CN105009765A - Applications of brassica napus oil fertilizer 1# as green manure - Google Patents
Applications of brassica napus oil fertilizer 1# as green manure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to applications of a brassica napus oil fertilizer 1# as a green manure, wherein the brassica napus oil fertilizer 1# adopted as the green manure is the brassica napus with the preservation number of CCTCC P201507, and is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on May 19, 2015. The applications concretely comprise: (1) selecting a sowing period; (2) according to the requirement, weeding in a selected sowing area, and applying a composite fertilizer before sowing; (3) uniformly spreading the seeds of the brassica napus oil fertilizer 1# and a nitrogen fertilizer; (4) after the sowing, timely ditching in a mechanical or manual manner, wherein the ditch bottom is flat and the ditches are communicated; (5) carrying out insect pest prevention and control; (6) carrying out flipping and pressing according to the post-season crop farming season requirement; and (7) carrying out seed breeding. According to the present invention, the brassica napus oil fertilizer 1# has characteristics of short growth period, strong adaptability, high biological yield, low seed production cost, soil improving, and culture fertility improving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the application of a kind of crops, particularly relate to the application of a kind of new rape variety as green manure.
Background technology
In China's traditional farming, green manure is as one of biological nitrogen, organic manure important sources, and its cultivation and utilization have consequence and meaning.20 century 70s are China's Green manuring peak periods, and cultivated area reaches more than 200,000,000 mu, and afterwards because of factor impacts such as Planter industry structure adjustment, rotation system reform, cropping index raising, fertilizer amount increase considerably, green manure area reduces year by year.But owing to using chemical fertilizer in a large number, Rate of Organic Fertilizer significantly reduces, which results in soil physico-chemical property and become bad, farming operation layer shoals, and the content of organic matter declines, and constrains the sustainable production capacity of soil.Along with government pays much attention to and the enhancing of peasant's Soil building consciousness since this century, green manure area increases just year by year.But green manure is more and more less as crop nutrition content its meaning of originating in modern agriculture, improvement soil, culture fertility, guarantee crops high quality and stable yield, Developing Sustainable Agriculture, to preserve the ecological environment etc. in then there is very important strategic importance.
At present, in production, the green manure of application mainly comprises the crop in cruciferae such as legume and ordinary cole such as Chinese milk vetch, the defects such as its ubiquity sowing time is narrow, grow slowly, biomass is less than normal, adaptability is strong, seed costs is high, how a kind of green manure more meeting modern agriculture requirement of seed selection, significant to those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcome the deficiency and defect mentioned in above background technology, there is provided a kind of cabbage type rape oil fertile No. 1 application as green manure, not only breeding time is short, strong adaptability, biological yield are high, seed produces cost is low for this fertile No. 1 of cabbage type rape oil, and the farmland such as the paddy field of the similar ecotope such as ALFISOL IN CENTRAL, non-irrigated soil, orchard can be widely used in as green manure, there is the remarkable result of improvement soil, culture fertility.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is fertile No. 1 application as green manure of a kind of cabbage type rape oil, No. 1, the cabbage type rape oil fertilizer as aforementioned green manure is the cabbage type rape of deposit number CCTCC P201507, preservation mechanism is China typical culture collection center, and preservation day is on May 19th, 2015; Described application specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing time is selected;
(2) front preparation is broadcast: in the sowing division selected, carry out weeding as required, before sowing, spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer; Described composite fertilizer preferably 15: 15: 15 composite fertilizer, and every mu is used 10-15kg to reach the object of " changing large fertilizer with little fertilizer ";
(3) sow: the seed of described fertile No. 1 of cabbage type rape oil and nitrogenous fertilizer (preferred urea) are mixed thoroughly and broadcasted sowing;
(4) field management: after planting machinery or manually ditch in time; Require that bottom of trench is flat, ditch communicates;
(5) pest control;
(6) turn over: turn over according to rear season crop needs in farming season in good time;
(7) seed growing.
In above-mentioned application, in described step (1), sowing preferably adopts autumn sowing mode, particularly preferably in carrying out autumn sowing mid-September to mid-November then.During autumn sowing, the fertile seed of No. 1 of described cabbage type rape oil and the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer preferably control 0.4 ~ 1.0: 10, then carry out mixing thoroughly broadcasting sowing.
In above-mentioned application, in described step (1), sowing preferably adopts spring sowing mode, particularly preferably in late January sowed in spring to February then.During spring sowing, the fertile seed of No. 1 of described Canola oil and the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer preferably control 1 ~ 1.5: 5, then carry out mixing thoroughly broadcasting sowing.
In above-mentioned application, preferably, by fertile for described cabbage type rape oil No. 1 with comprise double cropping paddy rice, the multiple cropping system of fruit tree or tobacco and shift of crops and rotate crops to fatten soil; And turn over according to rear season crop needs in farming season.Describedly to turn over particularly preferably in after the whole florescence.When described sowing is autumn sowing, in autumn sowing after 60 ~ 80 days, need can start to turn over according to crop-planting of lower season, green manuring is suitable for the phase and is extended to April next year; When described sowing is for sowing in spring, start to turn over after 60 ~ 90 days in spring sowing.
In above-mentioned application, preferably, described seed growing is selected at High aititude and breeds district and sow in spring and breed.Consider that autumn sowing can cause Wintering Period embryo endure cold and affect output by precocious early pod, therefore described High aititude is bred district and is more preferably referred to ALFISOL IN CENTRAL and the isolated area of height above sea level more than 800 meters or be positioned at the spring rape district in Gansu, Qinghai, in case mix with other crop in cruciferae string powder.
The selection of fertile No. 1 of the cabbage type rape oil used in the application of the invention described above, comprises the following steps:
(1) cabbage type rape hybrid is selected to be maternal carry out interspecific cross with the Chinese cabbage tongue as male parent and obtain F1 generation crossbreed;
(2) F1 generation crossbreed step (1) obtained and cabbage type rape hybrid backcross, and obtain BC1F1 seed;
(3) the BC1F1 seed of above-mentioned acquisition is cultivated, and make it carry out selfing, obtain BC1F2 seed;
(4) cultivated by the BC1F2 seed of above-mentioned acquisition, selective staining body quantity levels off to the individual plant of cabbage type rape hybrid female parent and carries out selfing, obtains BC1F3 seed;
(5) the BC1F3 seed of above-mentioned acquisition is cultivated, select the individual plant comprising the restricted objective trait of chromosome quantity n=19 to carry out selfing, obtain BC1F4 seed;
(6) the BC1F4 seed of above-mentioned acquisition is carried out follow-up inbreeding of more generation, be key limiting objective trait with the short breeding time of plant in inbreeding of more generation process, and carry out being that interior conforming orientation system is selected, until obtain the cabbage type rape variety specially can making green manure of strain high homogenous.
In above-mentioned selection, the female parent in described step (1) selects early maturing cabbage type cross-bred rape kind rich oily 730.Preferred: the male parent in described step (1) selects precocious Chinese cabbage tongue kind early tongue 30.Preferably hybridize as parent by the partially precocious Hybrid of cabbage type rape and precocious Chinese cabbage tongue kind, backcross with cabbage type rape again, can contribute to like this obtaining the cabbage type rape variety (early-maturing variety is than general kind precocity more than 2 days) specially can making green manure of the present invention fast.
In above-mentioned selection, in described step (2), the cabbage type rape hybrid for carrying out backcrossing can be cabbage type rape hybrid rich oily 730.
In above-mentioned selection, in described step (4), selective staining body quantity level off to the individual plant of cabbage type rape hybrid female parent time can determine after plant Microsporogenesis process is in conjunction with pressed disc method microexamination at BC1F2 field plant phenotypic character.
In above-mentioned selection, in described step (5), described restricted objective trait also at least comprises at least one in following objective trait: short breeding time, anti-fruiting performances at low temperature, mineral nutrition accumulation are high, plant height.Technical scheme of the present invention changes current cabbage type rape variety based on the breeding objective of high yield, high oil, off the beaten track inertial thinking mode, strengthen to be short breeding time key limiting objective trait, pay attention to the selection of the indexs such as plant biological yield, dry-matter accumulation amount and whole florescence C/N ratio, to be bred as the cabbage type rape of green manure tailored version, make it more meet the needs of green manure production, provide novel kind basis for rape is used as green manure.
In above-mentioned selection, in described step (5), select to determine after plant Microsporogenesis process is in conjunction with pressed disc method microexamination at BC1F3 field plant phenotypic character when comprising the individual plant of the restricted objective trait of chromosome quantity n=19.
In above-mentioned selection, the target selection of described short breeding time refers to the Single-plant selection of blooming at ALFISOL IN CENTRAL (such as Changsha) autumn sowing 45-60 days; The target selection of described anti-fruiting performances at low temperature refers to the Single-plant selection normally can tying angle at 5 DEG C-10 DEG C; The target selection that described mineral nutrition accumulation is high refers to that ALFISOL IN CENTRAL (such as Changsha) autumn sowing at least 90 days dry-matter accumulations reach the Single-plant selection of 80-100g; The target selection of described plant height refers to the Single-plant selection of maturing stage plant height 110-130cm.
In above-mentioned selection, preferred: in described step (6), inbreeding of more generation refers to until obtain BC1F8, described orientation system select be in the low altitude area district in ALFISOL IN CENTRAL (such as Hunan), Diagnostic predictor 1 year two fertility carries out orientation system selection in season in turn.
Above-mentioned selection selects Brassica napus hybrid kind and Chinese cabbage tongue kind to make parents, backcross with cabbage type rape, utilize the selection that phenotypic character combines with cytology proterties, overcome species hybrid and be difficult to stable obstacle, and strengthen seed selections by many generations of restricted objective trait, be bred as both had Chinese cabbage tongue kind vegetative growth phase short, send out the fast feature of seedling, there is the novel cabbage type rape kind of cabbage type rape high yield, degeneration-resistant advantage simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the cabbage type rape variety plant strain growth that selects of the inventive method is fast, and green forage yield is high, and dry-matter accumulation amount is large;
2) the inventive method highly versatile, can spread;
3) the cabbage type rape variety applicability that selects of the inventive method is strong, and all parts of the country all can be planted;
4) cabbage type rape variety that selects of the inventive method is long for sowing time, and spring, autumn all can be sowed;
5) the cabbage type rape variety strong stress resistance that selects of the inventive method, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, resistance to stain;
6) the cabbage type rape variety seminal propagation rate that selects of the inventive method is high, and seed produces cost is low.
Generally speaking, compare traditional green manure such as Chinese milk vetch or ordinary cole, the cabbage type rape variety that seed selection of the present invention obtains more meets the new demand of modern agriculture to green manure, this kind can according to the needs of front and back crop collocation in season, regulate sowing time and green manuring time, being applicable to turn in paddy field, the drought winter such as soil, orchard or early spring, is a green manure kind with wide application prospect.The present invention makes agricultural production to obtain special green manure rape, and produce more specification, benefit is higher, and seed purity, cleanliness and germination rate are more secure, and simplifies Green manuring technology.By in conjunction with corresponding cultivation techniques measure, the object reducing farmland nitrogen fertilizer amount, improve farmland soil improvement can be reached, there is good popularizing application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of selection in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is photo when fertile No. 1 seed of oil and urea are mixed thoroughly in the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is that in the present embodiment, photo when rear spray seeder broadcasts sowing mixed thoroughly by fertile No. 1 seed of oil and urea.
Fig. 4 is photo when after planting ditching in the present embodiment.
Fig. 5 be in the present embodiment oil fertile No. 1 seedling stage growing way photo.
Fig. 6 is BC1F2 segregative generation in fertile No. 1 Breeding Process of oil in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the tree characteristics in seedling stage of fertile No. 1 of oil in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the maturing stage plant trait of fertile No. 1 of oil in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the fertile No. 1 whole florescence group property of oil in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, hereafter will do to describe more comprehensively, meticulously to the present invention in conjunction with Figure of description and preferred embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following specific embodiment.
Unless otherwise defined, hereinafter used all technical terms are identical with the implication that those skilled in the art understand usually.The object of technical term used herein just in order to describe specific embodiment is not be intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the various raw material, reagent, instrument and equipment etc. used in the present invention are all bought by market and are obtained or prepare by existing method.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, obtain by the first seed selection of a kind of selection the cabbage type rape variety specially can making green manure, this selection specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cabbage type rape hybrid is selected to be maternal carry out interspecific cross with the Chinese cabbage tongue as male parent and obtain F1 generation crossbreed; Concrete, female parent selects early maturing cabbage type cross-bred rape kind rich oily 730, rich oily 730 is Hu'nan Prov. Crops Research Inst.'s Cultivars F1 generation (one of its parent is for turnip type rape is with Brassica napus hybrid), it is the good Wild cabbage type kind of prematurity in the market, male parent selects precocious Chinese cabbage tongue kind early tongue 30 (market is buied), there is extremely early mature, heat-resistingly resistance toly to freeze, the features such as bolting is very competent; 2008, by artificial pollination, interspecific cross is carried out to aforementioned male parent and female parent, obtain 183 interspecific hybrids altogether;
(2) 2009 years, adopt strain plantation to the F1 generation crossbreed that above-mentioned steps (1) obtains, its field growing is consistent, has showed the hybrid vigour that F1 generation is extremely strong, the normal individual plant of growth selection and cabbage type rape hybrid " rich oily 730 " backcross, and obtain BC1F1 seed;
(3) cultivated by the BC1F1 seed of above-mentioned acquisition, BC1F1 shows nutritional advantages and comparatively morning at florescence; Within 2010, divide strain to plant to 10 individual plants of bagging selfing, obtain BC1F2 seed;
(4) the BC1F2 seed of above-mentioned acquisition is cultivated, in BC1F2 generation, is all in proterties violent segregation, particularly breeding time, difference was extremely obvious, bloom with individual plant and record respectively, the difference on date is spent to reach 65 days at the beginning of between early blossoming and slow flower individual plant, embody the huge hereditary difference of its breeding time of change, select special early blossoming (emerge and bloom for latter 45 days) and Wild cabbage type individual plant (Fig. 6 is shown in by BC1F2 segregation population photo) the bagging selfing all partially of chromosome quantity, morphology, form new selection colony BC1F3;
(5) the BC1F3 seed of above-mentioned acquisition is cultivated, BC1F3 sows 10 strains, more than the strain of each strain 100, the individual plant of the inclined Chinese cabbage of morphology (long handle leaf phimosis) is eliminated in this colony, to inclined Wild cabbage type and 120 individual plants that biomass is large, observe its plant Microsporogenesis process, select normal 62 individual plant baggings selfing of reduction division (n=19), obtain BC1F4 seed; Also be determine after plant Microsporogenesis process is in conjunction with pressed disc method microexamination (chromosome n=19) at BC1F3 field plant phenotypic character (such as leaf colour cast dark green, long handle leaf half phimosis, petal imbricate etc., individual plant performance in seedling stage can see Fig. 7) during the individual plant of the restricted objective trait of selective staining body quantity n=19;
(6) the BC1F4 seed of above-mentioned acquisition is carried out sowing cultivation, normal and the individual plant 35 of plant height 120-130 centimetre of normal not bud drop (autumn sowing 45-60 days is bloomed), the angulation of wherein blooming winter 5 DEG C-10 DEG C (as shown in Figure 9, the whole florescence is solid normal), after carrying out grain quality analysis, finally leave the individual plant 8 wherein reaching " two low " standard; (seed erucic acid <1%, sulphur glycosides <30 μm of ol/g); And total dry weight is at 16.9-20.1 gram, butt N, P, K element content are respectively 2.18%-4.17%, 0.35%-0.54%, 2.24%-3.18%;
(7) BC1F4 of above-mentioned acquisition is sowed 8 strains, continuing with the restricted objective trait in above-mentioned steps (6) is that standard is screened, make that offspring BC1F5-BC1F8 strengthens early to send out, prematurity, biomass are the M8003 line mainly screening target, adopt screening between system is main, to be interior screening be, and auxiliary system of selection selfing is pure and mild, selects homozygous lines; Within 2011, begin, carry out low altitude area district, Hunan (height above sea level 35 meters) and broadcast the positive last month of autumn and breed with Diagnostic predictor (height above sea level 800 meters) that sowing in spring adds generation, strengthen and grow conforming selection under different Thermo-Photo sensitive; Reciprocal thus, until the cabbage type rape variety specially can making green manure of the high homogenous that seedling stage is consistent, the florescence is consistent, the maturing stage is consistent be bred as.
The above-mentioned breeding process route system adopted utilizes interspecific cross, the prematurity of turnip type rape is combined with the resistance of cabbage type rape and yielding ability, and then cultivates brand-new interspecific hybrid, then carries out objective trait strengthening selection to its offspring, in addition, above-mentioned selection utilizes and backcrosses and method that field plant Phenotypic Observation and the microexamination of microspore chromosome number are confirmed mutually, solve species hybrid to be preferably difficult to isozygoty and stable technological difficulties, and each generation given prominence to the key points to precocial directed screening, also set anti-low temperature ability, plant soma substance accumulation amount, multiple restricted objective trait such as short bar, adopt breed in Hunan low altitude area positive season with the multinomial breeding technology such as Diagnostic predictor summer numerous added-generation integrated, finally cultivate the cabbage type rape variety specially can making green manure---our called after " fertile No. 1 of Brassica genus cabbage type rape oil ", also can claim " fertile No. 1 of cabbage type rape oil ".Fertile No. 1 early onset of both having had a turnip type rape of this cabbage type rape oil, if do not needed to proceed to reproductive growth vernalization stage, has again the resistance of cabbage type rape and a yielding ability.
Fertile No. 1 of the cabbage type rape oil that in the present embodiment, seed selection obtains has been preserved in China typical culture collection center (being called for short CCTCC), deposit number is CCTCC P201507, preservation day is on May 19th, 2015, and preservation organization address is in Wuhan, China institution of higher education.
Breediness and the main performance index of fertile No. 1 of the cabbage type rape oil (lower fertile No. 1 of abbreviation oil) that in the present embodiment, seed selection obtains are as follows:
1. Growth period traits: through many years of field investigation, the fertile No. 1 each growing stage of oil is grown synchronous, and plant strain growth neat and consistent, the time of infertility changes to some extent according to seedtime and annual temperature difference difference.At suitable temperature (9-10 month is sowed), within 30-45 days, can bloom, and angulation (with the difference that other crop in cruciferae are maximum) can be grown, but winter low temperature can cause embryo's stasi, until restoration ecosystem after the spring.Sow experimental field late September for us, each every year in entering initial bloom stage at the beginning of 11 months, enter full-bloom stage at the beginning of 12 months, mid-December starts whole flower, retransmit after the spring and continue to blossom and bear fruit, the florescence at end is extended down to mid-March next year, mid or late April Grain Ripening.The performance situation in each time of infertility in time is in table 1.
Table 1: the fertile performance No. 1 breeding time of oil
2. Agronomic trait: " fertile No. 1 of oil " is cabbage type rape, and photosynthetic relatively high with growth efficiency, biomass is large, and dry organic matter accumulation is many.Live at the beginning of by the end of September to 10 month, density about 20,000 plants/acre, to maturing stage plant height about 1.5 meters, branch amount 5-6, individual plant angle fruit number 100-120, every seed number per pod 20-22 grain, thousand kernel weight 3.9 grams.Variable rate technology is grow soon seedling stage, and tongue florescence uniformity is good, and stem branch is upright, is system of taproot crop, takes root darker.As green manure biological superiority obviously (Fig. 7 ~ 9 are shown in by fertile No. 1 colony of oil and individual plant characteristic photo, and survey data is in table 2).
Table 2: the fertile No. 1 main plant the Characters (kernel maturity stage sampling) of oil
3. nutrient accumulation: fertile No. 1 of oil has good nutrient accumulation ability, and owing to being enter kernel maturity stage to turn over, nutrient accumulation also exceedes general rape green manure.Detect according to field sampling on January 23rd, 2015, " fertile No. 1 of oil " different sowing dates plant weights and butt are entirely imitated N, P, K content and contrast as shown in table 3 below with Chinese milk vetch, ordinary cole (rich oily 730).
Table 3: the fertile No. 1 nutrient accumulation performance of different sowing dates oil
4. resistance trait: fertile No. a kind of this oil has very strong cold tolerance, and seedling stage, less than 5 DEG C poor growths, can tolerate-5 DEG C of low temperature.Florescence meets the low temperature of about 10 DEG C, basic stasi, but can accomplish not bud drop, not fallen flowers, restoration ecosystem after temperature gos up.As bloomed before year and tying angle, even if run into icing weather, cane does not still ftracture, do not endure cold, the not angle of fall, thus grows after the spring that can ensure plant corpus.On the other hand, the capacity for the resistance to lodging of this kind is strong, and disease resistance is good.Through qualification: fertile No. 1 of the oil that the present embodiment selects is emerged to turning in the phase, being showed no stalk break and occurring, being beneficial to and introducing a fine variety and promote.
5. quality trait: should " oil fertile No. 1 " for for green manure production seed selection, its grain quality reaches double-low rapeseed national standard equally, and below seed sulphur resources 19.27 micromoles per gram, content of erucic acid does not detect, oil content 37.16%.Therefore, this kind is eaten raw and be can be used as precocious tender flower stalk, enriches autumn and winter a kind of sedge food market, tender flower stalk per mu yield about 500kg.Receive seed and squeeze high-quality rape oil, vegetable seed per mu yield can reach more than 70 kilograms.
Based on above-mentioned growth characteristics and the characteristic in breeding time of fertile No. 1 of this oil, it can be satisfied with every particular/special requirement that cabbage type rape is used as green manure production.
Fertile for the oil of above-mentioned the present embodiment seed selection No. 1 CCTCC P201507 is used for using of green manure, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing time is selected; Fertile No. 1 spring sowing of above-mentioned cabbage type rape oil, autumn sowing, specifically according to previous crops water content in harvest and after determine as seedtime;
(2) front preparation is broadcast: in the sowing division selected, carry out weeding as required, in the field having weed growth, sow first 5 days, with the weeding of the property killed weed killer herbicide; Composite fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields before sowing; The composite fertilizer of 15: 15: 15 is selected by composite fertilizer, and every mu is used 10-15kg to reach the object of " changing large fertilizer with little fertilizer ";
(3) sow: the seed of fertile No. 1 of cabbage type rape oil and urea are mixed thoroughly (see Fig. 2); When mid-September to mid-November carries out autumn sowing then, the fertile seed of No. 1 of cabbage type rape oil and the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer control 0.4 ~ 1.0: 10, then carry out mixing thoroughly broadcasting sowing; When late January sowed in spring to February then, the fertile seed of No. 1 of Canola oil and the mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer control 1 ~ 1.5: 5, then carry out mixing thoroughly and broadcast sowing (see Fig. 3);
(4) field management: after planting machinery or manually hold " three ditches " in time successfully and (enclose ditch, tap drain, railway carriage or compartment ditch, see figure 4 ﹚; Require that bottom of trench is flat, ditch communicates, accomplish that rain to stop in ditch not ponding; The field of non-chemical weed control before broadcasting, sprays closed weed killer herbicide in time;
(5) pest control: autumn and early winter attention control cabbage caterpillar, aphid, Liriomyza etc.;
(6) turn in good time: by fertile for cabbage type rape oil No. 1 with comprise double cropping paddy rice, the multiple cropping system of fruit tree or tobacco and shift of crops and rotate crops to fatten soil; And turn over according to rear season crop needs in farming season; Turn over after being selected in the whole florescence, when sowing as autumn sowing, in autumn sowing after 60 ~ 80 days, need can start to turn over according to crop-planting of lower season, green manuring is suitable for the phase and is extended to April next year; When sowing is for sowing in spring, start to turn over (see Fig. 5) after 60 ~ 90 days in spring sowing;
(7) seed growing: seed growing is selected at High aititude and breeds district and sow in spring and breed; Consider that autumn sowing can cause Wintering Period embryo endure cold and affect output by precocious early pod, therefore High aititude breeds selection ALFISOL IN CENTRAL, district and the isolated area of height above sea level more than 800 meters or be positioned at the spring rape district in Gansu, Qinghai, in case mix with other crop in cruciferae string powder; Original seed for breeding must be purificated and rejuvenated, to guarantee the kind feature of kind.
Demonstration performance and effect of increasing production
Experiment A:2014 Anren, Liuyang test, " fertile No. 1 of the oil " of the present embodiment seed selection is turned over before early rice rice transplanting, the fresh careless 1997.43-2260kg of every per mu yield (seeing the following form 4), dry organic matter is calculated by 78.06% water content, its dry matter production reaches every mu of 438.24 ~ 495.84kg, convert by N, P, K content 4.17%, 0.54%, 2.94%, being equivalent to every mu increases pure N18.2-20.7kg, P 2.4-2.7kg, K12.9-14.6kg.
Table 4: " fertile No. 1 of oil " experiment and demonstration main result (2013-2014)
Experiment B:2015 sows in spring in Changsha and tests, and " fertile No. 1 of oil " sowing quantity on February 1 1.5 kilograms, sow after mixing with 5 kilograms of urea, April 30 surveyed product: every fresh careless 1560.5--1850kg of per mu yield.
The test of experiment C:2014 Liuyang, October 15 late rice results after, spread fertilizer over the fields the composite fertilizer 15 kilograms of 45%, take advantage of Tian Wei to parch, after fertile for oil 1 kilogram, No. 1 seed is mixed with 10 kilograms of urea, load in " peasant " seed spray seeder, and evenly sow grass seeds by duster, then with ditching machine trench digging, and and then with closing weed killer herbicide weeding.October 22 emerged, and November 20, seedling sealed row, and December 15 bloomed, and April 10 next year, per day green forage yield reached 1997.43 kilograms.(see Fig. 2-4).
Claims (10)
1. fertile No. 1 application as green manure of cabbage type rape oil, it is characterized in that, No. 1, the cabbage type rape oil fertilizer as aforementioned green manure is the cabbage type rape of deposit number CCTCC P201507, and preservation mechanism is China typical culture collection center, and preservation day is on May 19th, 2015; Described application specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing time is selected;
(2) front preparation is broadcast: in the sowing division selected, carry out weeding as required, before sowing, spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer;
(3) sow: within sowing time, the seed of described fertile No. 1 of cabbage type rape oil and nitrogenous fertilizer are mixed thoroughly and broadcast sowing;
(4) field management: after planting machinery or manually ditch in time; Require that bottom of trench is flat, ditch communicates;
(5) pest control;
(6) turn over: turn over according to rear season crop needs in farming season in good time;
(7) seed growing.
2. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), selects autumn sowing as sowing time, concrete time of autumn sowing be then mid-September to mid-November.
3. application according to claim 2, is characterized in that: during autumn sowing, by the seed of fertile No. 1 of described cabbage type rape oil and urea by 0.4 ~ 1.0: 10 mass ratio carry out mixing thoroughly broadcasting sowing.
4. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), selects to sow in spring as sowing time, concrete time of spring sowing be then late January to February.
5. application according to claim 4, is characterized in that, during spring sowing, by the seed of fertile No. 1 of described cabbage type rape oil and urea by 1 ~ 1.5: 5 mass ratio carry out mixing thoroughly broadcasting sowing.
6. the application according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that, by fertile for described cabbage type rape oil No. 1 with comprise double cropping paddy rice, the multiple cropping system of fruit tree or tobacco and shift of crops and rotate crops to fatten soil; And turn over according to rear season crop needs in farming season.
7. application according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described in turn over and select after the whole florescence.
8. application according to claim 7, is characterized in that, when described sowing is autumn sowing, in autumn sowing after 60 ~ 80 days, need to start to turn over according to crop-planting of lower season, green manuring is suitable for the phase and is extended to April next year; When described sowing is for sowing in spring, start to turn over after 60 ~ 90 days in spring sowing.
9. the application according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that, described seed growing is selected at High aititude and breeds district and sow in spring and breed.
10. application according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described High aititude is bred isolated area more than 800 meters of ALFISOL IN CENTRAL and height above sea level that district refers to or is positioned at the spring rape district in Gansu, Qinghai.
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| CN201510332272.6A CN105009765B (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2015-06-16 | Fertile No. 1 application as green manure of cabbage type rape oil |
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| CN106717881A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南省作物研究所 | The implantation methods of cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 |
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| CN102273368A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-14 | 中国水稻研究所 | Planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during flowering stage |
| CN103460952A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2013-12-25 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Method of performing mixed sowing of astragalus sinicus and oilseed rape and returning green manures to field |
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| CN102273368A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-14 | 中国水稻研究所 | Planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during flowering stage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106717881A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南省作物研究所 | The implantation methods of cabbage type rape oil fertilizer 1 |
| CN106717881B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2020-04-14 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Planting method of cabbage type rape oil fertilizer No. 1 |
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