, wherein the mixing ratio of the diquat, the diquat and the water is 0.8-1.2 parts of the diquat, 0.8-1.2 parts of the diquat and 58-62 parts of the water.
When the konjak is planted, the time for continuously planting the konjak in the same land can not exceed two years, so that the problems of disease increase and yield reduction are avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for planting the konjak in the high mountain forest mainly aims at high mountain areas and konjak high-yield areas, the konjak is planted in the open ground under the forest, large-area light can be prevented from directly drying the konjak, and the photosynthesis of the konjak can be ensured; the planting method provided by the invention optimizes the aspects of land selection, land preparation and fertilization, seed selection and sowing, performs early-stage fertilization and sterilization treatment on the land, avoids low-quality taro seeds in the seed selection process, performs sterilization and dehydration treatment on the taro seeds, improves the germination rate of the taro seeds, reduces the occurrence of diseases in the konjak planting process by matching with self-made humus soil mixed fertilizer and base fertilizer in the sowing process, and improves the konjak planting yield and the konjak quality through relevant specific procedures such as weeding and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is described below in detail and completely with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for planting konjak in high mountain forest is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, selecting land, selecting, draining and irrigating conveniently, ventilating well, controlling the pH value of the land to be 6.0 in the understory land of the alpine region with abundant rainwater;
s2, land preparation and fertilizer application, deep ploughing in winter, deep ploughing and fine leveling after spring, base fertilizer and quicklime are applied to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling is carried out for later use;
s3, ridging, namely ditching and ridging under the forest, wherein the width of the ridge is 1.0m, and the height of the ridge is 26 cm;
s4, selecting seeds, and selecting the seeds without scab, damage, rot and flowering as the seed taro;
s5, sterilizing the seed taro, placing the seed taro in the sun for ultraviolet dehydration and sterilization, soaking the seed taro for 20-50 minutes through a sterilizing liquid medicine, and drying the seed taro for later use;
s6, sowing, namely, forming a small ditch in the middle of each ridge in the step S3, planting taros in the small ditches at intervals of 15cm, covering the small ditches with soil, spreading humus soil mixed fertilizer and base fertilizer on the small ditches, and covering the soil in the ditches at two sides of each ridge on the humus soil mixed fertilizer, wherein the depth of the ditches is 30 cm;
s7, covering the pine needles, uniformly spraying herbal medicines when small grass appears on the land after sowing, and covering the pine needles, so that the breeding of weeds can be effectively controlled, and further the konjak planting is completed.
And the high mountain area land plot with the altitude of 1300-2500 m selected in the step S1 is provided with a slope, good drainage and slightly acidic soil.
In this embodiment, the base fertilizer in step S2 includes farmyard manure, compound fertilizer and biological potassium fertilizer, the application weight per mu is 4800kg, 52kg and 0.8kg, respectively, 50kg of quicklime is scattered per mu, and the soil and the base fertilizer are mixed uniformly to ensure soil fertility and soil activity and loosening.
In this embodiment, the yam seeds in step S5 are placed in the sun for ultraviolet dehydration and sterilization for 1-2 days, and then are soaked in 1000PPM streptomycin for agricultural use and sterilized for 30 minutes, and then are dried in the sun for use.
The preparation method of the humic soil mixed fertilizer in the step S6 comprises the following steps:
a. collecting and stacking dry rotten leaf and humus soil in the pine forest, and uniformly mixing the collected and stacked rotten leaf and humus soil with farmyard manure in a weight ratio of 4 parts of humus soil and 1.2 parts of farmyard manure for later use;
b. b, adding a beneficial bacterium starter into the mixed humus soil and farmyard manure in the step a for mixing and fermenting, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed humus soil, farmyard manure and beneficial bacterium starter is 6000:1, the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 50%, and the mixture is covered by a film and sealed for fermenting;
c. and c, turning over the mixture in the sealed fermentation process in the step b once a month for 2-4 times to prepare the humic soil mixed fertilizer.
The preparation method of the farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
1) mixing 480 parts of straws, 320 parts of animal wastes, 80 parts of human excrement and 22 parts of probiotics in a weight ratio, and uniformly stirring for later use;
2) composting the mixture obtained in the step 1) into rectangular compost with the height of 1.7-2 m and the width of 5-6.7 m, watering 700 parts of water, covering the surface of the compost with 3-6 cm of fine soil, preserving heat, water and fertilizer, and fermenting for later use;
3) after fermentation for 1 week, raising the temperature of the compost to 60 ℃, turning the compost once in a period of 10 days, supplementing water, repeating the steps until the compost becomes black, rotten and smelly, decomposing, compacting the compost, and tightly sealing the periphery with soil to keep nutrients for later use.
In this embodiment, in step S6, the sowing time is 3 days in the middle and last days of the month, the size of the seed taro is 250-400 g, and 2000-3000 plants are planted per mu; planting the seed taro with the size of 150-250 g and 3000-4000 plants per mu; the size of the seed taro is less than 150g, and 4000-4500 plants are planted per mu.
And in the step S6, the seed taros are planted in the small ditches at intervals, base fertilizer is applied in the middle of the seed taros and is not in contact with the seed taros, the base fertilizer is a pesticide fertilizer or a high-potassium compound fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, the ratio of the pesticide fertilizer or the high-potassium compound fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 1:1, 20kg of the pesticide fertilizer or the high-potassium compound fertilizer and 20kg of the phosphate fertilizer are added per mu.
The herbal medicine for removing adopted in the step S7 is mixing diquat and diquat with water, wherein the mixing ratio of the diquat, the diquat and the water is 0.8 parts of the diquat, 1.2 parts of the diquat and 58 parts of the water.
Example 2:
a method for planting konjak in high mountain forest comprises the following steps,
s1, selecting land, selecting, draining and irrigating conveniently, ventilating well, controlling the pH value of the land to be 6.5 in the understory land of the alpine region with abundant rainwater;
s2, land preparation and fertilizer application, deep ploughing in winter, deep ploughing and fine leveling after spring, base fertilizer and quicklime are applied to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling is carried out for later use;
s3, ridging, namely ditching and ridging under the forest, wherein the width of the ridge is 1.4m, and the height of the ridge is 30 cm;
s4, selecting seeds, and selecting the seeds without scab, damage, rot and flowering as the seed taro;
s5, sterilizing the seed taro, placing the seed taro in the sun for ultraviolet dehydration and sterilization, soaking the seed taro for 20-50 minutes through a sterilizing liquid medicine, and drying the seed taro for later use;
s6, sowing, namely, forming a small ditch in the middle of each ridge in the step S3, planting taros in the small ditches at intervals of 20cm, covering the small ditches with soil, spreading humus soil mixed fertilizer and base fertilizer on the small ditches, and covering the soil in the ditches at two sides of each ridge on the humus soil mixed fertilizer, wherein the depth of each ditch is 40 cm;
s7, covering the pine needles, uniformly spraying herbal medicines when small grass appears on the land after sowing, and covering the pine needles, so that the breeding of weeds can be effectively controlled, and further the konjak planting is completed.
In this embodiment, the woodland plots of the high mountain area with the altitude of 1300-2500 m selected in step S1 have a slope, good drainage performance, and slightly acidic soil.
Further, the base fertilizer in the step S2 includes farmyard manure, compound fertilizer and biological potassium fertilizer, the weight of each acre is 5200kg, 48kg and 1.2kg, respectively, and each acre is scattered with 45kg of quicklime, and the soil and the base fertilizer are uniformly mixed to ensure the soil fertilizer, the soil activity and the soil loosening.
In this embodiment, the yam seeds in step S5 are placed in the sun for ultraviolet dehydration and sterilization for 1-2 days, and then soaked in 1000PPM streptomycin for agricultural use, sterilized for 40 minutes, and dried in the sun for use.
The preparation method of the humic soil mixed fertilizer in the step S6 comprises the following steps:
a. collecting and stacking dry rotten leaf and humus soil in the pine forest, and uniformly mixing the collected and stacked rotten leaf and humus soil with farmyard manure in a weight ratio of 6 parts of humus soil and 0.8 part of farmyard manure for later use;
b. b, adding a beneficial bacterium starter into the mixed humus soil and farmyard manure in the step a for mixing and fermenting, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed humus soil, farmyard manure and beneficial bacterium starter is 6000:1, the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 70%, and the mixture is covered by a film and sealed for fermenting;
c. and c, turning over the mixture in the sealed fermentation process in the step b once a month for 2-4 times to prepare the humic soil mixed fertilizer.
The preparation method of the farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
1) mixing and stirring raw materials, 520 parts of straws, 280 parts of animal wastes, 120 parts of human excrement and 18 parts of probiotics in a weight ratio for later use;
2) composting the mixture obtained in the step 1) into rectangular compost with the height of 1.7-2 m and the width of 5-6.7 m, watering 800 parts of water, covering the surface of the compost with 3-6 cm of fine soil, preserving heat, water and fertilizer, and fermenting for later use;
3) after fermentation for 1 week, raising the temperature of the compost to 70 ℃, turning the compost once in a period of 10 days, supplementing water, repeating the steps until the compost becomes black, rotten and smelly, decomposing, compacting the compost, and tightly sealing the periphery with soil to keep nutrients for later use.
The sowing time in the step S6 is 3 in the middle and last ten days of the month, the seed size of the taro is 250-400 g, and 2000-3000 plants are planted per mu; planting the seed taro with the size of 150-250 g and 3000-4000 plants per mu; the size of the seed taro is less than 150g, and 4000-4500 plants are planted per mu.
And in the step S6, the seed taros are planted in the small ditches at intervals, base fertilizer is applied in the middle of the seed taros and is not in contact with the seed taros, the base fertilizer is a pesticide fertilizer or a high-potassium compound fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, the ratio of the pesticide fertilizer or the high-potassium compound fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 1:1, 20kg of the pesticide fertilizer or the high-potassium compound fertilizer and 20kg of the phosphate fertilizer are added per mu.
The herbal medicine for removing adopted in the step S7 is mixing diquat and diquat with water, wherein the mixing ratio of the diquat, the diquat and the water is 1.2 parts of the diquat, 0.8 part of the diquat and 62 parts of the water.
Example 3:
a method for planting konjak in high mountain forest comprises the following steps,
s1, selecting land, selecting, draining and irrigating conveniently, ventilating well, controlling the pH value of the land to be 6.2 in the understory land of the alpine region with abundant rainwater;
s2, land preparation and fertilizer application, deep ploughing in winter, deep ploughing and fine leveling after spring, base fertilizer and quicklime are applied to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling is carried out for later use;
s3, ridging, namely ditching and ridging under the forest, wherein the width of the ridge is 1.2m, and the height of the ridge is 28 cm;
s4, selecting seeds, and selecting the seeds without scab, damage, rot and flowering as the seed taro;
s5, sterilizing the seed taro, placing the seed taro in the sun for ultraviolet dehydration and sterilization, soaking the seed taro for 20-50 minutes through a sterilizing liquid medicine, and drying the seed taro for later use;
s6, sowing, namely, forming a small ditch in the middle of each ridge in the step S3, planting taros in the small ditches at intervals of 18cm, covering the small ditches with soil, spreading humus soil mixed fertilizer and base fertilizer on the small ditches, and covering the soil in the ditches at two sides of each ridge on the humus soil mixed fertilizer, wherein the depth of each ditch is 35 cm;
s7, covering the pine needles, uniformly spraying herbal medicines when small grass appears on the land after sowing, and covering the pine needles, so that the breeding of weeds can be effectively controlled, and further the konjak planting is completed.
The woodland plots with the altitude of 1300-2500 m in the high mountain areas selected in the step S1 are provided with slopes, good drainage and slightly acidic soil.
And in the step S2, the base fertilizer comprises farmyard manure, compound fertilizer and biological potassium fertilizer, the application weight per mu is 5000kg, 50kg and 0.8-1.2 kg respectively, 48kg of quicklime is scattered per mu, and the soil and the base fertilizer are uniformly mixed to ensure the soil fertilizer, the soil activity and the loosening.
In this embodiment, the yam seeds in step S5 are placed in the sun for ultraviolet dehydration and sterilization for 1-2 days, and then soaked in 1000PPM streptomycin for sterilization for 35 minutes and dried in the sun for use.
The preparation method of the humic soil mixed fertilizer in the step S6 comprises the following steps:
a. collecting and stacking dry rotten leaf and humus soil in the pine forest, and uniformly mixing the collected and stacked rotten leaf and humus soil with farmyard manure in a weight ratio of 5 parts of humus soil and 1 part of farmyard manure for later use;
b. b, adding a beneficial bacterium starter into the mixed humus soil and farmyard manure in the step a for mixing and fermenting, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed humus soil, farmyard manure and beneficial bacterium starter is 6000:1, the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 60%, and the mixture is covered by a film and sealed for fermenting;
c. and c, turning over the mixture in the sealed fermentation process in the step b once a month for 2-4 times to prepare the humic soil mixed fertilizer.
6. The method for planting konjak in alpine forest as claimed in claim 5, wherein the farmyard manure is prepared by the following steps:
1) mixing and stirring 500 parts of straw, 300 parts of animal excrement, 100 parts of human excrement and 20 parts of probiotics in a weight ratio for later use;
2) composting the mixture obtained in the step 1) into rectangular compost with the height of 1.7-2 m and the width of 5-6.7 m, watering 750 parts of water, covering the surface of the compost with 3-6 cm of fine soil, preserving heat, water and fertilizer, and fermenting for later use;
3) after fermentation for 1 week, raising the temperature of the compost to 65 ℃, turning the compost once in a period of 10 days, supplementing water, repeating the steps until the compost becomes black, rotten and smelly, and decomposing, compacting the compost, and tightly sealing the periphery with soil to keep nutrients for later use.
The sowing time in the step S6 is 3 in the middle and last ten days of the month, the seed size of the taro is 250-400 g, and 2000-3000 plants are planted per mu; planting the seed taro with the size of 150-250 g and 3000-4000 plants per mu; the size of the seed taro is less than 150g, and 4000-4500 plants are planted per mu.
And in the step S6, the seed taros are planted in the small ditches at intervals, base fertilizer is applied in the middle of the seed taros and does not contact with the seed taros, so that the seed taros are prevented from being damaged, the base fertilizer is a pesticide fertilizer or a high-potassium compound fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, the ratio of the pesticide fertilizer or the high-potassium compound fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 1:1, and 20kg of the pesticide fertilizer or the high-potassium compound fertilizer and 20kg of the phosphate fertilizer are added per mu.
The herbal medicine used in step S7 is obtained by mixing diquat and dichlor with water, wherein the mixing ratio of diquat, diquat and water is 1 part of diquat, 1 part of dichlor and 60 parts of water.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. In addition, although specific terms are used herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being defined by the following claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting konjak in high mountain forest is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, selecting land, selecting, draining and irrigating conveniently, ventilating well, controlling the pH value of the land in the forest in the alpine region with abundant rainwater to be 6.0-6.5;
s2, land preparation and fertilizer application, deep ploughing in winter, deep ploughing and fine leveling after spring, base fertilizer and quicklime are applied to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling is carried out for later use;
s3, ridging, namely ditching and ridging under the forest, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.0-1.4 m, and the height of each ridge is 26-30 cm;
s4, selecting seeds, and selecting the seeds without scab, damage, rot and flowering as the seed taro;
s5, sterilizing the seed taro, placing the seed taro in the sun for ultraviolet dehydration and sterilization, soaking the seed taro for 20-50 minutes through a sterilizing liquid medicine, and drying the seed taro for later use;
s6, sowing, namely, forming a small ditch in the middle of each ridge in the step S3, planting taros in the small ditches at intervals of 15-20 cm, covering the small ditches with soil, spreading humus soil mixed fertilizer and base fertilizer on the small ditches, and covering the soil in the ditches at two sides of each ridge on the humus soil mixed fertilizer, wherein the depth of the ditches is 30-40 cm;
s7, covering the pine needles, uniformly spraying herbal medicines when small grass appears on the land after sowing, and covering the pine needles, so that the breeding of weeds can be effectively controlled, and further the konjak planting is completed.
2. The method for planting konjak in alpine forest as claimed in claim 1, wherein the woodland plots of the high mountain area with an altitude of 1300-2500 m selected in step S1 have a slope, have good drainage and have slightly acidic soil.
3. The method for planting konjak under mountain forests as claimed in claim 1 wherein the base fertilizer in step S2 comprises farmyard manure, compound fertilizer and biological potash fertilizer with a weight of 4800-5200 kg, 48-52 kg and 0.8-1.2 kg per mu and 45-50 kg per mu of quicklime, and the soil and base fertilizer are mixed uniformly to ensure soil fertility, soil activity and loosening.
4. The method for planting konjak in alpine forest according to claim 1, wherein the yam seeds in step S5 are placed in the sun to be subjected to ultraviolet dehydration sterilization for 1-2 days, and then are soaked in 1000PPM streptomycin for sterilization for 30-40 minutes and dried in the sun for later use.
5. The method for planting konjak in alpine forest according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the humus soil mixed fertilizer in step S6 includes:
a. collecting and stacking dry-branch rotten-leaf humus soil in the pine forest and uniformly mixing the humus soil with farmyard manure, wherein the weight ratio of the humus soil to the farmyard manure is 4-6 parts, and the weight ratio of the farmyard manure is 0.8-1.2 parts;
b. b, adding a beneficial bacterium starter into the mixed humus soil and farmyard manure in the step a for mixing and fermenting, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed humus soil, farmyard manure and beneficial bacterium starter is 6000:1, the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 50-70%, and the mixture is covered by a film and is sealed for fermenting;
c. and c, turning over the mixture in the sealed fermentation process in the step b once a month for 2-4 times to prepare the humic soil mixed fertilizer.
6. The method for planting konjak in alpine forest as claimed in claim 5, wherein the farmyard manure is prepared by the following steps:
1) mixing 480-520 parts of straws, 280-320 parts of animal wastes, 80-120 parts of human excrement and 18-22 parts of probiotics in a weight ratio, and uniformly stirring for later use;
2) composting the mixture obtained in the step 1) into rectangular compost with the height of 1.7-2 m and the width of 5-6.7 m, watering 700-800 parts of water, covering the surface of the compost with 3-6 cm of fine soil, preserving heat, water and fertilizer, and fermenting for later use;
3) after fermentation for 1 week, raising the temperature of the compost to 60-70 ℃, turning the compost once in a period of 10 days, supplementing water, repeating the steps until the compost becomes black, rotten and smelly, decomposing, compacting the compost, and tightly sealing the periphery with soil to keep nutrients for later use.
7. The method for planting konjak in alpine forests according to claim 1, wherein the sowing time in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in step S6 is 250-400 g of seed taro, and 2000-3000 plants are planted per acre; planting the seed taro with the size of 150-250 g and 3000-4000 plants per mu; the size of the seed taro is less than 150g, and 4000-4500 plants are planted per mu.
8. The method for planting konjak in alpine forests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the konjac seeds are planted in furrows at intervals in step S6, and a base fertilizer is applied between the konjac seeds, the base fertilizer does not contact with the konjac seeds, the base fertilizer is a chemical fertilizer or a high-potassium compound fertilizer added with a phosphate fertilizer, the ratio of the chemical fertilizer or the high-potassium compound fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 1:1, 20kg of the chemical fertilizer or the high-potassium compound fertilizer is added per mu, and 20kg of the phosphate fertilizer is added.
9. The method for planting Amorphophallus konjac under mountain forests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbal medicines for removing the water used in step S7 are diquat and dichlor which are mixed together in the ratio of 0.8-1.2 parts of diquat, 0.8-1.2 parts of diquat and 58-62 parts of water.
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| CN115362896A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-22 | 云南魔丽魔芋科技有限公司 | Konjak planting method in high-altitude area |
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