CN105009765B - Fertile No. 1 application as green manure of cabbage type rape oil - Google Patents
Fertile No. 1 application as green manure of cabbage type rape oil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of fertile No. 1 application as green manure of cabbage type rape oil, the cabbage type rape that the cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 as foregoing green manure is deposit number CCTCC P201507, preservation mechanism is China typical culture collection center, and preservation day is on May 19th, 2015；The application specifically includes following steps：(1) sowing time is selected；(2) composite fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields before carrying out weeding, sowing in the sowing division of selection as needed；(3) fertile No. 1 seed of cabbage type rape oil is mixed thoroughly with nitrogenous fertilizer within sowing time and broadcasted sowing；(4) after planting mechanically or manually ditched in time；It is required that bottom of trench is flat, ditch is communicated；(5) pest control；(6) need to be turned over according to rear season crop farming season；(7) seed growing.Not only breeding time is short, strong adaptability, biological yield high, seed production cost is low for the cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 of the present invention, and with improved soil, the remarkable result of culture fertility.
Description
Technical field
The application of green manure is used as the present invention relates to a kind of application of crops, more particularly to a kind of new rape variety.
Background technology
Green manure is as one of biological nitrogen, organic fertilizer important sources in China's traditional agriculture, and it, which is cultivated and utilized, has
Consequence and meaning.1970s is China's Green manuring peak period, and cultivated area reaches more than 200,000,000 mus, afterwards
Because the reform of Planter industry structure adjustment, rotation system, multiple crop index are improved, fertilizer amount such as increases considerably at the factor influence, green
Fertile area is reduced year by year.But due to largely applying chemical fertilizer, Rate of Organic Fertilizer is greatly reduced, and which results in soil physico-chemical property change
Bad, farming operation layer shoals, and the content of organic matter declines, and constrains the sustainable production capacity of soil.With government since this century
Pay much attention to the enhancing realized with peasant's Soil building, green manure area just increases year by year.However, the green manure conduct in modern agriculture
Crop nutrition content its meaning of originating is less and less, and in improved soil, culture fertility, ensure that crops high quality and stable yield, development can be held
Continuous agricultural, preserve the ecological environment in terms of then there is highly important strategic importance.
At present, the green manure applied in production mainly make including Chinese milk vetch etc. by the Cruciferae such as legume and ordinary cole
Thing, its generally existing sowing time is narrow, development slow, biomass is less than normal, the adaptability not defect such as strong, seed costs height, how to select
A kind of green manure for more meeting modern agriculture requirement is educated, it is significant to those skilled in the art.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome the shortcomings of to mention with defect that there is provided one in background above technology
Fertile No. 1 application as green manure of kind of cabbage type rape oil, not only breeding time is short for cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1, strong adaptability, life
Produce amount is high, seed production cost is low, and is widely portable to the paddy field of the similar ecotope such as ALFISOL IN CENTRAL, drought soil, orchard
Deng farmland as green manure, the remarkable result with improved soil, culture fertility.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme proposed by the present invention be a kind of cabbage type rape oil fertilizer No. 1 as green
The application of fertilizer, the cabbage type rape that the cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 as foregoing green manure is deposit number CCTCC P201507,
Preservation mechanism is China typical culture collection center, and preservation day is on May 19th, 2015；The application specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
(1) sowing time is selected；
(2) preceding preparation is broadcast：Composite fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields before carrying out weeding, sowing in the sowing division of selection as needed；It is described multiple
The composite fertilizer in Hefei preferably 15: 15: 15, and every mu applied 10-15kg to reach the purpose of " changing big fertilizer with small fertilizer "；
(3) sow：The cabbage type rape oil fertilizer seed of No. 1 is mixed thoroughly and broadcasted sowing with nitrogenous fertilizer (preferably urea)；
(4) field management：After planting mechanically or manually ditched in time；It is required that bottom of trench is flat, ditch is communicated；
(5) pest control；
(6) turn in good time：Need to be turned over according to rear season crop farming season；
(7) seed growing.
In above-mentioned application, in the step (1), sowing is preferred to use autumn sowing mode, particularly preferably in mid-September then
Autumn sowing is carried out to mid-November.During autumn sowing, the fertile seed of No. 1 of cabbage type rape oil and the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer are preferably controlled in
0.4~1.0: 10, then mix thoroughly broadcasting sowing.
In above-mentioned application, in the step (1), sowing is preferred to use spring sowing mode, particularly preferably in late January then
Sowed in spring to 2 months.During spring sowing, the fertile seed of No. 1 of cabbage type rape oil and the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer be preferably controlled in 1~
1.5: 5, then mix thoroughly broadcasting sowing.
In above-mentioned application, it is preferred that by cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 and including double cropping paddy rice, fruit tree or tobacco
A variety of cropping systems and shift of crops inside rotate crops to fatten soil；And need to be turned over according to rear season crop farming season.Institute
State and turn over particularly preferably after the whole florescence.When the sowing is autumn sowing, after autumn sowing 60~80 days, according to crop-planting of lower season
Need to start to turn over, the green manuring suitable phase is extended to April next year；When the sowing is sows in spring, start after sowing in spring 60~90 days
Turn over.
In above-mentioned application, it is preferred that the seed growing, which is selected at High aititude, breeds area and sow in spring and breed.Consider
To autumn sowing can precocious early pod cause Wintering Period embryo to endure cold and influence yield, therefore the High aititude is bred during area more preferably refers to
Isolated area more than 800 meters of southern area and height above sea level or positioned at Gansu, the spring rape area in Qinghai, to prevent with other Cruciferae work
Thing string powder mixes.
The selection for the cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 used in the application of the invention described above, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection cabbage type rape hybrid obtains F1 generation hybridization for the maternal Chinese cabbage tongue progress interspecific hybridization with as male parent
Kind；
(2) the F1 generation cenospecies for obtaining step (1) is returned with cabbage type rape hybrid, obtains BC1F1 seeds；
(3) the BC1F1 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are cultivated, and it is carried out selfing, obtain BC1F2 seeds；
(4) the BC1F2 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are cultivated, it is female that selective staining body quantity levels off to cabbage type rape hybrid
This individual plant carries out selfing, obtains BC1F3 seeds；
(5) the BC1F3 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are cultivated, selection includes chromosome quantitative n=19 restricted target
The individual plant of character carries out selfing, obtains BC1F4 seeds；
(6) by the follow-up inbreeding of more generation of the BC1F4 seeds progress of above-mentioned acquisition, with the short life of plant during inbreeding of more generation
Educate the phase for key limiting objective trait, and carry out be interior uniformity orientation system selection, until obtaining strain high homogenous
Special can make the cabbage type rape variety of green manure.
It is maternal from the rich oil of early maturing cabbage type cross-bred rape kind in the step (1) in above-mentioned selection
730.It is preferred that：Male parent in the step (1) is from the precocious early tongue 30 of Chinese cabbage tongue kind.It is preferred that partially precocious with cabbage type rape
Hybrid and precocious Chinese cabbage tongue kind are made parent and hybridized, then are returned with cabbage type rape, so can aid in fast
Speed obtains the cabbage type rape variety that special can make green manure of the present invention (early-maturing variety is more precocious more than 2 days than general kind).
In above-mentioned selection, in the step (2), the cabbage type rape hybrid for being returned can be wild cabbage
Type cross-bred rape rich oily 730.
In above-mentioned selection, in the step (4), it is maternal that selective staining body quantity levels off to cabbage type rape hybrid
Individual plant when can be BC1F2 field plants phenotypic character with after plant Microsporogenesis process combination pressed disc method microexamination
Determine.
In above-mentioned selection, in the step (5), the restricted objective trait also comprises at least following Objective
At least one of shape：Short breeding time, low-temperature resistance fecundity, mineral nutrition accumulation height, plant height.Technical scheme one
Change breeding objective of the current cabbage type rape variety based on high yield, high oil, the inertial thinking mode broken the normal procedure is strengthened with short
Breeding time is key limiting objective trait, pays attention to plant biological yield, dry-matter accumulation amount and whole florescence carbon-nitrogen ratio etc.
The selection of index, to be bred as the cabbage type rape of green manure tailored version, make its more meet green manure production the need for, be that rape is used as
Green manure provides new kind basis.
In above-mentioned selection, in the step (5), selection includes chromosome quantitative n=19 restricted Objective
It is true with after plant Microsporogenesis process combination pressed disc method microexamination in BC1F3 field plants phenotypic character during the individual plant of shape
Fixed.
In above-mentioned selection, the target selection of the short breeding time refers in ALFISOL IN CENTRAL (such as Changsha) autumn sowing
The Single-plant selection bloomed for 45-60 days；The target selection of the low-temperature resistance fecundity refers to normally tie the list at angle at 5 DEG C -10 DEG C
Select good strains in the field for seed and select；The high target selection of the mineral nutrition accumulation refers at least 90 days dries of ALFISOL IN CENTRAL (such as Changsha) autumn sowing
Single-plant selection of the accumulation up to 80-100g；The target selection of the plant height refers to maturity period plant height 110-130cm Single-plant selection.
In above-mentioned selection, preferably：In the step (6), inbreeding of more generation refers to up to obtaining BC1F8, described
Orientation system selection is oriented in turn in season in the low altitude area area in ALFISOL IN CENTRAL (such as Hunan), Diagnostic predictor fertility in 1 year two
Systematic selection.
Above-mentioned selection be from Brassica napus hybrid kind and Chinese cabbage tongue kind make parents, again with wild cabbage
Type rape is returned, the selection being combined using phenotypic character with cytology character, overcomes interspecific hybrid to be difficult to stable barrier
Hinder, and strengthen seed selection by many generations of restricted objective trait, be bred as both having that Chinese cabbage tongue kind vegetative growth phase is short, hair seedling
Fast the characteristics of, while having cabbage type rape high yield, the novel cabbage type rape kind of degeneration-resistant advantage.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1) the cabbage type rape variety plant strain growth that the inventive method is selected is fast, and green forage yield is high, dry-matter accumulation amount
Greatly；
2) the inventive method highly versatile, can be widely applied；
3) the cabbage type rape variety strong applicability that the inventive method is selected, all parts of the country can all be planted；
4) the cabbage type rape variety sowing time that the inventive method is selected is long, and spring, autumn can be sowed；
5) the cabbage type rape variety strong stress resistance that the inventive method is selected, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, resistance to stain；
6) the cabbage type rape variety seminal propagation rate that the inventive method is selected is high, and seed production cost is low.
Generally speaking, compared to traditional green manure such as Chinese milk vetch or ordinary cole, the cabbage type rape product that seed selection of the present invention is obtained
Plant and more meet new demand of the modern agriculture to green manure, the need for the kind can arrange in pairs or groups according to front and rear crop season, regulation sowing
Phase and green manuring time, it is adaptable to which the winter such as paddy field, non-irrigated soil, orchard or early spring turn over, and being one has the green of wide application prospect
Fertile kind.The present invention makes to obtain special green manure rape in agricultural production, produces more specification, benefit is higher, seed purity, net
Degree and germination percentage are more secure, and simplify Green manuring technology.By combining corresponding cultivation techniques measure, reduction can be reached
Farmland nitrogen fertilizer amount, the purpose for improving farmland soil improvement, with good popularizing application prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are the present invention
Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also basis
These accompanying drawings obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of selection in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is photo when No. 1 seed of oil fertilizer is mixed thoroughly with urea in the present embodiment.
Photo when Fig. 3 is broadcasted sowing after being mixed thoroughly for No. 1 seed of oil fertilizer in the present embodiment with urea with spray seeder.
Fig. 4 is the photo in the present embodiment during sowing post-trenching.
Fig. 5 is the fertile No. 1 seedling stage growing way photo of oil in the present embodiment.
Fig. 6 is BC1F2 segregating generations in fertile No. 1 Breeding Process of oil in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the seedling stage tree characteristics of oil fertilizer 1 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the maturity period plant trait of oil fertilizer 1 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the whole florescence group property of oil fertilizer 1 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, more complete is made to the present invention below in conjunction with Figure of description and preferred embodiment
Face, meticulously describe, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment in detail below.
Unless otherwise defined, the implication that all technical terms used hereinafter are generally understood that with those skilled in the art
It is identical.Technical term used herein is intended merely to describe the purpose of specific embodiment, is not intended to the limitation present invention
Protection domain.
Unless otherwise specified, various raw material, reagent, instrument and equipment used in the present invention etc. can be by city
Field is commercially available or can prepared by existing method.
Embodiment：
As shown in figure 1, by a kind of first seed selection of selection obtaining that the cabbage type rape variety of green manure, the choosing special can be made
Educate method and specifically include following steps：
(1) selection cabbage type rape hybrid obtains F1 generation hybridization for the maternal Chinese cabbage tongue progress interspecific hybridization with as male parent
Kind；Specifically, maternal is Hu'nan Prov. Crops Research Inst.'s seed selection from early maturing cabbage type cross-bred rape kind rich oily 730, rich oily 730
Kind F1 generation (one of its parent comes for turnip type rape with Brassica napus hybrid), is that prematureness is preferable in the market
Wild cabbage type kind, male parent is from the precocious early tongue 30 (in the market is bought) of Chinese cabbage tongue kind, with extremely early mature, heat-resisting resistance to jelly, bolting
Very competent the features such as；2008, by artificial pollination to foregoing male parent and maternal progress interspecific hybridization, 183 kinds were obtained altogether
Intermolecular hybrid kind；
(2) 2009 years, the F1 generation cenospecies that above-mentioned steps (1) are obtained is planted using strain, its field growing is consistent, table
The extremely strong hybrid vigour of F1 generation is showed, " rich oily 730 " backcrossing, is obtained the normal individual plant of growth selection with cabbage type rape hybrid
BC1F1 seeds；
(3) the BC1F1 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are cultivated, BC1F1 shows nutritional advantages and the florescence is more early；2010 right
10 individual plant plant division systems plantation of bagging selfing, obtains BC1F2 seeds；
(4) the BC1F2 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are cultivated, BC1F2 generations are in character violent segregation, particularly breeding time
Difference is extremely obvious, is bloomed and recorded respectively with individual plant, spends the difference on date to be up to 65 days at the beginning of between early blossoming and late flower individual plant, embodies
The huge hereditary difference of its breeding time change, selects special early blossoming (blooming for 45 days after emerging) and chromosome quantitative, morphology is inclined
Wild cabbage type individual plant (BC1F2 segregating population photos are shown in Fig. 6) bagging selfing, forms new selection colony BC1F3；
(5) the BC1F3 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are cultivated, BC1F3 sows 10 strains, more than 100 plants of each strain,
The individual plant of the inclined Chinese cabbage of morphology (long handle leaf phimosis) is eliminated in this colony, to inclined Wild cabbage type and 120 individual plants that biomass is big,
Its plant Microsporogenesis process is observed, normal 62 individual plants bagging selfing of selection meiosis (n=19) obtains BC1F4
Seed；It is also in BC1F3 field plant phenotypic characters during the individual plant of selective staining body quantity n=19 restricted objective trait
(such as leaf color is partially dark green, the phimosis of long handle leaf half, petal imbricate, the performance of seedling stage individual plant can be found in Fig. 7) and plant microspore
Forming process combination pressed disc method microexamination (chromosome n=19) is determined afterwards；
(6) the BC1F4 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are subjected to sowing cultivation, wherein 5 DEG C -10 DEG C of winter blooms normal not bud drop
(autumn sowing is bloomed for 45-60 days), angulation are normal and individual plant 35 of 120-130 centimetres of plant height is (as shown in figure 9, the whole florescence is solid just
Often), carry out after grain quality analysis, finally leave the individual plant 8 for wherein reaching " double low " standard；(seed erucic acid<1%, sulphur glycosides
<30μmol/g)；And total dry weight is at 16.9-20.1 grams, butt N, P, K element content be respectively 2.18%-4.17%,
0.35%-0.54%, 2.24%-3.18%；
(7) BC1F4 of above-mentioned acquisition is sowed into 8 strains, continue using the restricted objective trait in above-mentioned steps (6) as
Standard is screened, and offspring BC1F5-BC1F8 reinforcings is selected using early hair, prematureness, biomass as the orientation of main screening target
Select, using based on screening between system, be that system of selection selfing supplemented by interior screening is pure and mild, select homozygous lines；Begin within 2011, carry out
Hunan low altitude area area (35 meters of height above sea level) broadcasts to breed the positive last month of autumn to sow in spring plus generation with Diagnostic predictor (800 meters of height above sea level), strengthens to not equality of temperature
The selection of uniformity is developed under optical condition；Thus it is reciprocal, until the height that the seedling stage of incubation is consistent, the florescence is consistent, the maturity period is consistent
That spends homozygosis special can make the cabbage type rape variety of green manure.
The above-mentioned breeding process route system used utilizes interspecific hybridization, by the prematureness and cabbage type rape of turnip type rape
Resistance and yielding ability be combined, and then cultivate brand-new interspecific hybrid, then objective trait reinforcing is carried out to its offspring
Selection；In addition, above-mentioned selection utilizes backcrossing and field plant Phenotypic Observation and the micro- sight of microspore chromosome number
The method mutually confirmed is examined, interspecific hybrid is preferably solved and is difficult to homozygosis and stable technological difficulties, and each weight from generation to generation
Point is highlighted to precocial directed screening, also sets low-temperature resistance ability, plant soma material accumulation, short bar etc. many
Individual restricted objective trait, using breeding in Hunan low altitude area positive season and the multinomial breeding technology collection such as Diagnostic predictor summer numerous added-generation
Into finally having cultivated special can make the cabbage type rape variety of green manure --- we are named as " Brassica genus cabbage type rape oil
Fertilizer 1 ", can also claim " cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 ".The early onset that cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 had both had turnip type rape, such as
Reproductive growth can be transferred to by being not required to the period of vernalization, have the resistance and yielding ability of cabbage type rape again.
The cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 that seed selection is obtained in the present embodiment has been preserved in China typical culture collection center
(abbreviation CCTCC), deposit number is CCTCC P201507, and preservation day is on May 19th, 2015, and preservation organization address is in China
Wuhan University is in the school.
The breediness of seed selection is obtained in the present embodiment cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 (lower referred to as oil fertilizer 1) and main
Performance indications are as follows：
1. Growth period traits：Investigated through many years of field, each growing stage development of oil fertilizer 1 is synchronous, plant strain growth neat one
Cause, the time of infertility is varied from according to seedtime and annual temperature difference difference.(9-10 months are broadcast at a suitable temperature
Kind), it can bloom within 30-45 days, and angulation (the maximum difference with other crop in cruciferae) can be developed, but winter low temperature can be led
Embryo is caused to stop development, until restoration ecosystem after the spring.It is each to enter every year at the beginning of 11 months so that we sow experimental plot late September as an example
Enter initial bloom stage, December and be initially entered full-bloom stage, mid-December to start whole flower, retransmitted after the spring and continue to blossom and bear fruit, the whole florescence is extended down to
Mid-March next year, mid or late April Grain Ripening.The performance situation in each time of infertility in time is shown in Table 1.
Table 1：Oily No. 1 breeding time performance of fertilizer
2. Agronomic trait：" oil fertilizer 1 " is cabbage type rape, and photosynthetic and growth efficiency is of a relatively high, and biomass is big, does
Organic matter accumulation is more.By the end of September to live, 20,000 plants/acre or so of density at the beginning of 10 months, to about 1.5 meters of maturity period plant height, branch
Number 5-6, individual plant silique number 100-120, per seed number per pod 20-22,3.9 grams of mass of 1000 kernel.Variable rate technology is that seedling stage development is fast,
Tongue florescence uniformity is good, and stem branch is upright, is system of taproot crop, takes root deeper.As green manure biological superiority, substantially (oil is fertile No. 1
Colony and individual plant characteristic photo are shown in Fig. 7~9, and 2) survey data is shown in Table.
Table 2：No. 1 main plant trait expression (kernel maturity stage sampling) of oily fertilizer
3. nutrient accumulation：Oily fertilizer 1 has good nutrient accumulation ability, due to being turned over into kernel maturity stage, supports
Divide accumulation also above general rape green manure.According to field sampling detection on January 23rd, 2015, " oil fertilizer 1 " different sowing dates plant
Dry weight and butt imitate N, P, K content entirely and (rich oily 730) compare as shown in table 3 below with Chinese milk vetch, ordinary cole.
Table 3：No. 1 nutrient accumulation performance of different sowing dates oil fertilizer
4. resistance trait：The oil No. a kind of fertilizer has very strong cold tolerance, slow-growing below 5 DEG C of seedling stage, is resistant to
By -5 DEG C of low temperature.Florescence meets 10 DEG C or so of low temperature, basic to stop development, but can accomplish not bud drop, not fallen flowers, and temperature gos up
Restoration ecosystem afterwards.As bloomed before year and having tied angle, even if running into icing weather, cane do not ftracture still, do not endure cold, the not angle of fall, from
And grown after the spring that plant can be ensured.On the other hand, the capacity for the resistance to lodging of the kind is strong, and disease resistance is good.It is identified：The present embodiment
The oil fertilizer 1 selected is emerged to turning in the phase, sclerotiniose is showed no, beneficial to introducing a fine variety and promote.
5. quality trait：Being somebody's turn to do " oil fertilizer 1 " and being directed to is used for green manure production seed selection, and its grain quality has equally reached double low oil
Below dish national standard, the micromoles per gram of seed sulphur resources 19.27, content of erucic acid is not detected, oil content 37.16%.Therefore,
The kind, which is eaten raw, can be used as precocious tender flower stalk, enrich autumn and winter a kind of sedge food market, tender flower stalk per mu yield 500kg or so.Receive seed and squeeze high-quality rape oil,
Vegetable seed per mu yield is up to more than 70 kilograms.
Based on the fertile No. 1 above-mentioned growth characteristics of the oil and characteristic in breeding time, it disclosure satisfy that in cabbage type rape as green
Every particular/special requirement of fertilizer production.
No. 1 CCTCC P201507 of oil fertilizer of above-mentioned the present embodiment seed selection is used for the administration of green manure, following step is specifically included
Suddenly：
(1) sowing time is selected；Above-mentioned cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 is sowed in spring, autumn sowing, with specific reference to preceding making water content in harvest
And after make seedtime determination；
(2) preceding preparation is broadcast：Weeding is carried out in the sowing division of selection as needed, in the field for having weed growth, sowing
First 5 days, with the property killed herbicide weeding；Composite fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields before sowing；Composite fertilizer selects 15: 15: 15 composite fertilizer, and every mu is applied
With 10-15kg to reach the purpose of " changing big fertilizer with small fertilizer "；
(3) sow：The cabbage type rape oil fertilizer seed of No. 1 is mixed thoroughly (referring to Fig. 2) with urea；Arrived in mid-September then
When mid-November carries out autumn sowing, the mass ratio control of the seed and nitrogenous fertilizer of cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 is 0.4~1.0: 10, so
Afterwards mix thoroughly broadcasting sowing；When being sowed in spring to 2 months late January then, the mass ratio control of the seed and nitrogenous fertilizer of Canola oil fertilizer 1
Then system mix thoroughly broadcasting sowing (referring to Fig. 3) 1~1.5: 5；
(4) field management：After planting mechanically or manually hold " three ditches " successfully in time and (ditch, tap drain, railway carriage or compartment ditch are enclosed, referring to the ﹚ of figure 4；Will
Ask that bottom of trench is flat, ditch is communicated, accomplish that rain stops in ditch not ponding；The field of non-chemical weed control, sprays closing herbicide in time before broadcasting；
(5) pest control：Autumn and early winter attention control cabbage caterpillar, aphid, Liriomyza etc.；
(6) turn in good time：By cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 with it is a variety of cultivated including double cropping paddy rice, fruit tree or tobacco
Make system and the shift of crops rotation of crops to fatten soil；And need to be turned over according to rear season crop farming season；Turn over and be selected in the whole florescence
After, when sowing as autumn sowing, after autumn sowing 60~80 days, need to start to turn over according to crop-planting of lower season, the green manuring suitable phase
It is extended to April next year；When sowing to sow in spring, start to turn over (referring to Fig. 5) after sowing in spring 60~90 days；
(7) seed growing：Seed growing, which is selected at High aititude, breeds area and sows in spring and breed；Can be precocious in view of autumn sowing
Early pod causes Wintering Period embryo to endure cold and influence yield, thus High aititude breed area selection ALFISOL IN CENTRAL and height above sea level 800 meters with
On isolated area or positioned at Gansu, the spring rape area in Qinghai, to prevent mixing with other crop in cruciferae string powder；For breeding use
Original seed must purificate and rejuvenate, to ensure the kind feature of kind.
Demonstration performance and effect of increasing production
Test A：Anren, Liuyang experiment in 2014, " the oil fertilizer 1 " of the present embodiment seed selection are turned in before early rice rice transplanting, often
Per mu yield fresh grass 1997.43-2260kg (see the table below 4), dry organic matter is calculated by 78.06% water content, and its dry matter production reaches
Every mu of 438.24~495.84kg, is converted by N, P, K content 4.17%, 0.54%, 2.94%, and equivalent to every mu increase is pure
N18.2-20.7kg、P2.4-2.7kg、K12.9-14.6kg。
Table 4：" oil fertilizer 1 " experiment and demonstration main result (2013-2014)
Test B：Sow in spring within 2015 and test in Changsha, " oil fertilizer 1 " 2 months 1.5 kilograms of sowing quantities on the 1st are mixed with 5 kilograms of urea
Sowed after conjunction, April 30 surveyed production：Per per mu yield fresh grass 1560.5--1850kg.
Test C：After the experiment of Liuyang in 2014, October 15 late rice harvest, 45% 15 kilograms of composite fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields, Tian Wei is taken advantage of
Parch, after oily fertile No. 11 kilogram of seed is mixed with 10 kilograms of urea, be fitted into " peasant " seed spray seeder, and uniformly sow grass seeds by duster,
Then ditched with ditching machine, and and then with closing herbicide weeding.October 22 emerged, and November 20, seedling sealed row, December
Bloom within 15th, next year April 10 per day green forage yield up to 1997.43 kilograms.(see Fig. 2-4).
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fertile No. 1 application as green manure of cabbage type rape oil, it is characterised in that the Wild cabbage type oil as foregoing green manure
The cabbage type rape that rape oil fertilizer 1 is deposit number CCTCC P201507, preservation mechanism is in China typical culture collection
The heart, preservation day is on May 19th, 2015；The application specifically includes following steps：
（1）Select sowing time；
（2）Broadcast preceding preparation：Composite fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields before carrying out weeding, sowing in the sowing division of selection as needed；
（3）Sowing：Fertile No. 1 seed of cabbage type rape oil is mixed thoroughly with nitrogenous fertilizer within sowing time and broadcasted sowing；
（4）Field management：After planting mechanically or manually ditched in time；It is required that bottom of trench is flat, ditch is communicated；
（5）Pest control；
（6）Turn in good time：Need to be turned over according to rear season crop farming season；
（7）Seed growing；
The selection of the cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1, comprises the following steps：
a）Selection cabbage type rape hybrid obtains F1 generation cenospecies for the maternal Chinese cabbage tongue progress interspecific hybridization with as male parent；Institute
State step a）In it is maternal from early maturing cabbage type cross-bred rape kind rich oily 730, male parent is from the precocious early tongue of Chinese cabbage tongue kind
30；
b）By step a）The F1 generation cenospecies of acquisition is returned with cabbage type rape hybrid, obtains BC1F1 seeds；
c）The BC1F1 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are cultivated, and it is carried out selfing, BC1F2 seeds are obtained；
d）The BC1F2 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are cultivated, it is maternal that selective staining body quantity levels off to cabbage type rape hybrid
Individual plant carries out selfing, obtains BC1F3 seeds；
e）The BC1F3 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are cultivated, restricted objective trait of the selection comprising chromosome quantitative n=19
Individual plant carries out selfing, obtains BC1F4 seeds；
f）The BC1F4 seeds of above-mentioned acquisition are carried out during follow-up inbreeding of more generation, inbreeding of more generation with the short breeding time of plant
For key limiting objective trait, and carry out be interior uniformity orientation system selection, can until obtain strain high homogenous
The special cabbage type rape variety for making green manure.
2. application according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1）In, autumn sowing is selected as sowing time, and
The specific time of autumn sowing is mid-September to mid-November then.
3. application according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：During autumn sowing, by the cabbage type rape oil fertilizer seed of No. 1
Mix thoroughly broadcasting sowing by 0.4~1.0: 10 mass ratio with urea.
4. application according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1）In, selection was sowed in spring as sowing time, and
The specific time sowed in spring was late January then to 2 months.
5. application according to claim 4, it is characterised in that during spring sowing, by the cabbage type rape oil fertilizer seed of No. 1
Mix thoroughly broadcasting sowing by 1~1.5: 5 mass ratio with urea.
6. according to application according to any one of claims 1 to 5, it is characterised in that by cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 with
Double cropping paddy rice, fruit tree or tobacco crop rotation are to fatten soil；And need to be turned over according to rear season crop farming season.
7. application according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described to turn over selection after the whole florescence.
8. application according to claim 7, it is characterised in that when the sowing is autumn sowing, after autumn sowing 60~80 days, root
Need to start to turn over according to crop-planting of lower season, the green manuring suitable phase is extended to April next year；When the sowing is sows in spring, in spring sowing 60
Start to turn over after~90 days.
9. according to application according to any one of claims 1 to 5, it is characterised in that the seed growing is selected at high sea
Pull out to breed area and sow in spring and breed.
10. application according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the High aititude breeds ALFISOL IN CENTRAL and the sea that area refers to
Pull out isolated area more than 800 meters or positioned at Gansu, the spring rape area in Qinghai.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1335143A1 (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1987-09-07 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт По Защите Почв От Эрозии | Method of cultivating potato on slopes |
| CN102273368A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-14 | 中国水稻研究所 | Planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during flowering stage |
| CN103460952A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2013-12-25 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Method of performing mixed sowing of astragalus sinicus and oilseed rape and returning green manures to field |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1335143A1 (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1987-09-07 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт По Защите Почв От Эрозии | Method of cultivating potato on slopes |
| CN102273368A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-14 | 中国水稻研究所 | Planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during flowering stage |
| CN103460952A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2013-12-25 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Method of performing mixed sowing of astragalus sinicus and oilseed rape and returning green manures to field |
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