CN102823355B

CN102823355B - Soil improvement method

Info

Publication number: CN102823355B
Application number: CN201210339066.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 盛建东; 陈波浪; 刘耘华
Original assignee: 新疆农业大学
Priority date: 2012-09-13
Filing date: 2012-09-13
Publication date: 2015-04-15
Also published as: CN102823355A

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil improvement method which comprises the following steps of: a, crushing organic materials and carrying out compost fermentation and decomposition to obtain decomposed organic fertilizer; and b, fully mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer with phosphate fertilizer, and evenly spreading the mixed fertilizer on a flattened ground and plowing soil, wherein the dosage of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 800-1500kg/mu and the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 50-100kg/mu. Through the method disclosed by the invention, the soil can be rapidly fertilized and the land capability can be improved.

Description

Soil improvement method

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of land improvement, be particularly applicable to arid biogeographic zone newly-ploughed, let a piece of farmland go to waste, a kind of soil improvement method of the agricultural land soil of soil depletion.

Background technology

Arid biogeographic zone newly broken, let a piece of farmland go to waste, the general content of salt in the agricultural land soil of soil depletion is high, the content of organic matter is lower, and there is a serious shortage in the supply for soil phosphorus.Thus root system is easy to rotten after causing crop emerges, planting percent and survival rate of seedlings are extremely low, do not possess farming and are worth.Need to improve soil, to increase the survival rate of seedlings of crop for this reason.There is people's proposition organic commercial fertilizer to improve soil, to increasing the survival rate of seedlings of crop for this reason.But effect extreme difference, after emerging, the root system of crop still fast rotting causes rice shoot dead, this main and organic commercial fertilizer be organic waste by fermentation after again high-temperature drying granulation produce, microbial death enzymic activity is caused to be lost, affect crop rhizosphere environment, coerce root growth, cause the weak effect of soil melioration.

Based on Problems existing and defect in above-mentioned existing soil improvement method, the present inventor relies on abundant professional knowledge and practical experience for many years, finally utilize existing organic manure resource and low price phosphorus fertilizer resource, determine the soil improvement method of a kind of Study on Fertilizing soil and raising land capability.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of soil improvement method, the inventive method can Study on Fertilizing soil and raising land capability.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, present invention employs following technical scheme:

Soil improvement method, comprises the steps:

A. organic materials is pulverized the fertile fermentation maturity of laggard windrow, the fertilizer that must become thoroughly decomposed;

B. fully mixed with phosphate fertilizer by the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields the earth's surface in smooth mistake, and plough under soil, the Rate of Organic Fertilizer wherein become thoroughly decomposed is for being no less than 800kg/ mu, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 50-100kg/ mu.

Further, before step a, the soil (reach 20g/kg) too high for salt content first carries out salt discharge pressure Ficus caricaL to soil.

Further, described fertilizer obtains by the following method: cow dung and crushed stalk after fermentation, the mass ratio of cow dung and stalk is 4:6, regulate moisture in fermentation process, control at 55-65%, add 1.5-2.5% that urea is cow dung and stalk gross mass, to add Rapid Fermentation microbial inoculum be 2 kilograms per ton, humic acid adjust ph of adding 10-15% per ton, turning in every 2 days once, every 12 hour records once pile temperature, and control temperature is that 65-73 DEG C, 7-10 days temperature drop to 45 DEG C and namely fermented.

Further, wherein Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates in double superphosphate.

Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:

(1) fertilizer used in the present invention is after compost fermentation, without granulation and high-temperature drying, save the materials such as useful microbial population, enzymic activity and organic acid, this measure not only can reduce soil pH value, directly can promote that edaphon Fast-propagation and enzymic activity improve simultaneously.

(2) due to Phosphorus in Soil to be improved, there is a serious shortage in the supply, and the present invention, by disposable input phosphate fertilizer, can improve the feeder capability of soil fast, reaches simultaneously and increase soil phophorus storehouse and meet the dual purpose of plant growth to phosphorus nutrients demand.

(3) fermentation product and phosphate fertilizer are manured into soil after fully mixing, and reduce phosphate fertilizer and directly contact and the phenomenon that is fixed with soil, can be microorganism and crop provides effective nutritive element simultaneously.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.

Embodiment 1:

Soil improvement method, comprises the steps:

B. fully mixed with phosphate fertilizer by the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields the earth's surface in smooth mistake, and plough under soil, the Rate of Organic Fertilizer wherein become thoroughly decomposed is 800kg/ mu, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 50kg/ mu, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is in double superphosphate.As preferably, before step a, first the measure of salt discharge pressure Ficus caricaL is carried out to soil, according to soil salt content, determine pressure salt number of times and irrigation quantity.And it is whole to carry out machinery to out-of-flatness soil, improves the overall salt discharge effect of field.

The organic commercial fertilizer related in the present invention is raw materials used for after crops straw and cow dung become thoroughly decomposed by fermentation, then through fertilizer that high-temperature drying granulation is produced.

(1) crop survival rate of seedlings is improved

Be divided into two the experimental field of a piece two mu, half uses organic commercial fertilizer (800kg/ mu), and second half uses cow dung+stalk fermentation thing fertilizer treatment (800kg/ mu).By contrast, observe that cow dung+stalk fermentation thing fertilizer treatment (800kg/ mu) is obvious to cotton seedling protecting effect, its survival rate of seedlings reaches more than 70%, and the organic commercial fertilizer of high temperature granulation emerge after root system to rot soon and dead, survival rate of seedlings is less than 30%.Visible soil improvement method successful of the present invention.

(2) soil available phosphorus level is improved

Disposable employed phosphate fertilizer process (50kg/ mu threeflod calcium superphosphate fertile), soil quick-effective phosphor brings up to the 28mg/kg in growth mid-term by the 5.0mg/kg before applying fertilizer, and improves 4.6 times.This measure has important effect for improving soil phosphorus nutrient levels fast.

(3) desalting efficiency is improved

Different fertilizer process soil salt balance (g/kg)

As seen from table, the fermentation product of cow dung+stalk directly uses process to soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching successful higher than using the organic commercial fertilizer process after granulation, and the salt rejection rate using 0-30cm, 30-60cm and 60-80cm of the cow dung+stalk fermentation thing process of 800kg/ mu reaches 58.0%, 48.5% and 44.4% respectively.Therefore advise tunning newly broken directly being used to agricultural wastes, the organic commercial fertilizer compared with raw material soil melioration and soil fertilities is remarkable.

Suitable soil

This technology be applicable to arid biogeographic zone newly-ploughed, let a piece of farmland go to waste, the agricultural land soil of soil depletion.

Points for attention

(1) high to salt content soil (>20g/kg), the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching in time should re-use this technology, in case leaching loss of nutrient in desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching process.

(2) cow dung+crushed stalk after fermentation, notes the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed of fermentation product.The ratio of cow dung and stalk is 4:6, regulate in fermentation process moisture (controlling at 55-65%), C/N(allocate at 25-30:1 and interpolation urea 1.5-2.5% per ton), add Rapid Fermentation microbial inoculum (2 kilograms per ton), adjust ph (humic acid of interpolation 10-15% per ton), temperature controls, turning in every 2 days once (uses forklift turning), every 12 hour records once pile temperature, drop to about 45 DEG C when temperature is raised to the highest (being generally 65-73 DEG C), 7 to 10 days time i.e. one time fermentation completes.The improved effect of the Organic Manure on Soil obtained is better.

(3) this method is for barren its feeder capability of quick raising of phosphorus nourishing, so phosphate fertilizer can select active constituent content and the relatively low phosphate fertilizer of price, amount of application increases accordingly according to active ingredient.

Above embodiment is only exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and be not used in restriction the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.Those skilled in the art can in essence of the present invention and protection domain, and make various amendment or equivalent replacement to the present invention, this amendment or equivalent replacement also should be considered as dropping in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. soil improvement method, improves soil phosphorus nutrient levels fast, reduces soil salt content, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

B. fully mixed with phosphate fertilizer by the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields the earth's surface in smooth mistake, and plough under soil, the Rate of Organic Fertilizer wherein become thoroughly decomposed is 800-1500kg/ mu, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 50-100kg/ mu; Wherein said fertilizer obtains by the following method:

Cow dung and crushed stalk after fermentation, the mass ratio of cow dung and stalk is 4:6, moisture is regulated in fermentation process, control at 55-65%, add 1.5-2.5% that urea is cow dung and stalk gross mass, to add Rapid Fermentation microbial inoculum be 2 kilograms per ton, the humic acid adjust ph of interpolation 10-15% per ton, once, every 12 hour records once pile temperature in turning in every 2 days, control temperature is that 65-73 DEG C, 7-10 days temperature drop to 45 DEG C and namely fermented.

2. soil improvement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before step a, for the soil that salt content is too high, first carries out salt discharge pressure Ficus caricaL to soil.

3. soil improvement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is in double superphosphate.