CN105085121B - A kind of composite microbiological fertilizer - Google Patents
A kind of composite microbiological fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105085121B CN105085121B CN201510590078.8A CN201510590078A CN105085121B CN 105085121 B CN105085121 B CN 105085121B CN 201510590078 A CN201510590078 A CN 201510590078A CN 105085121 B CN105085121 B CN 105085121B
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Abstract
It is as follows by butt parts by weight, its component the invention discloses a kind of composite microbiological fertilizer:Ferment 30 60 parts of soya-bean cake, 20 50 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 20 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 0.5 2 parts of nanoscale natto powder, 0.5 2 parts of microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum.Composite microbiological fertilizer manufactured by the present invention, organic nutrient, inorganic nutrients and microorganism nutrient can be provided to crop at the same time, and have the characteristics that low-sulfur content, soil can be improved, prevent soil acidification, improve crop quality, utilization rate of fertilizer improves more than 30% than applying common chemical fertilizer merely, reduces fertilizer application amount more than 30% relatively.This fertilizer uses composition to be simply obtained, low production cost, beneficial to large scale application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer, more particularly to a kind of compound fertilizer containing organic matter, inanimate matter and microbial components.
Background technology
Fertilizer is the strategic materials for ensureing national food security, is to maintain and increases fertility of land, realizes agricultural sustainable development
Material base.Fertilizer can be divided mainly into the species such as organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, bio-feritlizer according to component.Organic fertilizer contains
There are substantial amounts of organic substance, contained various nutrient A wide selection of colours and designs, application of organic fertilizers material adds the content of soil with organic matter, can
To improve soil physics, chemistry and biological nature, culture fertility, improves crops quality.But nutrient is dense contained by organic fertilizer
Spend it is low, after being manured into soil will through microorganism decomposition, rot after can just discharge nutrient, nutrients release is slow, suitably do base manure without
Suitably do top dressing.Inorganic fertilizer ingredient is more simple, and nutrient content is high, and mostly soluble easily in water, fertilizer efficiency is fast, can be crops
Fast and effectively nutrient supply is provided.At present, China has become the chemical fertilizer production state and country of consumption of maximum in the world.Fertilizer amount
It is excessive, the problems such as plus unreasonable administration, harmful effect is generated to environment, agricultural non-point source pollution problem becomes increasingly conspicuous.
Bio-feritlizer is a kind of living microorganisms product, has the characteristics that effect is good, free from environmental pollution, can improve quality of agricultural product and subtract
Few fertilizer amount.Microbial manure principal item in past longer time is rhizobium fertilizer, and China's screening and structure are high
The means for imitating microbial manure bacterial strain fall behind, and manure strain lacks innovation, and species is few, limits the development of microbial manure.
Long-term single administration chemical fertilizer can cause soil hardening, nutrients ratio imbalance, and utilization rate of fertilizer declines.Compound fertilizer contains
There are the multiple nutritional components needed for plant growth, there is preferably agriculture effect of increasing production than single fertilizer using composite fertilizer.In recent years
The composite fertilizer for coming China is rapidly developed, and mainly has two big verieties, S-based compound fertilizer and chlorine-based compound fertilizer.Chlorine-based compound fertilizer
There is harmful effect to the yield and quality of fear-chlorion crop lettuce, kidney bean, tobacco, potato class etc., it is economical seriously to reduce such
The economic benefit of crop, thus mainly apply S-based compound fertilizer on fear-chlorion crop.But chronic administration sulfur fertilizer can cause soil
Acidifying, causes soil Minerals to dissolve, and soil particle attenuates, base cation leaching loss and structure is destroyed or ped
It cannot be formed, soil hardening, venting and water permeable is less able.
Domestic and international the experimental results show that the utilization rate of fertilizer in China is in a reduced levels, and according to statistics, China is small
The nitrogenous fertilizer this season utilization rate of wheat, rice and corn average 28.7%, phosphate fertilizer this season utilization rate average 13.1%, potash fertilizer this season utilizes
Rate average 27.3%.As it can be seen that the chemical fertilizer overwhelming majority in China lost.A large amount of losses of chemical fertilizer have caused a series of environment
Problem, causes earth's surface water eutrophication, and lake is seriously polluted.In addition, Nitrate in Vegetable is exceeded, nitrous oxide emission in air
The environmental problems such as amount increase, the generation of coastal cities red tide phenomenon are also related with the unreasonable administration of fertilizer.
It is balanced nutritious in order to obtain crop, chemical fertilizer loss is reduced, promotion inorganic fertilizer is matched somebody with somebody with organic fertilizer, microorganism fertilizer to be applied,
The advantage of various fertilizer is given full play to, improves utilization rate of fertilizer.In recent years, bio-feritlizer, organo-mineral complexing chemical fertilizer material become
The hot spot of new-type fertilizer research and development.Existing correlative study result shows new composite fertilizer for improveing soil, changing
Kind crop quality and reduction pest and disease damage have preferable effect, and application prospect is very wide in modern material reserve.
Although some existing new composite fertilizer achieve certain effect in application agriculturally, their popularization
Using also very not universal, mainly there is the following aspects in the reason for influencing its popularization and application：(1) common micro-organisms is in Thief zone
Pressure ring border cannot survive, and effect of fertilizer is unstable.(2) fertilizer application link is cumbersome, and peasant is not easy to grasp.(3) by fertilizer amount,
Environment temperature, pH value and soil property etc. influence, and effect of increasing production is unstable.(4) cost is higher, and peasant is difficult to bear.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, provide one kind contains organic nutrient, inorganic nutrients and micro- life at the same time
Thing nutrient composite microbiological fertilizer, to solve, soil hardening, utilization rate of fertilizer caused by excessive single use chemical fertilizer are low, increase production
The problems such as effect declines, quality of agricultural product declines, environmental pollution, and performance is stable, simple and practicable, it is of low cost, beneficial to big face
Product promotes and applies, and can be effectively promoted agricultural sustainable development.
To achieve the above object, the technological means that uses of the present invention is：
A kind of composite microbiological fertilizer, it is as follows by butt parts by weight, its component：
Ferment 30-60 parts of soya-bean cake, 20-50 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-20 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 0.5-2 parts of nanoscale natto powder, withered grass
0.5-2 parts of micro-organisms bacillus microbial inoculum.
Preferable component proportion is as follows：Ferment 45.6-50.4 parts of soya-bean cake, 35.63-39.38 parts of potassium nitrate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
11.88-13.13 parts, 0.95-1.05 parts of nanoscale natto powder, 0.95-1.05 parts of microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum.
Component proportion still more preferably is as follows：Ferment 48 parts of soya-bean cake, 37.5 parts of potassium nitrate, 12.5 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP),
1 part of nanoscale natto powder, 1 part of microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum.
Fermentation soya-bean cake is made by remaining residue after soybean extract oil, and the residue is cheap and easy to get, and nutrient is comprehensive, containing abundant
Organic substance, while plant growth and physiological activity is promoted, can improve crop yield, improve the quality of crop.Will be above-mentioned
It is as follows up to fermentation soya-bean cake, step after residue progress way of stacking fermentation：Residue is crushed, adds water to make material moisture in 50-
55%, bar pile is piled, every turning in 2 days once, fermentation temperature is maintained at 60-65 DEG C, and fermentation period is 40-60 days.
Nanoscale natto powder has larger ratio surface, can form colloidal film in fertiliser granulates surface quickly, itself contains
Some soyabean oligosaccharides, polyglutamic acid, vitamin K2Deng component, and fertilizer contain in itself nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the battalion such as trace element
Form point together, constitute a kind of soil beneficial microbe culture medium in fertiliser granulates surface, this culture medium can improve micro-
The impermeabilisation pressure energy power of biology, is conducive to the amount reproduction of microorganism.Colloidal film wraps up root system, can also reduce harmful organism pair
The infringement of plant.
The content of bacillus subtilis is hundred million/g of 25-50 in the microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum.Withered grass gemma
The entitled Bacillus subtilis of bacillus Latin, have the function that dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium, and liquid fermentation liquid and its product, which also have, to be promoted to make
The effect of thing root growth.When completing life cycle, bacillus subtilis is continuous to be bred, constantly absorbs in fertilizer
Nutritional ingredient becomes the body substance of itself, constantly dead, it is achieved thereby that inorganic nutrients organise, reduces leaching, waves
The nutrient losses such as hair, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, improve the crop output value, reduce pollution by chemical fertilizer.Microorganism it is rapid a large amount of
Breeding, constantly releases energy, and can improve ground temperature, promotes crop early growth and quick tiller, in advance maturation；Microorganism in soil is more,
Decomposition velocity of organic substances is accelerated, and more crumb structure are formed, and improve soil；Substantial amounts of beneficial microbe secretion growth promotion,
It is disease-resistant to wait secondary metabolites, make crop more healthy and stronger；Beneficial microbe amount reproduction, occupies site competition advantage, is harmful to micro- life
The growth of thing is suppressed, and is reduced field pest and disease damage and is occurred.
The preparation method of above-mentioned composite microbiological fertilizer is：Using two workshop section's granulating techniques：The first step is in proportion by withered grass
After mixing, 25-30 DEG C of granulation, obtains microorganism-have for micro-organisms bacillus microbial inoculum, fermentation soya-bean cake and nanoscale natto powder
Machine composite fertilizer component；Second step mixes potassium nitrate and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) in proportion, disc granulation, obtains inorganic composite fertilizer component；
3rd step mixes in proportion above two component, up to composite microbiological fertilizer.
Two workshop section's granulating techniques not only avoid microorganism and be contacted with the direct of Inorganic chemical substance, reduce microorganism
The death rate, can also require to carry out scientific matching, meet flat according to the physicochemical property of different regions soil, the need fertilizer of Different Crop
Weighing apparatus fertilising requires.
The application process of the composite microbiological fertilizer is：The grain and oil crops such as wheat, corn, rice, peanut, rape, base
Fertilizer 30-50kg/ mus of row replacement of trench digging, top dressing is spreaded manuer in holes or 10-30kg/ mus of row replacement；Fruit tree whole year spreads manuer in holes 3-6kg/；Greengrocery base manure
70-90kg/ mus of row replacement of trench digging, top dressing is spreaded manuer in holes or 10-30kg/ mus of row replacement；30-50kg/ mus of ridge bottom is applied before tobacco base manure ridging,
Top dressing is spreaded manuer in holes 4-6kg/ mus when transplanting, and 6-9kg/ mus are respectively imposed within 30 days 15 days after transplanting, after transplanting.
Technical principle：
1st, above-mentioned composite microbiological fertilizer, can provide organic nutrient, inorganic nutrients and microorganism nutrient to crop at the same time,
Its by " rush " of microbial manure, " steady " of organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer " speed ", pass through scientific matching, have complementary advantages principle, will
Microorganism, organic and inorganic constituents combine together, can meet the nutrient demand of crop and improve the structure of soil, fertilizing
Soil fertility, can also improve crop quality, reduce pest and disease damage.
2nd, above-mentioned composite microbiological fertilizer, or a kind of excellent microorganism growth base-material, it can improve microorganism
Fertility, so that microorganism can absorb fixed more inorganic states nutrients and soil is retained in the form of organic nutrient
In earth, constantly meet the needs of plant growth, reduce the fertilizer loss caused by leaching and volatilization.
3rd, above-mentioned composite microbiological fertilizer has the characteristics that low-sulfur content, prevents soil caused by chronic administration S-based compound fertilizer
Earth is acidified, and can improve soil, improves crop quality, and utilization rate of fertilizer improves more than 30% relatively than applying common chemical fertilizer merely,
Fertilizer application amount 30% can be reduced under Isoquant target.
Beneficial effect is the present invention compared with prior art：This fertilizer can provide organic nutrient, nothing to crop at the same time
Machine nutrient and microorganism nutrient, effectively solve caused by single administration chemical fertilizer soil hardening, effect of fertilizer on increasing yield declines,
The problems such as quality of agricultural product declines；This fertilizer is a kind of excellent microorganism growth base-material, is reduced caused by leaching and volatilization
Fertilizer loss, reduces environmental pollution, and performance is stable, simple and practicable；This fertilizer uses composition to be simply obtained, production
It is of low cost, beneficial to large scale application, agricultural sustainable development can be effectively promoted；Existing fertilizer practice is whole in crop
A breeding time needs repeatedly fertilising, and fertilising link is cumbersome, and the composite microbe fertilizer fertilizer efficiency time length in the present invention, can meet crop
The needs of whole breeding time, can with Base-appling once, also can base apply 70%+ and impose 30%, enormously simplify fertilising link, save
Human cost.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further details with reference to specific embodiment.
Microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum used is ordered in Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection pipe in all embodiments
Reason center, deposit number ACCC19743.The bacillus subtilis of activation is inoculated into fluid nutrient medium (peptone
0.5wt%, beef extract 0.5wt%, yeast extract 0.5wt%, sodium chloride 0.25wt%, pH 7-7.5), in fermentation cylinder for fermentation
24-36h, keep 30-35 DEG C of temperature, it is not open close enter sterile air.Fermentation is completed to add 1-3 times of quality in backward liquid microbial inoculum
Lightweight CaCO3, in 50-60 DEG C of negative pressure drying, up to microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum.
Fermentation soya-bean cake used is made by remaining residue after soybean extract oil after way of stacking ferments in all embodiments, step
It is rapid as follows：Residue is crushed, adds water material moisture is piled bar pile in 50-55%, every turning in 2 days once, fermentation temperature
60-65 DEG C is maintained at, fermentation period is 40-60 days.
The preparation method of composite microbiological fertilizer used is in all embodiments：Using two workshop section's granulating techniques：The first step
In proportion by microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, fermentation soya-bean cake and nanoscale natto powder after mixing, 25-30 DEG C of granulation,
Obtain microorganism-compoiste fertilizer component；Second step mixes potassium nitrate and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) in proportion, and disc granulation, obtains nothing
Machine composite fertilizer component；3rd step mixes in proportion above two component, up to composite microbiological fertilizer.
Embodiment 1
Composite microbiological fertilizer is prepared according to formula as below：Ferment soya-bean cake 48kg, potassium nitrate 37.5kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
12.5kg, nanoscale natto powder 1kg, microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 1kg.
Do in a manner of table 1 experiment of applying of composite microbe fertilizer on wheat, and with (Sa Kefu composite fertilizers of conventional composite fertilizer
12-08-20 potassium sulfate types) contrast.Fertilization mode is using base manure trench digging row replacement 70% (mass ratio), and top dressing is spreaded manuer in holes or row replacement
30% (mass ratio), fertilizer application frequency is identical with dose.
1 fertilizer application mode of table
| Processing | Process content |
| Control group | Conventional composite fertilizer's conventional amount used is applied |
| Treatment group | Composite microbe fertilizer is applied with control group equivalent |
Embodiment 2
Composite microbiological fertilizer is prepared according to formula as below：Ferment soya-bean cake 30kg, potassium nitrate 50kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg,
Nanoscale natto powder 0.5kg, microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 0.5kg.
The experiment of applying of composite microbe fertilizer is done in a manner of table 1 on corn, and is contrasted with conventional composite fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
Composite microbiological fertilizer is prepared according to formula as below：Ferment soya-bean cake 60kg, potassium nitrate 20kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg,
Nanoscale natto powder 2kg, microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 2kg.
The experiment of applying of composite microbe fertilizer is done in a manner of table 1 on Chinese cabbage, and is contrasted with conventional composite fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
Composite microbiological fertilizer is prepared according to formula as below：Ferment soya-bean cake 50kg, and potassium nitrate 30kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg, receives
Meter level natto powder 1.5kg, microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 1.5kg.
The experiment of applying of composite microbe fertilizer is done in a manner of table 1 on tobacco, and is contrasted with conventional composite fertilizer.Moving respectively
The vega soil content of organic matter and cigarette strain Rhizospheric microorganisms' quantity are detected before cultivation, after prosperous long-term and harvesting.
The Other Main Agronomic Characters of crops compare after table 2 applies fertilizer
Note：With the notable (P of different lowercase letter indication differences after column data in table<0.05).
From Table 2, it can be seen that when the fertilizer of the present invention is on wheat, this kind of fruit crops of corn, plant is big
It is small smaller than common fertilizer on the contrary, but its fruit yield but increases；During leaf class crops this for Chinese cabbage, tobacco, hence it is evident that increase
Its plant height, leaf quality etc. are added.It can be seen that the present invention has given full play to three kinds of inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, microorganism fertilizer fertilizer each
Strong point, inorganic fertilizer reaches quick top dressing effect, and organic fertilizer plays the long-term effect slowly discharged, and microorganism then absorbs fixation
The two nutrient makes it efficiently utilize, therefore the specific period growth that can be directed to various plants needs and fertilizer, without
Fertilizer can blindly be continued, cause the length that should not be grown, and for the length is not grown.Therefore, by after fertilizer application of the present invention to field,
It can stablize and improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio more than 30%, reduce fertilizer application amount more than 30%, meet circular economy minimizing principle,
Have the characteristics that to improve soil, synergy upgrading, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Influence of 3 different disposal of table to crops economic characters
Note：With the notable (P of different lowercase letter indication differences after column data in table<0.05).
From table 3 it is observed that employ wheat, corn, Chinese cabbage and the cigarette after composite microbiological fertilizer of the invention
Grass achieves significant the effect of increasing income.Wheat, corn and the average price of tobacco are all improved, and illustrate to use composite microbe fertilizer
Product quality can be improved, increase economic benefit.
It is computed, the average unit cost of composite microbiological fertilizer is 3.20 yuan/kg in above-mentioned several embodiments, less than Sa Kefu
3.70 yuan/the kg of cost of composite fertilizer, fertilizer cost reduce 13.5%.
Table 4 applies influence of the composite microbe fertilizer to vega soil organic matter and cigarette strain rhizosphere soil microorganism quantity
Note：Different lowercase letter indication differences significantly (P after data of going together in table<0.05).
As can be seen from Table 4, using the content of organic matter obtained in the treatment group vega of composite microbe fertilizer prosperous long-term
Significantly improved with after harvesting, improve soil texture.Compared with the control group same period, after prosperous long-term and harvesting, processing
Bacterium in group cigarette strain rhizosphere soil is significantly increased with Population of Actinomycetes；And fungi then significantly reduces.It can be seen that apply multiple
Closing microorganism fertilizer has bacterium in vega soil (predominantly bacillus subtilis), actinomyces (producing antibiotic activity material) etc.
The harmful microbe such as the propagation of beneficial microorganism and fungi (predominantly black shank bacterium etc.) suppresses, and has obvious effect.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of composite microbiological fertilizer, it is characterised in that as follows by butt parts by weight, its component：Ferment beans
30-60 parts of cake, 20-50 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-20 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 0.5-2 parts of nanoscale natto powder, microorganism Bacillus subtilis
0.5-2 parts of microbial inoculum；
Using two workshop section's granulating techniques：The first step is in proportion by microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, fermentation soya-bean cake and nanoscale
After mixing, 25-30 DEG C of granulation, obtains microorganism-compoiste fertilizer component to natto powder；Second step is by potassium nitrate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Ammonium mixes in proportion, disc granulation, obtains inorganic composite fertilizer component；3rd step mixes in proportion above two component,
Up to composite microbiological fertilizer.
2. the preparation method of composite microbiological fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by butt parts by weight, its
Component is as follows：Ferment 45.6-50.4 parts of soya-bean cake, 35.63-39.38 parts of potassium nitrate, 11.88-13.13 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), nanoscale
0.95-1.05 parts of natto powder, 0.95-1.05 parts of microorganism Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum.
3. the preparation method of composite microbiological fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by butt parts by weight, its
Component is as follows：Ferment 48 parts of soya-bean cake, 37.5 parts of potassium nitrate, 12.5 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 1 part of nanoscale natto powder, bacillus subtilis
1 part of bacteria microorganism microbial inoculum.
4. according to the preparation method of any composite microbiological fertilizers of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the fermentation beans
The preparation method of cake is：Remaining residue after soybean extract oil is subjected to way of stacking fermentation, step is as follows：Residue is crushed, is added
Water makes material moisture pile bar pile in 50-55%, and every turning in 2 days once, fermentation temperature is maintained at 60-65 DEG C, fermentation week
Phase is 40-60 days.
5. according to the preparation method of any composite microbiological fertilizers of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the withered grass bud
The content of bacillus subtilis is hundred million/g of 25-50 in spore bacillus microorganisms microbial inoculum.
6. a kind of application process of composite microbiological fertilizer, which makes according to the method for claim 1
It is standby to form, it is characterised in that to grain and oil crop, base manure 30-50kg/ mus of row replacement of trench digging, top dressing is spreaded manuer in holes or 10-30kg/ mus of row replacement.
7. the application process of composite microbiological fertilizer according to claim 6, it is characterised in that spread manuer in holes fruit tree whole year 3-
6kg/.
8. the application process of composite microbiological fertilizer according to claim 6, it is characterised in that ditch to greengrocery base manure
70-90kg/ mus of row replacement, top dressing is spreaded manuer in holes or 10-30kg/ mus of row replacement.
9. the application process of composite microbiological fertilizer according to claim 6, it is characterised in that before tobacco base manure ridging
30-50kg/ mus of ridge bottom is applied, top dressing is spreaded manuer in holes 4-6kg/ mus when transplanting, and 6-9kg/ is respectively imposed within 30 days 15 days after transplanting, after transplanting
Mu.
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| CN106478226A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-03-08 | 深圳富农农业科技有限公司 | Nanoscale microbial manure and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108059573A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-05-22 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | It is a kind of to be used to improve fertilizer of leek yield and preparation method and application |
| CN109942343A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-06-28 | 安徽泓森高科林业股份有限公司 | A kind of composite microbe fertilizer |
| CN109970490A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-05 | 安徽泓森高科林业股份有限公司 | A kind of composite microbiological fertilizer suitable for leguminous plant |
| CN110066205A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-07-30 | 郑州浩创农业科技有限公司 | A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE microbial manure and preparation method thereof |
| CN113061064A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-02 | 云南云天化股份有限公司 | Inorganic fertilizer containing microorganisms and preparation method thereof |
| CN116924858A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-24 | 山东万物新农业科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer capable of saving chemical fertilizer and pesticide, increasing yield and improving quality and preparation method and application method thereof |
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