CN114375785A - Seedling raising method for selenium-rich rice seedlings - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for selenium-rich rice seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings. The method comprises the following steps: sunning the seeds; soaking seeds; accelerating germination; sowing; and (5) seedling stage management. According to the invention, the selenium-rich fertilizer and the rice seeds are spatially and physically isolated in the early stage of seedling culture by using the straw substrate mat, so that the germination of the rice seeds in the early stage is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings, and belongs to the field of seedling raising.
Background
Selenium is a trace element necessary for human body, has good effects of resisting oxidation, resisting aging and cancer, and also has antithrombotic, blood lipid reducing, and liver detoxicating effects. Selenium deficiency may lead to Kaschin-Beck disease and keshan disease. However, 72% of areas in China are in a selenium deficiency state and a low selenium state, and the daily selenium intake of all people is only about 40 mu g according to the results of 13 provinces general investigation, which is lower than the daily supplement of 60-250 mu g recommended by the Chinese academy of nutrition. Therefore, the demand of residents in China for selenium-rich foods is increasingly urgent.
Rice is one of the main grain crops in China. The selenium-rich functionalization of the rice can improve the intake of selenium for people. The selenium-rich rice seedlings realize the synchronous rice seedling raising and selenium enrichment, and the workload of rice selenium enrichment in the later period is reduced. The common selenium-rich rice is produced by mixing and stirring selenium-rich fertilizer and seedling raising soil, and the method cannot isolate the influence of the selenium-rich fertilizer on the rice seedling stage and reduce the germination rate of rice seedlings. The seedling raising soil with high selenium content after the rice sprouts to 2-3 leaf ages has toxic action on the growth of the rice. The normal growth and development of the rice can not be ensured, and the germination rate is less than 80 percent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method for raising seedlings of selenium-rich rice, which can not only increase the selenium content of rice seedlings, but also increase the germination rate of rice.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) sun-drying seeds: sun-seeding for 1-2 days 7-10 days before seedling culture;
2) seed selection: soaking seeds in clear water, and removing flat grains, half-full grains and diseased grains;
3) seed soaking: soaking the seeds selected in the step 2) in water at 30-40 ℃ for 22-28 hours, then soaking the seeds in strong chlorine essence with 280-320 times of liquid for 10-14 hours, and then repeatedly washing the seeds for 5-6 times;
4) accelerating germination: putting the seeds obtained in the step 3) into a gauze bag, soaking the gauze bag in water with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 20-22 hours, and turning over the seeds once every 3-4 hours to ensure that 85% -90% of the rice achieves chest breaking;
5) sowing: raising seedlings at 20-30 disks per mu, uniformly spreading 40-160 g/disk selenium-rich coated organic fertilizer on a seedling raising disk, and then filling straw matrix blocks on the organic fertilizer; covering 1.2-1.8cm of seedling raising soil, watering to completely wet the surface soil of the seedling raising soil, sowing seeds at 3.0-4.0 kg/mu, and finally covering 0.4-0.6cm of soil; then the seedling tray after sowing is superposed for darkening treatment with the action period of 2-2.5 days so as to ensure that the rice bud grows to 1-1.5 cm;
6) seedling stage management: after the rice seedlings are flush, the sprinkling irrigation is carried out at ten o 'clock and three o' clock in the afternoon every day, and the watering is carried out until the bottom of the seedling tray is permeated with water.
Further, in the step 5), the length, the width and the height of the straw substrate block are respectively 58cm, 28cm and 0.2cm, and the length, the width and the height of the seedling tray are respectively 58cm, 28cm and 2 cm.
Further, in the step 5), the water rate of the straw substrate block is less than or equal to 14%.
Further, in the step 5), the straw substrate block is made of rice straw, wheat straw or corn straw.
Further, in the step 5), the seedling raising soil consists of, by weight, 60-70 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 12-20 parts of humic acid raw powder, 15-20 parts of field soil, naphthylacetic acid, 0.09-0.1 part of diammonium phosphate, 0.09-0.1 part of potassium sulfate and 0.045-0.05 part of zinc sulfate.
Further, in the step 5), the decomposed sheep manure is prepared by the following steps:
(1) mixing sheep manure and straw powder, then adding corn flour and strains, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; stirring the obtained mixture for 15-20 minutes at the speed of 30-40r/min to obtain an ingredient;
(2) piling the obtained ingredients into strips, and turning and throwing the strips once every 2 to 3 days;
(3) composting for 2-3 days, heating for 4-5 days, loosening for 6-7 days, and making into fertilizer for 8-9 days;
(4) and (3) turning the fermented fertilizer pile to cool the core of the pile to 20-30 ℃, then crushing the pile to be less than 0.5cm, granulating, drying, dehydrating and screening to obtain the decomposed sheep manure.
Further, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the sheep manure to the straw powder is (6-6.5): (6.4-6.5).
Further, in step (2), the dimensions of the strip are as follows: the width is 1.5 m-2 m, and the height is 0.8 m-1 m.
Further, in step 5), the soil is prepared by the following steps: grinding sandy loam into fine sandy soil of 20 meshes to obtain the field soil.
Further, in step 6), the seedling management specifically includes: after the rice seedlings are flush, the sprinkling irrigation is carried out at ten o 'clock and three o' clock in the afternoon every day, and the watering is carried out until the bottom of the seedling tray is permeated with water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the selenium-rich fertilizer and the rice seeds are spatially and physically isolated in the early stage of seedling culture by using the straw substrate mat, so that the germination of the rice seeds in the early stage is not influenced;
2. the method of the invention has simple operation, low cost and easy popularization;
3. the method of the invention enables the rice to simultaneously sow seed manure and selenium-rich organic fertilizer in the seedling stage, not only reduces the cost of subsequent artificial fertilization, but also can carry out large-scale production of the selenium-rich rice seedlings, so that farmers can directly buy high-quality and selenium-rich rice seedlings, and provides reference for the feasibility of the future selenium-rich seedling raising factory.
4. The method of the invention is easy for mechanized production and standardized production.
5. The method of the invention improves the rate of emergence of the selenium-rich rice seedlings and saves the cost.
6. The selenium-rich seedlings cultivated by the method are 1-2cm higher than rice seedlings in the same period in the seedling period and after being transplanted into a field, and the rice seedlings are stronger and grow better.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention and to practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the following materials, reagents and the like are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art; unless otherwise specified, all methods are well known in the art. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The following procedures or conditions, which are not specifically mentioned, may be performed according to the procedures or conditions of the conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) sun-drying seeds: sun-seeding for 1-2 days one week before seedling culture; particularly, sunning is carried out in sunny weather, and the effects that partial germs on the seed surface can be killed by sunlight ultraviolet rays, meanwhile, the seed moisture is consistent, the germination vigor of rice seeds is improved, the germination is neat, and seedlings are uniform and strong.
2) Seed selection: soaking seeds in clear water, and removing flat grains, half-full grains and diseased grains;
specifically, the seeds are selected by clear water, and the rice seeds are soaked by water for 10 cm. Stirring with a strainer to remove flat grains, half-full grains and diseased grains. The seed selection by the clear water is superior to the seed selection by the low cost and the simple operation, and is easy to be used by the broad farmers.
3) Seed soaking: soaking the seeds selected in the step 2) in water at 30-40 ℃ for 22-28 hours, then soaking in strong chlorine essence with 280-320 times of liquid (diluted with 280-320 times) for 10-14 hours, and then repeatedly re-washing the seeds for 5-6 times to completely remove the medicine smell and then accelerating germination. The strong chlorine essence is an antibacterial agent, has unique killing effect on bacterial stripe disease, bacterial leaf blight, bakanae disease and rice blast germs after seed soaking, and has the advantages that the bacterial source brought by introducing seeds in other places is controlled, so that the bacterial source is not harmful in local circulation; secondly, the germs attached to the surface of the seeds are killed after the seeds are treated, so that the medicine using times and the medicine using amount in the field growth period can be reduced.
4) Accelerating germination: putting the seeds obtained in the step 3) into a gauze bag, soaking the gauze bag in water with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 20-22 hours, and turning over the seeds once every 3-4 hours to ensure that 85% -90% of the rice achieves chest breaking;
5) sowing: 20-30 disks/mu (25 disks are optimal, the rice seedling density is moderate) are used for raising rice seedlings, 40-160 g/disk (80 g/disk dosage is optimal when seedling emergence and the rice selenium content are achieved) of the selenium-rich coated organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered on the rice seedling raising disk, and then straw matrix blocks are padded on the organic fertilizer; covering 1.2-1.8cm of seedling raising soil, watering to completely wet the surface soil of the seedling raising soil, seeding at 3.0-4.0 kg/mu, and finally covering 0.4-0.6cm of soil by an automatic seedling raising machine to cover the rice seeds; then the seedling tray after sowing is superposed for darkening treatment with the action period of 2-2.5 days so as to ensure that the rice bud grows to 1-1.5 cm; the seedling tray after the darkening treatment is spread on an open space (for normal growth of rice, spreading for photosynthesis) with good smooth illumination (no shielding objects are arranged around the seedling tray, and sunlight can be normally irradiated on the seedling tray, the ground surface is smooth, and water accumulation and depression during watering are avoided) for seedling stage management; the substrate block is used for isolating the selenium fertilizer and the seeds;
6) seedling stage management: after the rice seedlings are flush, the sprinkling irrigation is carried out at ten o 'clock and three o' clock in the afternoon every day, and the watering is carried out until the bottom of the seedling tray is permeated with water. The seedling raising period, the high temperature beginning period in summer, and the time period from ten noons to three afternoons are the time period with the highest temperature in one day, in order to ensure that the rice is not burnt by the high temperature, watering and cooling are carried out once before ten noons, and the watering and cooling are carried out again because the insolation temperature of the water after three noons is increased.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 5), the length, width and height of the straw substrate block are 58cm, 28cm and 0.2cm respectively, and the length, width and height of the seedling tray are 58cm, 28cm and 2cm respectively.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 5), the straw matrix mass has a water rate of 14% or less.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 5), the straw substrate block is made of rice straw, wheat straw or corn straw.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step 5), the seedling raising soil comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 12-20 parts of humic acid raw powder, 15-20 parts of field soil, naphthylacetic acid, 0.09-0.1 part of diammonium phosphate, 0.09-0.1 part of potassium sulfate and 0.045-0.05 part of zinc sulfate.
The functions of the components are as follows:
humic acid: it can increase soil nutrition; humic acid has strong enriching capacity on nutrient elements in soil, and can protect and store the nutrient elements.
Sheep manure: it is a main raw material for decomposition and provides nutrients required by the fertilizer.
And (3) field soil: it can provide comprehensive nutrients for crops, promote the reproduction of microbes, and preserve fertilizer and water.
Naphthalene acetic acid: the main functions are to stimulate the growth of plants and the rooting of cuttings.
Diammonium phosphate: it contains two nutritive elements of nitrogen and phosphorus, which are essential for crop growth, and nitrogen is an important element for protein.
Potassium sulfate: it can promote the growth of crops and increase the yield of crops.
Zinc sulfate: it can prevent physiological diseases caused by zinc deficiency of crops.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step 5), the decomposed sheep manure may be prepared by:
(1) mixing the following components in percentage by weight (6-6.5): (6.4-6.5) mixing the sheep manure with the straw powder, then adding the corn flour and the strain, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; the corn flour has the function of increasing sugar for strain fermentation, so that the multidimensional complex enzyme bacteria quickly occupy absolute advantages. The weight ratio of the strain to the sheep manure is (0.5-1.5): 5000; the weight ratio of the corn flour to the sheep manure is (5-10): 1000. the water content of the sheep manure is 60-66%; the dosage of the sheep manure depends on the water content of the sheep manure, and the water content of 45 percent is generally required for fermentation, namely the sheep manure is kneaded into a ball by hand, water is sewed by fingers, but the water does not drip, and the sheep manure is dispersed after being loosened by hand. The length of the straw is 3-5 cm. The straw may be selected from corn straw, wheat straw or rice straw, and is not particularly limited herein.
(2) Adding the obtained mixture into a stirrer, stirring for 15-20 minutes at a speed of 30-40r/min, and stirring uniformly until no raw block is left.
(3) The stirred ingredients are piled into strips with the width of 1.5-2 meters and the height of 0.8-1 meter, and the strips are turned and thrown by a turner once every 2-3 days.
(4) Composting for 2-3 days, heating for 4-5 days, loosening for 6-7 days, perfuming for 8-9 days, and fertilizing for 10-12 days.
1. The temperature of the composting can reach 60-80 ℃ in 2-3 days, and diseases and insect pests such as escherichia coli, insect eggs and the like are killed;
2. eliminating odor of sheep manure in 4-5 days; the compost becomes loose, dry and comfortable in 6 to 7 days and overgrows with white hypha;
3. emitting a distiller's yeast fragrance on day 8-9;
4. the bacterial manure is fermented and matured on the 10 th to 12 th days.
(5) And (3) turning the fermented fertilizer pile to cool the core of the pile to 20-30 ℃, and then crushing the core to less than 0.5cm to obtain the decomposed sheep manure.
Further, in step 5), the soil is prepared by the following steps: grinding sandy loam into fine sandy soil of 20 meshes to obtain the field soil. The sandy loam is sterile sandy loam.
Further, in step 6), the seedling management specifically includes: after the rice seedlings are flush, the sprinkling irrigation is carried out at ten o 'clock and three o' clock in the afternoon every day, and the watering is carried out until the bottom of the seedling tray is permeated with water.
The seedling raising period, the high temperature beginning period in summer, and the time period from ten noons to three afternoons are the time period with the highest temperature in one day, in order to ensure that the rice is not burnt by the high temperature, watering and cooling are carried out once before ten noons, and the watering and cooling are carried out again because the insolation temperature of the water after three noons is increased.
If the seedlings grow to be shorter, thinner and weaker, the key point of strong seedling cultivation is to control excessive growth according to actual conditions, and paclobutrazol has the functions of inhibiting seedling elongation and promoting tillering, can improve the chlorophyll content of the seedlings, enhances the activity of enzyme, is beneficial to metabolism, and enhances the drought resistance and cold resistance. Spraying the mixture 15 days after seedling emergence, and mixing 0.2-0.3 g of paclobutrazol with the concentration of 15 wt% per square meter and 0.03-0.04g of the mixture to obtain the seedling iodine alginate with good dwarfing and tillering effects. Strong seedling standard: the seedling age is 30-35 days, the leaf age is 3-3.5 leaves, the seedling height is 12-14 cm, the number of single seedling roots is 9-11, the stem thickness is 2.5-3 mm, the dry weight of hundred plants is 3-3.5 g, and the tiller percentage is more than 30%.
The following is a further description with reference to specific examples.
Materials used in examples 1-4 below: selenium-rich coated organic fertilizer (with selenium content of 6000mg/kg, obtained from Suzhou selenium grain science and technology Co., Ltd.); straw matrix block (which is a rice straw matrix block 58 x wide 28 x high 0.2); seedling raising soil (composed of 65 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 16 parts of humic acid raw powder (purchased from Shanxi Feng Jia Biotech limited), 17 parts of field soil (which is 20-mesh fine sandy soil), naphthylacetic acid, 0.1 part of diammonium phosphate, 0.1 part of potassium sulfate and 0.05 part of zinc sulfate); seedling raising trays (plastic hard disks with length 58 x width 28 x height 2 cm).
The slow release time testing method comprises the following steps: detecting the selenium content once in the seedling stage and detecting the selenium content once in the rice mature stage so as to test the absorption condition of the selenium content of the rice.
The decomposed sheep manure can be prepared by the following steps:
(1) mixing the components in a weight ratio of 6.5: 6.4, mixing the sheep manure with the straw powder, then adding the corn flour and the strains, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; the weight ratio of the strain to the sheep manure is 1: 5000; the weight ratio of the corn flour to the sheep manure is 6: 1000. the water content of the sheep manure is 64%; the length of the straw is 3cm, and the straw can be rice straw.
(2) The obtained mixture was added to a stirrer and stirred at 30r/min for 15 minutes.
(3) The stirred ingredients are piled into strips with the width of 1.5 meters and the height of 1 meter, and the strips are turned and thrown by a turner once every 2 days.
(4) Composting for 2 days, raising the temperature, keeping the temperature odorless for 4 days, loosening for 7 days, changing fragrance for 9 days, and getting fertile for 10 days.
1. The temperature of the composting day 2 can reach 70 ℃, and diseases and insect pests such as escherichia coli, worm eggs and the like are killed;
2. the odor of the sheep manure is eliminated on the 4 th day;
3. on the 7 th day, the compost becomes loose, dry and comfortable and overgrows with white hypha;
4. a koji flavor is emitted on day 9;
5. and on the 10 th day, the bacterial manure is fermented and matured.
(5) And (3) turning the fermented fertilizer pile to cool the core of the pile to 25 ℃, and then crushing the core of the pile to 0.5cm to obtain the decomposed sheep manure.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) sun-drying seeds: sun-seeding for 2 days 7 days before seedling culture;
2) seed selection: soaking seeds in clear water, and removing flat grains, half-full grains and diseased grains;
3) seed soaking: soaking the seeds selected in the step 2) in water at 35 ℃ for 25 hours, then soaking the seeds in 300 times of strong chlorine essence for 12 hours, and then repeatedly washing the seeds again and again for 5 times;
4) accelerating germination: putting the seeds obtained in the step 3) into a gauze bag, soaking the gauze bag in water at 35 ℃ for 22 hours, and turning over the seeds once every 4 hours to ensure that 90 percent of rice achieves chest breaking;
5) sowing: the method is characterized in that 25 trays/mu are used for seedling raising, 40g of selenium-rich coated organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered on each seedling raising tray on an automatic seedling raising machine production line, and 1 straw substrate block is padded on the fertilizer of each seedling raising tray to play a role in isolation. Covering with 1.5cm of seedling raising soil (4 kg/tray) by a seedling raising machine, uniformly watering the surface of the seedling raising soil by the seedling raising machine to wet a soil layer (to water to a substrate layer with the thickness of 1.5 cm), seeding at 3.5 kg/mu, and finally covering soil with 0.3cm by an automatic seedling raising machine. And then the seedling trays after sowing are overlapped for darkening treatment for 3 days. The seedling tray after the darkening treatment is spread on a flat and well-lighted open ground.
6) Seedling stage management: after the rice seedlings are flush, the rice seedlings are irrigated by sprinkling at ten points and three points in the afternoon every day until the bottom of the seedling tray is permeated with water, so that high-temperature bud burning is prevented. If the seedlings grow to be shorter, thinner and weaker, the key point of strong seedling cultivation is to control excessive growth according to actual conditions, and paclobutrazol has the functions of inhibiting seedling elongation and promoting tillering, can improve the chlorophyll content of the seedlings, enhances the activity of enzyme, is beneficial to metabolism, and enhances the drought resistance and cold resistance. Spraying the mixture 15 days after seedling emergence, and mixing 0.03g of 15 percent paclobutrazol 0.25 g per square meter to obtain the seedling iodine alginate with good dwarfing and tillering-promoting effect.
After the seedlings grow to one leaf stage, a seedling cleaning agent is sprayed timely, 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter, or 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter by using rhizoctonia solani, so that the seedling green blight and bacterial wilt can be effectively prevented. The test of rice germination is carried out in the seventh day from the sowing day, and the test shows that the germination rate reaches 95 percent, wherein the germination rate of the rice is 100 percent (the number of the germinated seeds/the number of the tested seeds). The total selenium content in the seedling stage reaches 12.29mg/kg according to the standard GB 5009-2016, and the selenium content in the rice reaches 65 mug/kg in the mature stage of the rice.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) sun-drying seeds: sun-seeding for 2 days 7 days before seedling culture;
2) seed selection: soaking seeds in clear water, and removing flat grains, half-full grains and diseased grains;
3) seed soaking: soaking the seeds selected in the step 2) in water at 35 ℃ for 25 hours, then soaking the seeds in 300 times of strong chlorine essence for 12 hours, and then repeatedly washing the seeds again and again for 5 times;
4) accelerating germination: putting the seeds obtained in the step 3) into a gauze bag, soaking the gauze bag in water at 35 ℃ for 22 hours, and turning over the seeds once every 4 hours to ensure that 90 percent of rice achieves chest breaking;
5) sowing: the rice seedlings are raised in 25 trays/mu, 80g of selenium-rich coated organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered on each seedling raising tray on an automatic seedling raising machine production line, and then 1 straw substrate block is padded on the fertilizer of each seedling raising tray to play a role in isolation. Covering with 1.5cm of seedling raising soil (4 kg/tray) by a seedling raising machine, uniformly watering the surface of the seedling raising soil by the seedling raising machine to wet a soil layer (to water to a substrate layer with the thickness of 1.5 cm), seeding at 3.5 kg/mu, and finally covering soil with 0.3cm by an automatic seedling raising machine. And then the seedling trays after sowing are overlapped for darkening treatment for 3 days. The seedling tray after the darkening treatment is spread on a flat and well-lighted open ground.
6) Seedling stage management: after the rice seedlings are flush, the rice seedlings are irrigated by sprinkling at ten points and three points in the afternoon every day until the bottom of the seedling tray is permeated with water, so that high-temperature bud burning is prevented. If the seedlings grow to be shorter, thinner and weaker, the key point of strong seedling cultivation is to control excessive growth according to actual conditions, and paclobutrazol has the functions of inhibiting seedling elongation and promoting tillering, can improve the chlorophyll content of the seedlings, enhances the activity of enzyme, is beneficial to metabolism, and enhances the drought resistance and cold resistance. Spraying the mixture 15 days after seedling emergence, and mixing 0.03g of 15 percent paclobutrazol 0.25 g per square meter to obtain the seedling iodine alginate with good dwarfing and tillering-promoting effect.
After the seedlings grow to one leaf stage, a seedling cleaning agent is sprayed timely, 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter, or 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter by using rhizoctonia solani, so that the seedling green blight and bacterial wilt can be effectively prevented. The test of rice germination is carried out in the seventh day from the sowing day, and the test shows that the germination rate reaches 90 percent, wherein the germination rate of the rice is 100 percent (the number of the germinated seeds/the number of the tested seeds). The total selenium content in the seedling stage reaches 14.98mg/kg according to the standard GB 5009-2016, and the selenium content in the rice reaches 80 mug/kg in the mature stage of the rice.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) sun-drying seeds: sun-seeding for 2 days 7 days before seedling culture;
2) seed selection: soaking seeds in clear water, and removing flat grains, half-full grains and diseased grains;
3) seed soaking: soaking the seeds selected in the step 2) in water at 35 ℃ for 25 hours, then soaking the seeds in 300 times of strong chlorine essence for 12 hours, and then repeatedly washing the seeds again and again for 5 times;
4) accelerating germination: putting the seeds obtained in the step 3) into a gauze bag, soaking the gauze bag in water at 35 ℃ for 22 hours, and turning over the seeds once every 4 hours to ensure that 90 percent of rice achieves chest breaking;
5) sowing: the seedling is raised in 25 trays/mu, 120g of selenium-rich coated organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered on each seedling raising tray on an automatic seedling raising machine production line, and 1 straw substrate block is padded on the fertilizer of each seedling raising tray to play an isolation role. Covering 1.5cm of seedling raising soil (4 kg/tray) by a seedling raising machine, uniformly watering the surface of the seedling raising soil by the seedling raising machine to wet a soil layer (to water to a substrate layer with the thickness of 1.5 cm), sowing at 3.5 kg/mu, and finally covering 0.3cm of soil by an automatic seedling raising machine. And then the seedling trays after sowing are overlapped for darkening treatment for 3 days. The seedling tray after the darkening treatment is spread on a flat and well-lighted open ground.
6) Seedling stage management: after the rice seedlings are flush, the rice seedlings are irrigated by sprinkling at ten points and three points in the afternoon every day until the bottom of the seedling tray is permeated with water, so that high-temperature bud burning is prevented. If the seedlings grow to be shorter, thinner and weaker, the key point of strong seedling cultivation is to control excessive growth according to actual conditions, and paclobutrazol has the functions of inhibiting seedling elongation and promoting tillering, can improve the chlorophyll content of the seedlings, enhances the activity of enzyme, is beneficial to metabolism, and enhances the drought resistance and cold resistance. Spraying the mixture 15 days after seedling emergence, and mixing 0.03g of 15 percent paclobutrazol 0.25 g per square meter to obtain the seedling iodine alginate with good dwarfing and tillering-promoting effect.
After the seedlings grow to one leaf stage, a seedling cleaning agent is sprayed timely, 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter, or 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter by using rhizoctonia solani, so that the seedling green blight and bacterial wilt can be effectively prevented. The test of rice germination is carried out in the seventh day from the sowing day, and the test shows that the germination rate reaches 87 percent, wherein the germination rate of the rice is 100 percent (the number of the germinated seeds/the number of the tested seeds). The total selenium content reaches 24.18mg/kg according to the national standard GB 5009-2016, and the rice selenium content reaches 110 mug/kg according to the rice maturity detection.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) sun-drying seeds: sun-seeding for 2 days 7 days before seedling culture;
2) seed selection: soaking seeds in clear water, and removing flat grains, half-full grains and diseased grains;
3) seed soaking: soaking the seeds selected in the step 2) in water at 35 ℃ for 25 hours, then soaking the seeds in 300 times of strong chlorine essence for 12 hours, and then repeatedly washing the seeds again and again for 5 times;
4) accelerating germination: putting the seeds obtained in the step 3) into a gauze bag, soaking the gauze bag in water at 35 ℃ for 22 hours, and turning over the seeds once every 4 hours to ensure that 90 percent of rice achieves chest breaking;
5) sowing: the rice seedlings are raised in 25 trays/mu, 160g of selenium-rich coated organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered on each seedling raising tray on an automatic seedling raising machine production line, and then 1 straw substrate block is padded on the fertilizer of each seedling raising tray to play a role in isolation. Covering 1.5cm of seedling raising soil (4 kg/disc) by a seedling raising machine, uniformly watering the surface of the seedling raising soil by the seedling raising machine to wet a soil layer, seeding at 3.5 kg/mu, and finally covering 0.3cm of soil (to water to a substrate layer with the thickness of 1.5 cm) by an automatic seedling raising machine. And then the seedling trays after sowing are overlapped for darkening treatment for 3 days. The seedling tray after the darkening treatment is spread on a flat and well-lighted open ground.
6) Seedling stage management: after the rice seedlings are flush, the rice seedlings are irrigated by sprinkling at ten points and three points in the afternoon every day until the bottom of the seedling tray is permeated with water, so that high-temperature bud burning is prevented. If the seedlings grow to be shorter, thinner and weaker, the key point of strong seedling cultivation is to control excessive growth according to actual conditions, and paclobutrazol has the functions of inhibiting seedling elongation and promoting tillering, can improve the chlorophyll content of the seedlings, enhances the activity of enzyme, is beneficial to metabolism, and enhances the drought resistance and cold resistance. Spraying the mixture 15 days after seedling emergence, and mixing 0.03g of 15 percent paclobutrazol 0.25 g per square meter to obtain the seedling iodine alginate with good dwarfing and tillering-promoting effect.
After the seedlings grow to one leaf stage, a seedling cleaning agent is sprayed timely, 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter, or 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter by using rhizoctonia solani, so that the seedling green blight and bacterial wilt can be effectively prevented. The test of rice germination is carried out in the seventh day from the sowing day, and the test shows that the germination rate reaches 85 percent, wherein the germination rate of the rice is 100 percent (the number of the germinated seeds/the number of the tested seeds). The total selenium content reaches 31.89mg/kg according to the national standard GB 5009-2016, and the rice selenium content reaches 130 mug/kg according to the rice maturity detection.
As can be seen from examples 1-4 above: the more the fertilizer is used, the greater the influence on rice seed germination. The invention uses the straw substrate block to isolate the seeds from the selenium-rich fertilizer. The coating treatment of the selenium-rich fertilizer solves the problem of early fertilizer efficiency release in the early period of the fertilizer, and reduces the influence on seed germination and seedling growth and development.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) sun-drying seeds: sun-seeding for 2 days 7 days before seedling culture;
2) seed selection: soaking seeds in clear water, and removing flat grains, half-full grains and diseased grains;
3) seed soaking: soaking at 35 deg.C for about 25 hr;
4) accelerating germination: accelerating germination for 20 hours by using a germinator, so that 90% of rice can break the breast;
5) sowing: and (4) seedling raising is carried out in 25 trays per mu, and 80g of selenium-rich coated organic fertilizer is uniformly sown on each seedling raising tray on an automatic seedling raising machine production line. Covering with 1.5cm of seedling raising soil (4 kg/tray) by a seedling raising machine, uniformly watering on the surface of the seedling raising soil by the seedling raising machine to wet a soil layer (to water to a substrate layer with the thickness of 1.5 cm), and finally covering with 0.3cm of soil. And then the seedling trays after sowing are overlapped for darkening treatment for 3 days. The seedling tray after the darkening treatment is spread on a flat and well-lighted open ground.
6) Seedling stage management: after the rice seedlings are flush, the sprinkling irrigation is carried out at ten o 'clock and three o' clock in the afternoon every day, and the water at the soles is poured to prevent the buds from burning at high temperature. If the seedlings grow to be shorter, thinner and weaker, the key point of strong seedling cultivation is to control excessive growth according to actual conditions, and paclobutrazol has the functions of inhibiting seedling elongation and promoting tillering, can improve the chlorophyll content of the seedlings, enhances the activity of enzyme, is beneficial to metabolism, and enhances the drought resistance and cold resistance. Spraying the mixture 15 days after seedling emergence, and mixing 0.03g of 15 percent paclobutrazol 0.25 g per square meter to obtain the seedling iodine alginate with good dwarfing and tillering-promoting effect.
After the seedlings grow to one leaf stage, a seedling cleaning agent is sprayed timely, 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter, or 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter by using rhizoctonia solani, so that the seedling green blight and bacterial wilt can be effectively prevented. The germination test of rice is carried out in the seventh day from the sowing day, and the germination rate reaches 75 percent through the test, wherein the germination rate of the rice is 100 percent (the number of the germinated seeds/the number of the tested seeds). The total selenium content reaches 15.61mg/kg according to the national standard GB 5009-2016, and the rice selenium content reaches 92 mug/kg according to the rice maturity detection.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) sun-drying seeds: sun-seeding for 2 days 7 days before seedling culture;
2) seed selection: soaking seeds in clear water, and removing flat grains, half-full grains and diseased grains;
3) seed soaking: soaking at 35 deg.C for about 25 hr;
4) accelerating germination: accelerating germination for 20 hours by using a germinator, so that 90% of rice can break the breast;
5) sowing: seedling raising is carried out in 25 trays per mu, and 120g of selenium-rich coated organic fertilizer is uniformly sown on each seedling raising tray on an automatic seedling raising machine production line. The seedling raising machine is used for covering 1.5cm of seedling raising soil, the seedling raising machine is used for uniformly watering the surface of the seedling raising soil to wet a soil layer (to water a substrate layer with the thickness of 1.5 cm), and finally, 0.3cm of soil covering is carried out. And then the seedling trays after sowing are overlapped for darkening treatment for 3 days. The seedling tray after the darkening treatment is spread on a flat and well-lighted open ground.
6) Seedling stage management: after the rice seedlings are flush, the sprinkling irrigation is carried out at ten o 'clock and three o' clock in the afternoon every day, and the water at the soles is poured to prevent the buds from burning at high temperature. If the seedlings grow to be shorter, thinner and weaker, the key point of strong seedling cultivation is to control excessive growth according to actual conditions, and paclobutrazol has the functions of inhibiting seedling elongation and promoting tillering, can improve the chlorophyll content of the seedlings, enhances the activity of enzyme, is beneficial to metabolism, and enhances the drought resistance and cold resistance. Spraying the mixture 15 days after seedling emergence, and mixing 0.03g of 15 percent paclobutrazol 0.25 g per square meter to obtain the seedling iodine alginate with good dwarfing and tillering-promoting effect.
After the seedlings grow to one leaf stage, a seedling cleaning agent is sprayed timely, 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter, or 1 ml of the seedling cleaning agent is sprayed per square meter by using rhizoctonia solani, so that the seedling green blight and bacterial wilt can be effectively prevented. The germination test of rice is carried out in the seventh day from the sowing day, and the germination rate reaches 70% through the test, wherein the germination rate of rice is (the number of the germinated seeds/the number of the tested seeds) × 100%. The total selenium content reaches 19.61mg/kg according to the national standard GB 5009-2016, and the rice selenium content reaches 150 mug/kg according to the rice maturity detection.
The darkening processing includes: and (3) orderly stacking the sowed seedling trays together, wherein 20 seedling trays are stacked and covered by a black sunshade net.
The one-leaf stage is based on the number of main stem leaves, starting from the first complete leaf, and when the leaves are fully developed, it is marked as "1".
As can be seen from the test data of examples 1-4 and comparative columns 1-2, the germination rate of the rice without the straw matrix block is far lower than 85% due to the influence of the toxicity of the selenium fertilizer. The straw matrix block is added for treatment, so that the germination rate is kept above 85 percent, and the germination standard of seedling culture is met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A seedling raising method of selenium-rich rice seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sun-drying seeds: sun-seeding for 1-2 days 7-10 days before seedling culture;
2) seed selection: soaking seeds in clear water, and removing flat grains, half-full grains and diseased grains;
3) seed soaking: soaking the seeds selected in the step 2) in water at 30-40 ℃ for 22-28 hours, then soaking the seeds in strong chlorine essence with 280-320 times of liquid for 10-14 hours, and then repeatedly washing the seeds for 5-6 times;
4) accelerating germination: putting the seeds obtained in the step 3) into a gauze bag, soaking the gauze bag in water with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 20-22 hours, and turning over the seeds once every 3-4 hours to ensure that 85% -90% of the rice achieves chest breaking;
5) sowing: raising seedlings at 20-30 disks per mu, uniformly spreading 40-160 g/disk selenium-rich coated organic fertilizer on a seedling raising disk, and then filling straw matrix blocks on the organic fertilizer; covering 1.2-1.8cm of seedling raising soil, watering to completely wet the surface soil of the seedling raising soil, sowing seeds at 3.0-4.0 kg/mu, and finally covering 0.4-0.6cm of soil; then the seedling tray after sowing is superposed for darkening treatment with the action period of 2-2.5 days so as to ensure that the rice bud grows to 1-1.5 cm;
6) seedling stage management: after the rice seedlings are flush, the sprinkling irrigation is carried out at ten o 'clock and three o' clock in the afternoon every day, and the watering is carried out until the bottom of the seedling tray is permeated with water.
2. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the length, width and height of the straw substrate block are 58cm, 28cm and 0.2cm respectively, and the length, width and height of the seedling tray are 58cm, 28cm and 2cm respectively.
3. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the water content of the straw substrate block is not more than 14%.
4. A seedling raising method according to claim 3, wherein in the step 5), the straw substrate block is made of rice straw, wheat straw or corn straw.
5. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the seedling raising soil consists of, by weight, 60 to 70 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 12 to 20 parts of humic acid raw powder, 15 to 20 parts of field soil, naphthylacetic acid, 0.09 to 0.1 part of diammonium phosphate, 0.09 to 0.1 part of potassium sulfate, and 0.045 to 0.05 part of zinc sulfate.
6. A seedling raising method according to claim 5, characterized in that in step 5), the decomposed sheep manure is prepared by the following steps:
(1) mixing sheep manure and straw powder, then adding corn flour and strains, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; stirring the obtained mixture for 15-20 minutes at the speed of 30-40r/min to obtain an ingredient;
(2) piling the obtained ingredients into strips, and turning and throwing the strips once every 2 to 3 days;
(3) composting for 2-3 days, heating for 4-5 days, loosening for 6-7 days, and making into fertilizer for 8-9 days;
(4) and (3) turning the fermented fertilizer pile to cool the core of the pile to 20-30 ℃, then crushing the pile to be less than 0.5cm, granulating, drying, dehydrating and screening to obtain the decomposed sheep manure.
7. A seedling raising method according to claim 6, characterized in that in the step (1), the weight ratio of the sheep manure to the straw powder is (6-6.5): (6.4-6.5).
8. A method of raising seedlings according to claim 6, characterized in that in step (2), the dimensions of the strips are as follows: the width is 1.5-2 m, and the height is 0.8-1 m.
9. A method of raising seedlings according to claim 5, characterized in that in step 5), the field is prepared by: grinding sandy loam into fine sandy soil of 20 meshes to obtain the field soil.
10. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in step 6), the seedling stage management specifically includes: after the rice seedlings are flush, the sprinkling irrigation is carried out at ten o 'clock and three o' clock in the afternoon every day, and the watering is carried out until the bottom of the seedling tray is permeated with water.
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Application publication date: 20220422 |