CN110934049A - Rice field fertilizer decrement and efficiency improvement method - Google Patents
Rice field fertilizer decrement and efficiency improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110934049A CN110934049A CN201911206299.5A CN201911206299A CN110934049A CN 110934049 A CN110934049 A CN 110934049A CN 201911206299 A CN201911206299 A CN 201911206299A CN 110934049 A CN110934049 A CN 110934049A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing and enhancing fertilizer in rice field, which comprises the following steps: before rice is harvested, astragalus sinicus seeds and calcium superphosphate are uniformly mixed and spread in a rice field, straws are crushed and cover the rice field when the rice is harvested, autumn drenching is avoided by ditching around the straws in time, the astragalus sinicus blooming period and the rice straws of the previous season are ploughed together and returned to the field, and the rice is planted after retting for a period of time. The invention provides a cultivation technology for covering rice straws with cold resistance to promote growth of rice field green manure, reducing chemical nitrogen fertilizer input for rice planting, reducing pollution and increasing rice income, aiming at the problems that rice oil or rice and wheat paddy-dry rotation areas in southwest areas are abandoned in winter and have poor cold resistance of the rice field green manure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for reducing and increasing the amount of fertilizer in a rice field.
Background
The crop rotation fallow system is an effective way for solving the sustainable development of modern agriculture. The green manure is widely applied as an ideal crop for fertilizing the land capability in the fallow period. Rice oil or rice and wheat rotation is an important agricultural planting system in China, and in recent years, due to labor shortage, seasonal fallow in winter and direct abandon of rice straws become a common phenomenon.
The rice field in the rice oil or rice and wheat rotation area has long winter idle period and continuously enlarged leisure area, and the planting potential of the green manure astragalus sinicus is increased. The utilization of straw and green manure resources in the rice field is an effective measure for replacing fertilizer nutrients so as to reduce the application amount of the fertilizer. Both of them are relatively clean organic fertilizer resources, and as natural sources of rice field nutrients, the organic fertilizer resources enable the replacement of fertilizer nutrients.
The paddy field and the dry field are used for rotation, the climate is dry in dry farming seasons, the temperature is low, the soil moisture preservation and heat preservation effects of rice fields in winter fallow are poor, and the seedling emergence and the growth of green manure are not facilitated. The straw covering of the rice field has obvious effects of preserving soil moisture and heat, can effectively solve the problems of poor seedling emergence and poor cold resistance of no-tillage green manure of the rice field, and can improve the quality of the rice field by turning over and pressing the straw and the green manure of the rice field.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of the fertilizer in the rice field, which can effectively reduce the planting cost of green manure, save the labor cost, reduce the using amount of the fertilizer and increase the economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for reducing and enhancing the amount of a chemical fertilizer in a rice field, which can improve the microbial environment of soil in the rice field, reduce the cost and reduce the pollution of the chemical fertilizer, and is simple to operate and convenient to popularize and apply.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for reducing the fertilizer and increasing the efficiency of a rice field comprises the following specific steps:
(1) planting milk vetch
3-5d before harvesting rice, uniformly mixing the astragalus sinicus seeds with a phosphate fertilizer, scattering the mixture in a rice field, crushing the straws to cover the rice field when harvesting the rice, and ditching the periphery of the rice field to avoid autumn rain;
(2) astragalus sinicus straw combined turning and pressing
And (3) performing combined ploughing and returning to the field with the astragalus sinicus with seeds and the astragalus sinicus in the full-bloom stage and rice straws in the second year, applying a base fertilizer after retting for 7-10d, transplanting the rice, applying 30% of reduced nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer, crushing the straws after harvesting the rice in the same season, covering the ground surface, naturally emerging the astragalus sinicus, performing combined ploughing and returning to the field with the rice straws in the last season in the full-bloom stage in the third year, applying the base fertilizer after retting for 7-10d, and applying 20% of reduced nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer.
Preferably, the astragalus sinicus is sown every other year in the step (1).
Preferably, the astragalus sinicus seeds in the step (1) comprise: early-maturing seeds and late-maturing seeds, and the mass ratio is 1: 9.
Preferably, the astragalus sinicus early maturing species is local species of Nanzheng, and the late maturing species is No. 7 Hunan purple.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the astragalus sinicus seeds to the phosphate fertilizer is 1 (2-3), and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate.
Preferably, the sowing amount of the astragalus sinicus seeds is 2.0-2.5 kg/mu.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step (2) is N, P2O5、K2O is respectively 8.4kg/666.7m2、6kg/666.7m2、7kg/666.7m2。
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the green manure and the rice straws are turned over and returned to the field, so that the rice field soil can be fertilized, the microbial environment of the rice field soil can be improved, the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers can be reduced, the purchasing cost of agricultural materials can be reduced, the pollution of chemical fertilizers can be reduced, the yield of rice grains can be increased, the cost of seeds and labor force can be saved, and the operation is simple and the popularization and the application are convenient.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Design of experiments
Uniformly mixing astragalus sinicus seeds in 2017, 9 and 20 days with calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 1:2, manually spreading the mixture, ploughing the astragalus sinicus seeds with the seeds in 2018, 5 and 5 days in 2018 and the astragalus sinicus in full-bloom stage and rice straws in the previous season to return to the field, manually transplanting the rice in 2018, 5 and 15 days in full-growth stage, wherein the fertilizer application amount is N, P2O5、K2O is respectively 12kg/66.7m2、6kg/666.7m2、7kg/666.7m2Harvesting rice straws at 23 months in 2018, 9 months in year, crushing and covering the rice straws on the ground surface, naturally sowing-free astragalus sinicus, turning and pressing astragalus sinicus in the blooming period of 23 days in month 4 in 2019 together with the rice straws of the previous season to return to the field, and artificially transplanting the rice at 10 months in 5 months in year 2019, wherein the fertilizer application amount in the whole growth period is N, P2O5、K2O is respectively 12kg/66.7m2、6kg/666.7m2、7kg/666.7m2. The fertilizer application mode is that the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the additional fertilizer is 7:3, and the phosphorus potassium fertilizer is completely applied in a base mode.
Control treatment
In winter, astragalus sinicus is not planted, rice straw is smashed and returned to the field, and the operation of other farming works is the same as that of the example 1.
Process 1
The mass ratio of the seeds of the early-maturing seeds to the seeds of the late-maturing seeds is 9:1, and the rest of the farming operations are the same as those in example 1.
Treatment 2
The mass ratio of the seeds of the early-maturing seeds to the seeds of the late-maturing seeds is 8:2, and the rest of the farming operations are the same as those in example 1.
Treatment 3
The mass ratio of the early-maturing seeds to the late-maturing seeds is 7:3, and the rest of the farming operations are the same as those in example 1.
The different early-maturing seeds and late-maturing seeds are compared in the mixed sowing ratio, see table 1:
TABLE 1
In the treatment 1 in the table 1, the proportion of the replaceable chemical nitrogen fertilizer in the first year is 30.4 percent, the proportion of the replaceable chemical nitrogen fertilizer in the second year is 20.2 percent, the yield per mu is increased by 98.67 kilograms compared with the yield of the rice in two seasons, the consumption of chemical pure N per mu is reduced by 12.14 kilograms, and the potential risk of agricultural non-point source pollution is greatly reduced.
Example 2
Uniformly mixing astragalus sinicus seeds in 9 and 20 days in 2017 with calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 1:3, manually spreading the mixture, ploughing astragalus sinicus seeds with seeds in 5 and 5 days in 2018 and returning the astragalus sinicus seeds and astragalus sinicus in full-bloom stage together with rice straws of the previous season to field, manually transplanting rice in 5 and 15 days in 2018, wherein the fertilizer application amount in the whole growth period is N, P2O5、K2O is respectively 8.4kg/66.7m2、6kg/666.7m2、7kg/666.7m2The fertilizer application mode is that the ratio of the base fertilizer to the additional fertilizer of the nitrogen fertilizer is 7:3, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is completely applied on the base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is N, P2O5、K2O is 5.88kg/66.7m respectively2、6kg/666.7m2、7kg/666.7m2Harvesting rice straws at 23 months in 2018, 9 months in year, crushing and covering the rice straws on the ground surface, naturally sowing-free astragalus sinicus, turning and pressing astragalus sinicus in the blooming period of 23 days in month 4 in 2019 together with the rice straws of the previous season to return to the field, and artificially transplanting the rice at 10 months in 5 months in year 2019, wherein the fertilizer application amount in the whole growth period is N, P2O5、K2O is 9.6kg/66.7m respectively2、6kg/666.7m2、7kg/666.7m2The fertilizer application mode is that the ratio of the base fertilizer to the additional fertilizer of the nitrogen fertilizer is 7:3, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is completely applied on the base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is N, P2O5、K2O is 6.72kg/66.7m respectively2、6kg/666.7m2、7kg/666.7m2。
Example 3
Design of experiments
Treatment 1: planting Chinese milk vetch every year, selecting Xiang Zi No. 7 Chinese milk vetch variety, and the other farming operations are the same as the example 2;
and (3) treatment 2: the treatment was the same as in example 2.
The economic benefits of yearly planting milk vetch and alternate yearly planting milk vetch are compared, see table 2:
TABLE 2
The total yield of the rice in two years is similar, but the cost for treating 2 acres of land and 2 years is 80 yuan lower than that for treating 1, namely the method provided by the invention has the advantages of fertilizing the soil, saving the input of nitrogen fertilizer, improving the yield of the rice to a certain extent, reducing the cost and increasing the income compared with the planting of the milk vetch in successive years.
The early-maturing astragalus sinicus seeds used in the invention are local astragalus sinicus seeds, the maturing period is about 5 months and 5 days of the next year, the late-maturing variety is xiang purple No. 7, the full-bloom period is about 5 months and 4 days of the next year, the nutrient utilization rate of the astragalus sinicus when being decomposed in the same season is calculated according to 50%, the rice variety used is medium-indica hybrid rice Quanxiangyou 1521, but the invention is not limited to the rice variety, and the rice variety used in the invention can be any variety.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A method for reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of a fertilizer in a rice field is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) planting milk vetch
3-5d before harvesting rice, uniformly mixing the astragalus sinicus seeds with a phosphate fertilizer, scattering the mixture in a rice field, crushing the straws to cover the rice field when harvesting the rice, and ditching the periphery of the rice field to avoid autumn rain;
(2) astragalus sinicus straw combined turning and pressing
And (3) performing combined ploughing and returning to the field with the astragalus sinicus with seeds and the astragalus sinicus in the full-bloom stage and rice straws in the second year, applying a base fertilizer after retting for 7-10d, transplanting the rice, applying 30% of reduced nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer, crushing the straws after harvesting the rice in the same season, covering the ground surface, naturally emerging the astragalus sinicus, performing combined ploughing and returning to the field with the rice straws in the last season in the full-bloom stage in the third year, applying the base fertilizer after retting for 7-10d, and applying 20% of reduced nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer.
2. The method for reducing fertilizer quantity and enhancing fertilizer efficiency in rice fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting manner of the astragalus sinicus in step (1) is planting every other year.
3. The method for fertilizer decrement and efficiency improvement in rice field as claimed in claim 2, wherein said astragalus sinicus seed of step (1) comprises: early-maturing seeds and late-maturing seeds, and the mass ratio is 1: 9.
4. The method for fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement in rice fields as claimed in claim 3, wherein the early maturing species of milk vetch is native species of Nanzheng, and the late maturing species is Hunan purple No. 7.
5. The method for reducing the fertilizer quantity and enhancing the fertilizer efficiency in the rice field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the astragalus sinicus seed to the phosphate fertilizer is 1 (2-3), and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate.
6. The method for fertilizer decrement and efficiency improvement in rice field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding amount of the milk vetch seed is 2.0-2.5 kg/mu.
7. The method for reducing fertilizer consumption and enhancing fertilizer efficiency of rice field as claimed in claim 1, wherein said base fertilizer in step (2) is N, P2O5、K2O is respectively 8.4kg/666.7m2、6kg/666.7m2、7kg/666.7m2。
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113179890A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-07-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Rice planting method for increasing amino acid content |
| CN113317141A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-31 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Crop cultivation method based on green manure returning and reduced fertilization |
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| CN113317141B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2023-09-29 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Crop cultivation method based on green manure returning decrement fertilization |
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