CN104904361A - Water-saving fertilizing method for wheat - Google Patents

Water-saving fertilizing method for wheat Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104904361A
CN104904361A CN201510245607.0A CN201510245607A CN104904361A CN 104904361 A CN104904361 A CN 104904361A CN 201510245607 A CN201510245607 A CN 201510245607A CN 104904361 A CN104904361 A CN 104904361A
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wheat
fertilizing
water
stalk
conducted
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赵建荣
汪建飞
高祥
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a water-saving fertilizing method for wheat. The water-saving fertilizing method comprises the steps that 1 seeding is conducted before winter, and land is arranged into strip-shaped farmland before the seeding is conducted; seeding is conducted, a fertilizing groove is arranged in the middle position of two adjacent rows, the fertilizing groove is divided into two types, namely a deep groove and a shallow groove, the deep groove and the shallow groove are arranged at an interval, and then fertilizing is conducted; after the fertilizing is conducted, fertilizer is covered with straw or straw fermentation materials; 2 when the wheat is in a period from a jointing stage to booting stage, one-time irrigating is conducted, by adopting the mode that irrigating is limited in quantity and conducted on separated farmland, the two adjacent farmland is irrigated with 35-45 mm water and 15-25 mm of water respectively; 3 when the wheat is in a grain filling stage, by adopting the mode that the irrigating is limited in quantity and conducted on separated farmland, the water irrigating amount of the two adjacent farmland is exchanged with irrigating last time. According to the water-saving fertilizing method for the wheat, the fertilizing method is scientific and reasonable, the use ratio of the fertilizer is effectively improved, the labor intensity of fertilizing is relieved, the water used for irrigating is effectively used, the water resources are saved, the important economic significance and social significance are achieved, and the method is worth using and popularizing.

Description

The water saving fertilizing method of wheat
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water saving fertilizing method of a grow wheat.
Background technology
China has a large population and a few land, reach self-sufficiency, to solve the task of eating and drinking to one's heart's content heavy, wherein one of the main reasons is that fertilizer practice falls behind, peasant is fertilising blindly, cause that crops benefit is low, product are shoddy, more can not make full use of, excavate land resources, have impact on the quick raising of our people's living standard and the develop rapidly of national strength.
Wheat is important cereal crops, is one of most important grain ration of China, and Wheat indurstry development is directly connected to national food security and social stability.At present, China peasant is in the plantation fertilising process of wheat, and ubiquity: the phenomenon of " fertilising is many in; not according to own soil fertility, disorderly comparation and assessment after receiving, and seed manure is true and false ", be embodied in: the crop yield of which peasant household is high, just and then corresponding variety name, fertilizing method run; Most peasant listens the explanation of chemical fertilizer dealer, oneself can not judge, more can not science use; Various in style again due to chemical fertilizer, quality differs, and this greatly reduces the enthusiasm that peasant efficiently plants ground.How science, be urgent problem to wheat fertilizing effectively, expeditiously.
In addition, saving water resource is corporation responsibility and the hope of the people of the world.China is large agricultural country, and water rich and influential family is used in farmland, and water consumption accounts for greatly 80% of national water total amount, but that is wherein really used by crops is less than 30%, and a large amount of water has evaporated in irrigation process.Therefore, improve irrigation method, Developing Water-saving Agriculture, saving water resource is also urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, for overcoming the defects such as fertilizer practice in prior art is backward, irrigation water capacity is large, availability is low, the invention provides the water saving fertilizing method of a grow wheat, its fertilizer practice science, rationally, efficiency is high, and the availability of irrigation water is high, can effective saving water resource.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The water saving fertilizing method of one grow wheat, comprises the following steps:
(1) consolidation, sowing, fertilising: sow before entering the winter, before sowing, consolidation is become the bar shaped furrow of (1 ~ 2) m × (8 ~ 24) m specification; Sowing, the line space of sowing is 20 ~ 40cm, and dressing furrow is managed out in the centre position of adjacent rows, and dressing furrow is divided into two kinds: zanjon and shallow ridges, wherein, the degree of depth of zanjon is 8 ~ 10cm, and the degree of depth of shallow ridges is 4 ~ 5cm, and it (that is: is a shallow ridges between adjacent two zanjons that zanjon, shallow ridges interval are arranged, be a zanjon between adjacent two shallow ridges), fertilising, the fertilizing amount of zanjon is 70 ~ 80% of total fertilization amount, and the fertilizing amount of shallow ridges is 20 ~ 30% of total fertilization amount; After fertilising, stalks mulching or stalk fermentation thing on fertilizer, the cladding thickness of zanjon is 2 ~ 3cm, and the cladding thickness of shallow ridges is 1 ~ 2cm, then earthing, arranges smooth;
Preferably, the fertilizer used is Winter wheat slow release fertilizer, is to be made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight: normal superphosphate 41%, potassium chloride 4%, humic acid 4.0 ~ 6.5%, diatomite 3 ~ 5%, and surplus is urea; Prepare by the following method: pulverized by each raw material, mixing mixing, conventional granulation, drying, to obtain final product; The fertilizing amount of this fertilizer is: 90 ~ 110kg/ mu, preferred 100kg/ mu;
Described stalk is wheat stalk or rice straw, before covering, with cutting equipment, stalk is cut into the segment of length 3 ~ 5cm;
Described stalk fermentation thing prepares by the following method: first, with cutting equipment, wheat stalk or rice straw are cut into the segment of length 3 ~ 5cm, then drench with water, add cow dung (weight ratio of cow dung and stalk is 1: 5 ~ 8), mixing, heap fermentation (containing the bacterium needed for fermentation in cow dung), turning in 5 ~ 10 days once, namely obtains stalk fermentation thing after 30 ~ 40 days;
(2) wheat is in jointing and once irrigates to during booting stage, adopts every furrow Limited Irrigation method, and adjacent two furrow are poured water 35 ~ 45mm (preferred 40mm) and 15 ~ 25mm (preferred 20mm) respectively;
(3) once irrigate when wheat is in the pustulation period, adopt every furrow Limited Irrigation method, the irrigation quantity of adjacent two furrow and exchanging when watering last time, namely watered this time pouring 15 ~ 25mm of 35 ~ 45mm last time, watered this time pouring 35 ~ 45mm of 15 ~ 25mm last time.
The water saving fertilizing method of wheat of the present invention, fertilizer practice science, rationally, efficiency is high, and the availability of irrigation water is high, can effective saving water resource, has following characteristics:
(1) fertilizer used is slow-release fertilizer, its nutrient component discharged step by step in the time of infertility of wheat, the fertilizer demand of wheat in each period can be met, only need apply fertilizer once the time of infertility winter wheat, the fertilizing method revolutionize traditional base manure, topdressing.
(2) have employed the layer-stepping fertilizing method of different depth, adapt to the root growth feature of Wheat Seedling, initial stage wheat root absorbs the fertilizer in shallow ridges in short-term, the fertilizer in zanjon is absorbed when later stage, wheat root was long, effectively meet the fertilizer demand in wheat whole seedling stage, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, coordinates the slowly-releasing feature of slow-release fertilizer, only needs single-dose application can meet the demand of growing of wheat.
(3) stalks mulching or stalk fermentation thing on fertilizer after fertilising, its object has three, and one, control the loss of fertilizer; Two, stalk or stalk fermentation thing can be wheat and provide the nutrient growing required (amino acid, trace element etc.), are conducive to growing of wheat; Three, after irrigating, stalk or the adsorbable certain moisture of stalk fermentation thing, effectively alleviate the loss (evaporate, and moisture being to the infiltration of deep soil) of moisture, improve the availability of irrigation water, effectively saved water resource.
(4) irrigate the mode adopted every furrow Limited Irrigation, effectively, fully make use of irrigation water, improve the availability of irrigation water, effectively saved water resource.
Comprehensive above feature, the water saving fertilizing method of wheat of the present invention, fertilizing method is scientific and reasonable, effectively improves the availability of fertilizer, the labour intensity reducing fertilising (only needs single-dose application, without the need to repeatedly applying fertilizer), efficiently utilize irrigation water, save water resource, simultaneously, remarkable harmful effect be there is no to the output of wheat, even also can increase the output of wheat, there is important economic implications and social effect.The water saving fertilizing method of wheat of the present invention, is applicable to most of wheat planting district, especially the Yellow River middle and lower reaches, the most applicable Shandong District.Suggestion is applied.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment a kind plants wheat
Supply examination winter wheat variety to be stone new 828, in sowing on October 15th, 2012, thickness of sowing is 200,000/mu, sowing area: 20 mu, sowing place: Jinan City, Shandong Province.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) consolidation, sowing, fertilising: sow before entering the winter, before sowing, consolidation is become the bar shaped furrow of (1 ~ 2) m × (8 ~ 24) m specification; Sowing, the line space of sowing is 20 ~ 40cm, and dressing furrow is managed out in the centre position of adjacent rows, and dressing furrow is divided into two kinds: zanjon and shallow ridges, wherein, the degree of depth of zanjon is 8 ~ 10cm, and the degree of depth of shallow ridges is 4 ~ 5cm, and it (that is: is a shallow ridges between adjacent two zanjons that zanjon, shallow ridges interval are arranged, be a zanjon between adjacent two shallow ridges), fertilising, the fertilizing amount of zanjon is 75% of total fertilization amount, and the fertilizing amount of shallow ridges is 25% of total fertilization amount; After fertilising, stalks mulching fermentation product on fertilizer, the cladding thickness of zanjon is 2 ~ 3cm, and the cladding thickness of shallow ridges is 1 ~ 2cm, then earthing, arranges smooth.
The fertilizer used is Winter wheat slow release fertilizer, is to be made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight: normal superphosphate 41%, potassium chloride 4%, humic acid 5.5%, diatomite 5%, and surplus is urea; Prepare by the following method: pulverized by each raw material, mixing mixing, conventional granulation, drying, to obtain final product.Fertilizing amount is: 100kg/ mu.
Described stalk fermentation thing prepares by the following method: first, with cutting equipment, wheat stalk is cut into the segment of length 3 ~ 5cm, then drench with water, add cow dung (weight ratio of cow dung and stalk is 1: 6), mixing, heap fermentation (containing the bacterium needed for fermentation in cow dung), turning in 7 days once, namely obtains stalk fermentation thing after 35 days.
(2) wheat is in jointing and once irrigates to during booting stage (on April 10th, 2013), adopts every furrow Limited Irrigation method, and adjacent two furrow are poured water 40mm and 20mm respectively.
(3) once irrigate when wheat is in the pustulation period (on May 12nd, 2013), adopt every furrow Limited Irrigation method, the irrigation quantity of adjacent two furrow and exchanging when watering last time, that namely watered 40mm last time this time waters 20mm, and that watered 20mm last time this time waters 40mm.
The time of infertility, effective precipitation was 77.4mm.
June gathers in.
Output: gross yield 12485kg, per mu yield: 624.3kg.

Claims (9)

1. the water saving fertilizing method of a grow wheat, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) consolidation, sowing, fertilising: sow before entering the winter, before sowing, consolidation is become the bar shaped furrow of (1 ~ 2) m × (8 ~ 24) m specification; Sowing, the line space of sowing is 20 ~ 40cm, and dressing furrow is managed out in the centre position of adjacent rows, dressing furrow is divided into two kinds: zanjon and shallow ridges, and zanjon, shallow ridges interval are arranged, fertilising, the fertilizing amount of zanjon is 70 ~ 80% of total fertilization amount, and the fertilizing amount of shallow ridges is 20 ~ 30% of total fertilization amount; After fertilising, on fertilizer, stalks mulching or stalk fermentation thing, then earthing, arrange smooth;
(2) wheat is in jointing and once irrigates to during booting stage, adopts every furrow Limited Irrigation method, and adjacent two furrow are poured water 35 ~ 45mm and 15 ~ 25mm respectively;
(3) once irrigate when wheat is in the pustulation period, adopt every furrow Limited Irrigation method, the irrigation quantity of adjacent two furrow and exchanging when watering last time, namely watered this time pouring 15 ~ 25mm of 35 ~ 45mm last time, watered this time pouring 35 ~ 45mm of 15 ~ 25mm last time.
2. the water saving fertilizing method of wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), and the degree of depth of zanjon is 8 ~ 10cm, and the degree of depth of shallow ridges is 4 ~ 5cm.
3. the water saving fertilizing method of wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), and the fertilizing amount of zanjon is 75% of total fertilization amount, and the fertilizing amount of shallow ridges is 25% of total fertilization amount.
4. the water saving fertilizing method of wheat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), the fertilizer used is Winter wheat slow release fertilizer, it is be made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight: normal superphosphate 41%, potassium chloride 4%, humic acid 4.0 ~ 6.5%, diatomite 3 ~ 5%, surplus is urea.
5. the water saving fertilizing method of wheat according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the fertilizing amount of described Winter wheat slow release fertilizer is: 90 ~ 110kg/ mu, preferred 100kg/ mu.
6. the water saving fertilizing method of wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), described stalk is wheat stalk or rice straw, before covering, with cutting equipment, stalk is cut into the segment of length 3 ~ 5cm.
7. the water saving fertilizing method of wheat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), described stalk fermentation thing prepares by the following method: first, with cutting equipment, wheat stalk or rice straw are cut into the segment of length 3 ~ 5cm, then drench with water, add cow dung (weight ratio of cow dung and stalk is 1: 5 ~ 8), mixing, heap fermentation, turning in 5 ~ 10 days once, namely obtains stalk fermentation thing after 30 ~ 40 days.
8. the water saving fertilizing method of wheat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), in zanjon, the cladding thickness of stalk or stalk fermentation thing is 2 ~ 3cm, in shallow ridges stalk or stalk fermentation thing cladding thickness be 1 ~ 2cm.
9. the water saving fertilizing method of wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2), and adjacent two furrow are poured water 40mm and 20mm respectively.
CN201510245607.0A 2015-05-14 2015-05-14 Water-saving fertilizing method for wheat Pending CN104904361A (en)

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105900792A (en) * 2016-06-12 2016-08-31 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Water-saving irrigation method based on winter wheat seedling condition and soil moisture content
CN105961001A (en) * 2016-05-28 2016-09-28 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 Water saving, water and soil conservation and water-fertilizer regulation and control method for arid region river valley sandy thin soil layer winter wheat slop cropland
CN106069525A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-09 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use high zinc fertilizer every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil Mains Zumi thereof
CN106069600A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-09 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use amino acid fertilizer every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil ailanthus altissima (mill.) swingle thereof
CN106105963A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-16 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use microbial manure every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis thereof
CN106105528A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-16 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use high selenium fertile every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in the Fructus Lycii of plantation salt-soda soil thereof
CN106106040A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-16 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use silicate fertilizer every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil Chinese juniper thereof
CN106171829A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-12-07 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use high calcareous fertilisers every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil false indigo thereof
CN106748399A (en) * 2016-11-19 2017-05-31 蚌埠市涂山村富民石榴专业合作社 A kind of fertilizing method of wheat
CN107211697A (en) * 2017-06-22 2017-09-29 贵州省安顺市黔艺贝纺织有限公司 A kind of yam planting method and fertilizer
CN108575612A (en) * 2018-03-28 2018-09-28 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 The wheat planting method of straw-returning
CN109804747A (en) * 2019-03-28 2019-05-28 河北农业大学 A kind of wheat slow-release fertilizer fertilizing method
CN111226724A (en) * 2020-03-19 2020-06-05 苏宗然 Cultivation method for green prevention and control efficient cost-saving production of scutellaria baicalensis
CN111406592A (en) * 2020-05-12 2020-07-14 黑龙江省农垦科学院 Winter sowing cultivation method for spring wheat
CN114375785A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-22 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Seedling raising method for selenium-rich rice seedlings

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105961001A (en) * 2016-05-28 2016-09-28 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 Water saving, water and soil conservation and water-fertilizer regulation and control method for arid region river valley sandy thin soil layer winter wheat slop cropland
CN105961001B (en) * 2016-05-28 2019-03-12 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 Arid biogeographic zone river valley chiltern thin soil layer winter wheat sloping upland is water-saving with water and soil conservation water-fertilizer conditioning method
CN105900792A (en) * 2016-06-12 2016-08-31 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Water-saving irrigation method based on winter wheat seedling condition and soil moisture content
CN105900792B (en) * 2016-06-12 2018-10-26 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 A kind of water-saving irrigation method based on Winter-wheat Seedling Circumstances and soil moisture content
CN106105963A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-16 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use microbial manure every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis thereof
CN106105528A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-16 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use high selenium fertile every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in the Fructus Lycii of plantation salt-soda soil thereof
CN106106040A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-16 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use silicate fertilizer every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil Chinese juniper thereof
CN106171829A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-12-07 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use high calcareous fertilisers every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil false indigo thereof
CN106069600A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-09 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use amino acid fertilizer every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil ailanthus altissima (mill.) swingle thereof
CN106069525A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-09 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 A kind of use high zinc fertilizer every furrow Limited Irrigation method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil Mains Zumi thereof
CN106748399A (en) * 2016-11-19 2017-05-31 蚌埠市涂山村富民石榴专业合作社 A kind of fertilizing method of wheat
CN107211697A (en) * 2017-06-22 2017-09-29 贵州省安顺市黔艺贝纺织有限公司 A kind of yam planting method and fertilizer
CN108575612A (en) * 2018-03-28 2018-09-28 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 The wheat planting method of straw-returning
CN109804747A (en) * 2019-03-28 2019-05-28 河北农业大学 A kind of wheat slow-release fertilizer fertilizing method
CN111226724A (en) * 2020-03-19 2020-06-05 苏宗然 Cultivation method for green prevention and control efficient cost-saving production of scutellaria baicalensis
CN111406592A (en) * 2020-05-12 2020-07-14 黑龙江省农垦科学院 Winter sowing cultivation method for spring wheat
CN114375785A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-22 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 Seedling raising method for selenium-rich rice seedlings

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