CN102440125A - Method of culturing pollution-free tomatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a method of culturing pollution-free tomatoes. Under the precondition of enhancing agricultural control: selecting high-quality and disease-resistant cultivars, carrying out crop rotation, deep ploughing, roasting soil, applying fermented manures and the like, the method focuses on biological control, utilizes efficient and nontoxic bio-pesticides during emergency period of tomato diseases and insect pests, protects natural enemies as far as possible, scientifically and reasonably uses efficient, low-toxicity and low-residue chemical pesticides, strictly controls safety intervals of the pesticides, and reduces application frequency and pesticide concentration to improve tomato quality and produce pollution-free tomatoes.

Description

Nuisanceless method for cultivating tomato

(1) technical field

The invention belongs to agriculture field, specifically a kind of nuisanceless method for cultivating tomato.

(2) background technology

As far back as the twenties in 20th century, just begin to develop pollution-free vegetable abroad, its main mode of production is soilless culture.In New Zealand, fruit vegetableses such as tomato more than half, cucumber are soilless cultures.Developed countries such as Japan, Holland, the U.S. adopt modern water planting greenhouse, produce pollution-free vegetable throughout the year.In addition, aspect the nuisanceless production technology of outdoor vegetable, comparatively deep research and inquirement and large-area applying have also been carried out.

(3) summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nuisanceless method for cultivating tomato; Attach most importance to biological control; Strengthening cultural control: select the high-quality disease-resistant variety, carry out crop rotation, the roasting soil of deep ploughing, execute under the prerequisite of the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed etc.; Use efficient, nontoxic biological agricultural chemicals in the tomato damage by disease and insect emergence period, and manage to protect natural enemy; Select high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residual chemical pesticide scientifically and rationally for use, the safety interval of strict control agricultural chemicals reduces spraying times and uses concentration with reducing, and improves the tomato quality, produces pollution-free vegetable.

(4) specific embodiments

One, cultivation season

The northern territory is the early January sowing in mid-September to next year, gathers to the mid-May in next year by the end of December; Southern areas late Augusts was sowed to mid-December, and gather April in late November to next year.

Two, kind is selected

Select the kind that disease-resistant, heat-resisting, high-quality, high yield, storage tolerance, commodity are good, adapt to market for use.Recommended varieties: inferior vegetables No. six, emerald green red, drakan, red queen.

Three, seedling growing process

1, the preparation before growing seedlings

(1) culture facility: select culture facilities such as plastics hut or common cold bed according to the difference of weather conditions for use, promote the use of the point disk seedling growing technology, and, create the environmental condition that is fit to the seedling growth growth to the culture facility disinfection.Plastics hut: rise 0.5m-0.6 centimetre, span 1.2-1.5 rice, length is not limit.Seedling culture hole plate: hole, cave 72-100, cave dish length is 7 centimetres of 55 cm x, 35 cm x.

(2) nutrition soil: select the field soil in anosis worm source for use, rice husk ash or coconut palm chaff, well-rotted farmyard manure, sandy soil were by 6: 3: 1 preparation nutrition soil with suiting measures to local conditions.Require porosity about 60%, more than the rapid available phosphorus 100mg/kg, more than the available potassium 100mg/kg, more than the quick-acting nitrogen 150mg/kg, PH6-7.Loose, protect fertilizer, water conservation, nutrition is complete.The nutrition soil for preparing evenly is laid on the seed bed, 10 centimetres of thickness, and in the seedling culture hole plate of packing into.

(3) seed bed: prepare enough seed beds according to planting plan.Seed bed sprays bed soil with 1000 times of liquid of hydroxyisoxazole and carries out disinfection.Seed bed is generally wide 150 centimetres, and high 25～30 centimetres, length is not limit.

2, seed treatment

(1) disinfects

Main disease to the locality is selected following sterilization method for use.

A) hot water treatment of seeds and put into 55 ℃ of warm water to seed, keep even water temperature and soaked 15 minutes, use emerge in worm water 5-6 hour again.Main control leaf mold, canker, early blight.

B) the tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking is put into 10% trisodium phosphate solution again and was soaked 20 minutes earlier with clear water seed soaking 4-5 hour, pulls out clean.Mainly prevent and treat virus disease.

(2) vernalization

Seed after the sterilization is pulled out clean, places vernalization under 25 ℃ of-28 ℃ of heat and moisture preserving conditions.

3, sowing

(1) sowing time: according to cultivation season, weather conditions, the means of growing seedlings and strong sprout index select suitable concrete sowing time.

(2) seed quality: meet requirement more than 2 grades among the GBI6715.3-1999.Specific requirement is: seed purity>=95%, cleanliness>=98%, moisture≤7.0%.

(3) seeding quantity: according to seed size and plantation density, general every mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantity 3-4 gram.

(4) type of seeding: can sow the directly sowing of back of also can sterilizing when the vernalization seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally more than 70%.Water vola water before the sowing, moistening to 100 centimetres of dark 10 rapid available phosphoruss of bed soil.Spread one deck with nutrition soil is thin after water oozes down, draw together the level bed face, evenly sowing is sub.Every square metre of seedbed mixes with 8 gram 50% carbendazol wettable powders or 8 grams, 70% pentachloro-nitrotoleune wetting powder that dried fine earth is all thin to be spread on the bed surface again, prevents and treats damping off.Cover 0.8-1.0 centimetre in nutrition soil after broadcasting.Point disk seedling growing irrigates matrix earlier, sowing depth 0.8-1.0 centimetre.According to weather conditions covering with plastic film, sunshade net or straw, remove during the soil of 70% seedling top.

4, seedling management

(1) environment conditioning

A) temperature: high temperature mainly leans on the cooling of sunshade net.The low temperature utilization is moulded canopy and is managed.25 ℃-28 ℃ of the righttest day temperature, the righttest night, temperature was 17 ℃-20 ℃.

B) liquid manure: the suitably control moisture of back of emerging.The wholeheartedly back combination growth of cereal crop seedlings of seedling 2 leaves is executed to chase after and is proposed seed manure 2-3 time.Be main mainly with 0.1%-0.3%NPK composite fertilizer.

(2) strong sprout index

4 leaves wholeheartedly, 15 centimetres of plant heights, thick about 0.4 centimetre of stem, the seedling age about 25 days., the no damage by disease and insect of leaf look dark green.

Four, field planting

1, prepares before the field planting

(1) whole ground basal dressing.The sowing amount of base manure: more than 80% of the total fertilizing amount of phosphate fertilizer, the 20%-30% of nitrogenous fertilizer and the total fertilizing amount of potash fertilizer.Execute high-quality fertilizer (content of organic matter is more than 9%) 1500-2000 kilogram for every mu.Replenish with chemical fertilizer when the nutrient independent variable is not enough, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields quicklime 50-75 kilogram, high-quality cake fertilizer 30-40 kilogram, high-quality phosphate fertilizer 30-40 kilogram.The fermentation of must fully becoming thoroughly decomposed of these fertilizer, wherein 2/3 combines to spread fertilizer over the fields wholely, ploughs deeply 25-30 centimetre, and all the other 1/3 apply in the field planting ditch (cave).Do furrow according to local planting habit.General the wide 160-180 of furrow centimetre (bag ditch).

(2) covering with plastic film: the width according to bedding is selected mulch film.Generally selecting thickness is 0.02 millimeter, and wide is 120-130 centimetre black mulch film.Mulch film is tiled on the furrow, with dried fine earth compress film around, with the windproof film that lifts.

2, field planting method and density

According to the bedding specification, adopt size row or single file field planting.Confirm spacing in the rows, general every mu of field planting 1200-1600 strain according to breediness, training type, land characteristics, weather conditions and cultivation custom.Field planting is suitable shallow, notes many band nutrition soil, and speed is watered water at all, and the mulch film field planting hole will be obturaged.

Five, field management

1, rich water quality management

(1) rich water quality management method

Adopt under-film drip irrigation or dark the filling to be advisable.If take traditional irrigation method, should water early stage, and the middle and later periods can irrigate through furrow, but water does not soak furrow, and speed is irritated speed row.The 60%-80% that fruiting period soil moisture is kept the soil maximum water-holding capacity is advisable.In time topdress according to soil fertility, plant length breeding time and upgrowth situation, the conventional cultivation fertilizing amount is seen table 3.After the deduction base manure part, impose (with low fertility criterion calculation, concrete topdressing amount is 5 kilograms of NPK composite fertilizers, 2.5 kilograms of urea, 2.5 kilograms of potash fertilizer/667m2 time) with water several times.The area that soil trace element lacks also should impose trace element fertilizer to the situation of nutritional deficiency.

(2) do not allow the fertilizer that uses

Should not use municipal refuse, mud, industrial residue aborning and without the fertilizer of harmless processing.

2, tie up climing training

(1) support, tie up climing: should adopt " one " font hedge frame, auxiliary with thin bamboo again with the fixing body frame of thick bamboo pole and iron wire, and in time tie up climing.

(2) pruning method: the pruning method of tomato has three kinds, the training of two bars, half training of three bars and 2 half trainings of two bars; Select suitable pruning method according to planting density and purpose.Recommend to use 2 half trainings of two bars.

2, cultural control

To local main diseases worm control object, select high anti-many anti-kinds for use; Carry out strict rotation system, with non-solanaceous crops crop rotation more than 3 years, rice field-upland field rotation is carried out in area with good conditionsi; Covering with plastic film; Cultivate of the right age strong sprout, improve resistance; Survey native balance fertilizing, increase and execute the fertilizer that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, the Shaoshi chemical fertilizer prevents the soil eutrophication.

3, biological control

(1) natural enemy: active protection utilizes natural enemy, prevention and elimination of disease and pests.

(2) biological agent: adopt pest control such as virus, nematode and botanical pesticide such as jervine, matrine, nimbin etc. and biogenic pesticide such as Olivomitecidin, agricultural streptomycin, biopesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as phytomycin newly.

Claims (3)

1. nuisanceless method for cultivating tomato is characterized in that hoting water treatment of seeds, and puts into 55 ℃ of warm water to seed, keeps even water temperature and soaks 15 minutes, uses emerge in worm water 5-6 hour again, mainly prevents and treats leaf mold, canker, early blight.

2. like the described nuisanceless method for cultivating tomato of claim I, it is characterized in that, select high anti-many anti-kinds for use to main diseases worm control object; Carry out strict rotation system, with non-solanaceous crops crop rotation more than 3 years, rice field-upland field rotation is carried out in area with good conditionsi; Covering with plastic film; Cultivate of the right age strong sprout, improve resistance; Survey native balance fertilizing, increase and execute the fertilizer that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, the Shaoshi chemical fertilizer prevents the soil eutrophication.

3. like the described nuisanceless method for cultivating tomato of claim I; It is characterized in that biological agent, adopt pest control such as virus, nematode and botanical pesticide such as jervine, matrine, nimbin etc. and biogenic pesticide such as Olivomitecidin, agricultural streptomycin, biopesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as phytomycin newly.