CN103460952A - Method of performing mixed sowing of astragalus sinicus and oilseed rape and returning green manures to field - Google Patents
Method of performing mixed sowing of astragalus sinicus and oilseed rape and returning green manures to field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for performing mixed sowing of astragalus sinicus and oilseed rape and returning green manures to the field. The method comprises the following steps: a, sowing astragalus sinicus, namely sowing seeds of astragalus sinicus 25-35 days before harvesting of late rice, and keeping field water suitable for growth of astragalus sinicus; b, sowing oilseed rape, namely oversowing seeds of oilseed rape 1-3 days after harvesting of late rice; c, turning over and pressing the astragalus sinicus and the oilseed rape, namely when the astragalus sinicus is in a full-blossom period and the oilseed rape is in a bud period, simultaneously turning over and retting two types of green manures about 15 days before planting of early rice, wherein routine ploughing, fertilizing and early rice transplanting can be performed after retting is performed for 8-10 days. The method provided by the invention can be used for solving the problems of single planting variety and single planting structure in production and utilization of green manures in the southern double-crop rice region, effectively solving the problems that green manure nutrients are imbalanced after uni-sowed Chinese milkvetch or oilseed rape is turned over and pressed and thus nutrient supply can not meet the requirements of the whole early rice growth period on the nutrients, and the like, being beneficial to the improvement on the yield and quality of aftercrop early rice and playing a role in directly promoting the green manure development re-arisen in China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of also method in field of Chinese milk vetch and rape mixed seeding green manure.
Background technology
Green manure refers to the bright body of green plants that in the soil of can turning over, as fertilizer sources is used, it is a kind of high-quality fertilizer, improvement soil and culture fertility are had to effect preferably, and green manure also has that the nutrient of providing, Rational Land Use are increased soil fertility simultaneously, the part replacing fertilizer, promote the effects such as high crop yield and Ensuring Food Safety.
Winter planting's green manure can take full advantage of crops for rotation, does not affect the production process of main crop, and the production of development green manure has very large prospect.There is the single and single problem of pattern of farming of the green manure kind of plantation in the existing Green manuring in Hunan Province: Green manuring mainly be take rice field green manure in winter as main, and kind is only limited to the leguminous green manure Chinese milk vetch substantially, the less plantation of other kind green manure; Mainly take the clean culture Chinese milk vetch as main on pattern of farming, and the mixed seeding of different cultivars green manure and interplant are comparatively rare.When this single green manure kind and pattern of farming fail to bring into play the symbiosis of variety classes green manure kind, mutually promote growth and on fertilizer efficiency mutual supplementary effect, not only affected the output of green manure crop, also caused the fertilizer efficiency of green manure crop not high.This problem has become one of technology barrier of the South Rice Region of China green manure development of rising once again.
Under modern farming system, rice yield improves constantly, increased the strongly fragrant degree of covering in field, cause cover to broadcast the Chinese milk vetch seedling thin and weak, with often because after the late rice harvesting, attacked by strong cold air, causing the seedling mortality, the bright careless output of Basic Seedling wretched insufficiency impact, thus the fertilizer efficiency of green manure to lower batch early rice affected; Simultaneously Chinese milk vetch, due to the nitrogen fixation of its rhizobium, is a kind of containing the higher green manure crop of nitrogen nutrition, but phosphorus in the bright grass of Chinese milk vetch, potassium content are lower, turn over separately Chinese milk vetch and have the unbalanced problem of nutrient kind; And the bright careless C/N ratio of Chinese milk vetch is lower, cauline leaf is fresh and tender, lignin is low, turns over rear decomposition very fast, and nutrient discharges fast, singly execute Chinese milk vetch early rice nutrient supply in early stage better, therefore later stage is poor, has that the paddy rice early growth is fast, the leaf look dark green, but grain is lighter, the ghost rate is higher, is unfavorable for the early rice high yield.
The crop in cruciferae rape also can be used as the green manure crop plantation except doing oil crop.Green manure rape and Chinese milk vetch have different growth characteristics and physilogical characteristics.It is tall and big that rape has plant type, vertical growth, and plant individual plant weight, rape root suction phosphorus power is stronger, is the more organic manure of a kind of phosphorous element.How by rape green manure and Chinese milk vetch with the proper ratio miscegenation, research rape and Chinese milk vetch mixed seeding technology, give full play to two kinds of green manure crop features, make its fertilizer efficiency effect obtain useful supplementing, will to solving in our province Green manuring in winter, kind be single, the planting patterns Single-issue is an approach preferably, also can alleviate current this realistic problem of our province Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds shortage simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of for the deficiencies in the prior art and make that the bright grass amount of green manure improves, the green manure nutrient coordinates and reaches after best, balance the nutrition of doing paddy rice, reach the raising yield and quality of rice, reduce the input amount of chemical fertilizer, improve the also method in field of the Chinese milk vetch of soil physico-chemical property and rape mixed seeding green manure.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of Chinese milk vetch and rape mixed seeding green manure is the method in field also, comprises the steps:
A, Chinese milk vetch sowing:
At first 25～35 days sowing Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds of late rice results, and keep field moisture content to be applicable to the Chinese milk vetch growth;
B, rape seed:
Within 1～3 day, broadcast sowing rape seed after the late rice results;
C, turn over Chinese milk vetch and rape:
Early rice is planted first 10～20 days, enters full-bloom stage, rape in Chinese milk vetch and enters the colored pod phase two kinds of green manure are turned over simultaneously and macerate, macerate within 8～10 days, can carry out that routine harrows a field, fertilising and early rice transplants.
In described step a, before and after the sowing Chinese milk vetch, keep field moisture to be less than 15%.
In described step a, before the Chinese milk vetch sowing, Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds is carried out to legume inoculation and phosphate fertilizer seed dressing.
In described step a, the Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds consumption is 1.0～1.5 kilograms every mu.
In described step b, when gathering in the crops, late rice stays the rice stubble that 45～55cm is high.
In described step b, before broadcasting sowing rape seed, in field, every 5～12m, open a straight flute, make rice field form the ditch system of " ten " font or the perforation of " well " font.
In described step b, the rape seed consumption is 0.1～0.2 kilogram every mu, uniform broadcasting.
Also be provided with the step of topdressing between described step b and step c, concrete steps are as follows: executed the fertilizer of surviving the winter front ten days Winter Solstice, execute 3～5 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate for every mu, 1～2 kilogram, potassium chloride; But ten days spraying fertilizers before and after the beginning of spring, every mu imposes 2～3 kilograms, urea, 1～2 kilogram, potassium chloride.
In described step c, when turning over, first appropriateness is blocked rape stem, then Chinese milk vetch and rape is together turned over, and makes soil hide Chinese milk vetch and rape body fully, then seals the paddy field drainage mouth and is macerated.
In the time of described macerating, keep the field face water and peak level to be arranged not higher than 1.25cm.
Adopt said method, the present invention has following advantage:
1, by the sowing time of staggering Chinese milk vetch and rape, guarantee 15d left and right before the early rice rice transplanting, Chinese milk vetch and rape enter the best simultaneously and turn over the phase, and now Chinese milk vetch enters full-bloom stage, rape and enters the colored pod phase and turned over.
2, utilize the physiological ecological characteristics (high-and-low stalk green manure is arranged in pairs or groups mutually) of Chinese milk vetch and two kinds of dissimilar green manure of rape, give full play to growth characteristics separately, and reach the purpose of growth of mutually promoting, and increase substantially the bright careless output of green manure.
3, by the mixed seeding of pulse family Chinese milk vetch green manure and Cruciferae green manure rape, reach the proportional balancing method of the nutritive elements such as green manure nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, avoided singly executing that the Chinese milk vetch nitrogen nutrition is high, phosphorus potassium comparatively lacks or singly execute the higher and disadvantage that nitrogen is lower of rape green manure phosphorus potassium, improve the green manure quality, be conducive to the high yield and bumper harvest of succession crop.
4, turn over and macerate by the Chinese milk vetch that C/N ratio is different and two kinds of green manure mixed seeding of rape, be conducive to meet the paddy rice different growing stage to nutrient demand.The bright careless C/N ratio lower (being generally 15: 1 left and right) of Chinese milk vetch, cauline leaf is fresh and tender, turns over to macerate easily to rot afterwards, nutrient discharges very fast, can meet paddy growth early stage to nutritive element especially to the needs of nitrogen.Rape cauline leaf C/N ratio higher (being generally 50: 1 left and right), fibrination, rot to decompose slow, be conducive to the paddy rice middle and later periods to nutritive element especially to the needs of phosphorus, potassium.
5, pass through Chinese milk vetch and the mixed seeding of rape green manure, can reduce the sowing quantity of Chinese milk vetch 1/3 left and right, being every mu can reduce with kind of a 0.5～1.0kg, reach and save the Chinese milk vetch sowing quantity, alleviate the problem of Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds shortage in the market, reduce kind of a cost (20～30 yuan/kilogram of the Chinese milk vetch market prices, 5 yuan/kilogram of rapes) for green manure simultaneously, be conducive to improve the overall efficiency that green manure is produced, and can guarantee and enlarge the green manure sowing area.
6, reduce the chemical fertilizer input amount in the early rice plantation, 20%～40% of general alternative n p k fertilizer, and can improve soil physical and chemical property and improve rice yield.
In sum, the problem that during the present invention will solve southern double rice cropping system green manure production and utilize, varieties of plant will be single, pattern of farming is single, efficiently solve clean culture Chinese milk vetch or rape and turn over rear green manure nutrient imbalance, nutrient supply can not meet the problems such as needs to nutrient in early rice time of infertility, be conducive to the rear raising of making the early rice yield and quality, the green manure that China is risen again development will be played direct impetus.
Embodiment
Below further describe the embodiment of this patent.
The first step, interplanting Chinese milk vetch at the bottom of rice:
Before the Chinese milk vetch sowing, open in advance discharge outlet, the peripheral irrigation and drainage canal system in dredging rice field, face moistening (alleged moistening the referring to of assurance field face here in assurance field emerging to Chinese milk vetch when Chinese milk vetch is sowed, while keeping sowing, field moisture is less than 15%, and the front maintenance soil moisture content of emerging is less than 30%).In the sowing in first 25～35 days of late rice results, the Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds consumption is 1.0～1.5 kilograms every mu, and Rhizobium Inoculation before sowing, with phosphate fertilizer seed dressing, segmentation gradation sowing, guarantees that sowing evenly.Chinese milk vetch is emerged rear rice field can moistening irrigation.
Second step, late rice stays high stubble harvesting, the trench digging ditch cleaning:
The rice stubble that 45～55cm is high is stayed in the late rice harvesting, hold successfully after results and enclose ditch and gutter, hold Zhong Gou and Yao Gou successfully simultaneously, make rice field form " ten " font or " well " font ditch system, gutter should be dark, and Zhong Gou, waist ditch can be slightly shallow, accomplish that the straight end of ditch flat, current are unobstructed, field is become a fine day and do not stay water, and not ponding rains.As drouth rain not, field face drying, should note pouring water, and with filling with row, prevents the stain evil.
The 3rd step, mixed seeding rape green manure:
1～3 day sowing rape after the late rice results, 0.1～0.2 kilogram every mu of rape seed consumption.Before sowing, rape seed is shone 1～2 day, improve seed vitality, evenly be sprinkled into rice field.Within after rape seed 1～5 day, guarantee field face moistening (face moistening referring in field keeps soil moisture content to be less than 30%) here, and straw is evenly divided and spreads Tanaka, in order to emerging.
The 4th step is topdressed in good time
Execute the fertilizer of surviving the winter front ten days Winter Solstice, execute 3～5 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate for every mu, 1～2 kilogram, potassium chloride; Once, but every mu imposes 2～3 kilograms, urea to ten days spraying fertilizers, 1～2 kilogram, potassium chloride before and after the beginning of spring.
The 5th step, turn over Chinese milk vetch and rape
Produce season according to local early rice, Chinese milk vetch enter full-bloom stage, rape enter the colored pod phase (before probably transplanting for early rice about 15d (being generally mid-April) turn over.While turning over, first appropriateness is blocked rape stem, then Chinese milk vetch and rape are together turned over and macerate (turn over and macerate turning over and macerating of referring to), in turning over the process of macerating, make the bright body of green manure in Chinese milk vetch and rape stalk be hidden fully by soil as far as possible, seal the paddy field drainage mouth, depending on weather condition, to rice field, pour water, make field face soil layer keep moisture state, discharge to accelerate Chinese milk vetch and rape green manure decomposition and nutrient.
The 6th step, harrow a field, early rice shallow water management, the decrement fertilising
Green manure turns over rear maintenance soil layer moisture state and macerates and within 8～10 days, can adopt the Traditional Agricultural facility that the field face is raked, the comparable conventional fertilizer application amount of chemical fertilizer amount reduces by 20%～40% consumption, carry out basal dressing by normal mode, early rice balled transplanting, the short directly shallow water management of rice transplanting period of seedling establishment, but wash rice transplanting, the period of seedling establishment about 3 days is arranged, carry out again the shallow water management after should having certain depth of water with the root and stem of certain plants of living.
Embodiment mono-:
Within 2012, select one double cropping rice production area, Nan County---San Xianhu town, 50 mu of left and right.The Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds consumption 2kg/ mu of clean culture Chinese milk vetch field; The rape seed consumption 0.3kg/ mu of clean culture rape field; The Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds of Chinese milk vetch and rape mixed seeding field and rape seed consumption are respectively 1.5kg/ mu and 0.15kg/ mu; Stay in addition the field in winter slack, do not broadcast green manure crop in any winter.The early rice planting patterns is for transplanting.100% chemical fertilizer is processed and is located on the field in winter slack, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer consumption are pressed respectively 10kg N/ mu, 5kg P
2o
5/ mu, 6kg K
2o/ mu is used, and Chinese milk vetch+70% chemical fertilizer, rape+70% chemical fertilizer and Chinese milk vetch+rape+70% chemical fertilizer is processed and is respectively clean culture Chinese milk vetch, clean culture rape and Chinese milk vetch, rape mixed seeding field green manure turns over and use 70% chemical fertilizer.Concrete farming operation is as follows:
1, gathered in the crops first 35 days sowing Chinese milk vetchs late rice September 29, emerge rear Dressing Moist Rice Field of Chinese milk vetch is irrigated.
2, October 30, late rice stayed the rice stub harvesting that high stake 50cm is high, held ditch after harvesting successfully, field is become a fine day and do not stay water, and not ponding rains.
2, November 1 gathered in the crops and within latter 1 day, broadcast rape late rice.
4, April 14 transplanted and within first 15 days, turn over green manure in early rice.In Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stage, rape flower pod phase, the rape appropriateness is blocked to the stem stalk, evenly in the solid carbon dioxide situation of ， field, spreading field, with Cultivator, turn over Chinese milk vetch and rape.After turning over, pour water, irrigation quantity to be to keep field soil moistening, and the field face not ponding be standard.Keep this field water regime 8 days, April 22 flattened the field face with rotovator.
5, April 26 basal dressing.April 27 the early rice shoot transplanting equipment, rice transplanting is identical with the operation of traditional early rice farming.
Chinese milk vetch and rape mixed seeding have obviously improved the bright careless output of green manure, and Chinese milk vetch improves 107.67% with the bright careless output of rape mixed seeding than clean culture Chinese milk vetch, than clean culture rape, improves 39.94%; Chinese milk vetch and rape mixed seeding also have considerable influence to early rice output, and Chinese milk vetch+rape+70% chemical fertilizer early rice output improves 3.28% than Chinese milk vetch+70% chemical fertilizer, than rape+70% chemical fertilizer, improve 5.36%; Result also shows the alternative part chemical fertilizer of green manure, process and compare with 100% chemical fertilizer, green manure also on the basis, field decrement 30% chemical fertilizer early rice is also had to yield increasing effect, especially the most obvious with Chinese milk vetch and rape mixed seeding yield increasing effect, Chinese milk vetch+rape+70% chemical fertilizer is processed early rice output and is processed and increase by 11.85% than 100% chemical fertilizer.
| Process | Bright careless output (kg/ mu) | Early rice output (kg/ mu) |
| 100% chemical fertilizer | — | 422 |
| Chinese milk vetch+70% chemical fertilizer | 1812 | 457 |
| Rape+70% chemical fertilizer | 2689 | 448 |
| Chinese milk vetch+rape+70% chemical fertilizer | 3763 | 472 |
Embodiment bis-:
Within 2012, select one double cropping rice production area, Yuanjiang City---grass town, 100 mu of left and right, the Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds consumption 2kg/ mu of clean culture Chinese milk vetch field; The rape seed consumption 0.25kg/ mu of clean culture rape field; The Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds of Chinese milk vetch and rape mixed seeding field and rape seed consumption are respectively 1.5kg/ mu and 0.125kg/ mu; Stay in addition the field in winter slack, do not broadcast green manure crop in any winter.The early rice planting patterns is rice transplanting.100% chemical fertilizer is processed and is located at the field in winter slack, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer consumption are pressed respectively 10kg N/ mu, 5kg P
2o
5/ mu, 6kg K
2o/ mu is used, and Chinese milk vetch+70% chemical fertilizer, rape+70% chemical fertilizer and Chinese milk vetch+rape+70% chemical fertilizer is processed and is respectively clean culture Chinese milk vetch, clean culture rape and Chinese milk vetch, rape mixed seeding field green manure turns over and use 70% chemical fertilizer.Concrete farming operation is as follows:
1, gathered in the crops first 30 days sowing Chinese milk vetchs late rice September 28, emerge rear Dressing Moist Rice Field of Chinese milk vetch is irrigated.
2, November 1, the rice stub that 45cm is high was stayed in the late rice harvesting, held ditch after harvesting successfully, field is become a fine day and do not stay water, and not ponding rains.
2, gathered in the crops latter 3 days sowing rapes late rice November 3.
4, April 16 transplanted and within first 16 days, turn over green manure in early rice.In Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stage, rape flower pod phase, the rape appropriateness is blocked to the stem stalk, evenly in the solid carbon dioxide situation of ， field, spreading field, with Cultivator, turn over Chinese milk vetch and rape.After turning over, pour water, irrigation quantity to be to keep field soil moistening, and the field face not ponding be standard.Keep this field water regime 8 days, April 25 flattened the field face with rotovator.April 26 poured water, and poured water and kept the degree of depth of 2cm water layer to the field face, and this water depth is retained to moistening irrigation after May 8.
5, April 27 basal dressing.April 28 is the rice sprouts rice transplanting early, and rice transplanting is identical with the operation of traditional early rice farming.
Chinese milk vetch and rape mixed seeding have obviously improved the bright careless output of green manure, and Chinese milk vetch improves 90.32% with the bright careless output of rape mixed seeding than clean culture Chinese milk vetch, than clean culture rape, improves 35.63%; Chinese milk vetch and rape mixed seeding also have considerable influence to early rice output, and Chinese milk vetch+rape+70% chemical fertilizer early rice output improves 4.82% than Chinese milk vetch+70% chemical fertilizer, than rape+70% chemical fertilizer, improve 6.53%; Result also shows the alternative part chemical fertilizer of green manure, process and compare with 100% chemical fertilizer, green manure also on the basis, field decrement 30% chemical fertilizer early rice is also had to yield increasing effect, especially the most obvious with Chinese milk vetch and rape mixed seeding yield increasing effect, Chinese milk vetch+rape+70% chemical fertilizer is processed early rice output and is processed and increase by 9.86% than 100% chemical fertilizer.
| Process | Bright careless output | Early rice output |
| 100% chemical fertilizer | — | 416 |
| Chinese milk vetch+70% chemical fertilizer | 1756 | 436 |
| Rape+70% chemical fertilizer | 2464 | 429 |
| Chinese milk vetch+rape+70% chemical fertilizer | 3342 | 457 |
Claims (10)
1. a Chinese milk vetch and the rape mixed seeding green manure method in field also, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, Chinese milk vetch sowing:
At first 25～35 days sowing Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds of late rice results, and keep field moisture content to be applicable to the Chinese milk vetch growth;
B, rape seed:
Within 1～3 day, broadcast sowing rape seed after the late rice results;
C, turn over Chinese milk vetch and rape:
Early rice is planted first 10～20 days, enters full-bloom stage, rape in Chinese milk vetch and enters the colored pod phase two kinds of green manure are turned over simultaneously and macerate, macerate within 8～10 days, can carry out that routine harrows a field, fertilising and early rice transplants.
2. Chinese milk vetch according to claim 1 and the rape mixed seeding green manure method in field also, is characterized in that, in described step a, before and after the sowing Chinese milk vetch, keeps field moisture to be less than 15%.
3. Chinese milk vetch according to claim 1 and the rape mixed seeding green manure method in field also, is characterized in that, in described step a, before the Chinese milk vetch sowing, Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds carried out to legume inoculation and phosphate fertilizer seed dressing.
4. Chinese milk vetch according to claim 1 and the rape mixed seeding green manure method in field also, is characterized in that, in described step a, the Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds consumption is 1.0～1.5 kilograms every mu.
5. Chinese milk vetch according to claim 1 and the rape mixed seeding green manure method in field also, is characterized in that, in described step b, stays the rice stubble that 45～55cm is high when late rice is gathered in the crops.
6. Chinese milk vetch according to claim 1 and the rape mixed seeding green manure method in field also, it is characterized in that, in described step b, before broadcasting sowing rape seed, in field, every 5～12m, open a straight flute, make rice field form the ditch system of " ten " font or the perforation of " well " font.
7. Chinese milk vetch according to claim 1 and the rape mixed seeding green manure method in field also, is characterized in that, in described step b, the rape seed consumption is 0.1～0.2 kilogram every mu, uniform broadcasting.
8. Chinese milk vetch according to claim 1 and the rape mixed seeding green manure method in field also, it is characterized in that, also be provided with the step of topdressing between described step b and step c, concrete steps were as follows: executed the fertilizer of surviving the winter front ten days Winter Solstice, execute 3～5 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate for every mu, 1～2 kilogram, potassium chloride; But ten days spraying fertilizers before and after the beginning of spring, every mu imposes 2～3 kilograms, urea, 1～2 kilogram, potassium chloride.
9. Chinese milk vetch according to claim 1 and the rape mixed seeding green manure method in field also, it is characterized in that, in described step c, when turning over, first appropriateness is blocked rape stem, then Chinese milk vetch and rape are together turned over, make soil hide Chinese milk vetch and rape body fully, then seal the paddy field drainage mouth and macerated.
10. Chinese milk vetch according to claim 9 and the rape mixed seeding green manure method in field also, is characterized in that, in the time of described macerating, keeps the field face water and peak level to be arranged not higher than 1.25cm.
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