CN113475326A - Method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides - Google Patents
Method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides Download PDFInfo
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- CN113475326A CN113475326A CN202110916875.6A CN202110916875A CN113475326A CN 113475326 A CN113475326 A CN 113475326A CN 202110916875 A CN202110916875 A CN 202110916875A CN 113475326 A CN113475326 A CN 113475326A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting tomatoes with high nutritive value and without pesticides, which comprises the steps of selecting a land which is used for crop rotation of shallots and Chinese cabbages to crop tomatoes in a greenhouse, laying a heating pipeline and an underground drip irrigation belt on the planting land to control the temperature and the humidity of the planting land, providing an optimal growth environment for the tomatoes and improving the disease and insect resistance of plants; and then the tomatoes are prevented from being damaged by diseases and insect pests by planting and applying organic fertilizer. The invention adopts a pesticide-free crop rotation mode for planting, which not only can reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, but also can improve the quality of tomatoes and avoid pesticide residue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tomato planting, in particular to a method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides.
Background
Tomatoes are originally grown in south America and then introduced into China, are now indispensable delicious goods in daily life of people, are also one of the most common fruits and vegetables cultivated all over the world, and the cultivation area is still continuously expanded. Because the tomatoes are rich in nutrition and have special flavor, the tomatoes can be eaten raw or boiled and can be processed into tomato paste, tomato juice or whole tomato can for storage. In addition, tomatoes are rich in vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, organic acids and small amounts of protein; has the effects of promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, invigorating stomach and promoting digestion, clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and calming the liver, enriching blood and nourishing blood and promoting appetite, and also has the effects of resisting aging, reducing cardiovascular diseases, preventing cancer and resisting cancer and the like.
The tomato is a solanaceae, annual or perennial herbaceous plant, the plant height is 0.6-2 m, the whole plant is covered with mucilaginous gland hair, the stem is semi-erect or semi-sprawl, and is easy to fall down, and the height is 0.7-1.0 m or 1.0-1.3 m. The plant disease control method is easy to be damaged by plant diseases and insect pests, and if one plant is attacked, the plant can be rapidly spread if the plant is not timely controlled, so that large-area plants are attacked, and great economic loss is caused to vegetable growers. In order to improve the quality of tomatoes and avoid various diseases during planting, most vegetable growers use a large amount of high-residue pesticides in the planting process of the tomatoes, so that toxic and harmful substances and heavy metal substances exceed the standard, the taste of the tomatoes is influenced, and the nutritional value is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides, and aims to solve the problems of high pesticide residue and low nutritional value of the existing tomatoes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for planting tomatoes with high nutritive value and without pesticides comprises the following steps:
s1: treating a planting field: selecting land which is used for rotation planting of shallots and Chinese cabbages, deeply ploughing the soil by 30-40 CM, and burying a heating pipeline for adjusting soil temperature pairs at a position 10-15 CM below the ground; burying a drip irrigation tape for increasing the soil humidity at a position 20-25 cm below the ground; spreading a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the land;
s2: planting: treating tomato seeds, then growing seedlings, and planting in the greenhouse in the middle of March; in the field planting process, 10-15 g of white sugar is added into each field planting hole;
s3: fertilizing: when the second fruit grows to the walnut size, applying fertilizer water with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate content of 0.3-0.5%, wherein 13-17 kg of fertilizer water can be applied per mu;
s4: picking: picking and storing the tomatoes at the color conversion stage.
Further preferably, the temperature of the seedling stage in the daytime is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ through the heating pipeline, and the temperature of the seedling stage in the nighttime is controlled to be 10-20 ℃; the fruiting period is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 13-17 ℃ at night.
Further preferably, the organic fertilizer of step S1 includes the following raw materials: 20-25% of decomposed pig manure, 20-25% of sludge, 5-8% of plant ash, 4-7% of mushroom stalks, 2-5% of egg shells, 20-30% of wheat straws, 2-4% of diammonium phosphate and 0.3-0.8% of bacillus subtilis.
Further preferably, the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: mixing 20-25% of decomposed pig manure, 20-25% of sludge, 5-8% of plant ash, 4-7% of mushroom stems, 2-5% of egg shells, 20-30% of wheat straws, 2-4% of diammonium phosphate and 0.3-0.8% of bacillus subtilis, and then carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment for 45-55 hours at the fermentation temperature of 33-38 ℃.
Further preferably, 1000-1200 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land.
Further preferably, the seedling bed used for raising seedlings in S2 comprises the following materials: 40-50% of sterile field soil, 8-10% of fine sand, 5-8% of mushroom stems, 5-10 kg of plant ash, 10-15% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1-3% of calcium superphosphate, 10-15% of wheat bran and 0.5-1% of 50% of thiophanate methyl are mixed, covered by a plastic film for 60-70 hours, and then the plastic film is uncovered for use.
Further preferably, a plant lamp for light supplement is arranged in the greenhouse in the S2, and the illumination time of the tomatoes is guaranteed to be 11-13 hours per day.
Further preferably, before the tomatoes are planted, sulfur is used for fumigating each planting shed for 24-26 hours.
Further preferably, sweet corns are interplanted among rows of the plants after the tomatoes are planted.
Further preferably, spraying of the insecticide solution is started after the plants have fruit, and the insecticide solution comprises the following raw materials: 1000-1200 ml of soapy water, 20-24 g of onion paste and 15-18 g of cigarette ends, mixing and soaking the raw materials for 20-40 hours, filtering, spraying the mixture onto leaf surfaces of plants, and spraying the mixture once every 15-20 days.
Has the advantages that: a method for planting tomatoes with high nutritive value and without pesticides comprises selecting a land which is used for crop rotation of shallots and Chinese cabbages to crop tomatoes in a greenhouse, laying a heating pipeline and an underground drip irrigation belt on the planting land to control the temperature and the humidity of the planting land, providing an optimal growth environment for the tomatoes and improving the disease and insect pest resistance of plants; and then, by field planting and applying organic fertilizer, the tomatoes are prevented from being damaged by diseases and insect pests, so that the growth of the plants can be promoted, the nutritional value of the tomatoes can be ensured, and pesticide residues are avoided.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below.
Example 1: a method for planting tomatoes with high nutritive value and without pesticides comprises the following steps:
s1: treating a planting field: selecting land which is used for rotation planting of shallots and Chinese cabbages, deeply ploughing the soil by 30-40 CM, and burying a heating pipeline for adjusting soil temperature pairs at a position 10-15 CM below the ground; burying a drip irrigation tape for increasing the soil humidity at a position 20-25 cm below the ground; spreading a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the land;
by crop rotation of non-solanaceae vegetables, the stability of the soil structure can be maintained, and the tomato plant can be effectively prevented from being infected by the late blight, early blight and other viruses.
Controlling the temperature of the seedling stage to be 23 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night through a heating pipeline; the fruiting period is 28 ℃ in the daytime and 16 ℃ at night; the humidity of the field is controlled to be kept at about 70% by a drip irrigation tape. The temperature and the humidity of the planting field can be dynamically controlled by heating the pipe to the drip irrigation zone, so that the moisture required by the plant is ensured, the optimal environment of the plant is provided, and the disease and insect resistance of the plant is improved.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: decomposed pig manure 22%, sludge 23%, plant ash 7%, mushroom stalk 6%, egg shell 4%, wheat straw 25%, diammonium phosphate 3% and bacillus subtilis 0.5%.
The materials are mixed, aerobic fermentation treatment is carried out for 50 hours at the fermentation temperature of 35 ℃, and then 1100kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land.
S2: planting: treating tomato seeds, then growing seedlings, fumigating each standard shed with sulfur for 25 hours in the middle ten days of March, then adding 13g of white sugar into each planting hole, and finally transplanting the tomato seedlings into the planting holes; the white sugar is added, so that the tomato can generate adventitious roots, the seedling revival can be promoted, and the premature senility of the tomato can be prevented.
Wherein, the used seedling bed comprises the following materials: 45% of sterile field soil, 9% of fine sand, 6% of mushroom stems, 7kg of plant ash, 12% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 2% of calcium superphosphate, 13% of wheat bran and 0.6% of 50% of thiophanate methyl are mixed, covered with a plastic film for 65 hours, and then the film is uncovered for use.
And a plant lamp for supplementing light is arranged in the greenhouse, so that the illumination time of the tomatoes is ensured to be 12 hours every day.
S3: fertilizing: when the plants bear fruits and the second fruits grow to the walnut size, 0.3-0.5% of fertilizer water in monopotassium phosphate is applied, 15kg of fertilizer water can be applied to each mu, and the requirements of the plants on phosphorus and potassium can be met.
Spraying an insecticide liquid after the plants are fruited, wherein the insecticide liquid comprises the following raw materials: 1100ml of soapy water, 22g of onion paste and 17g of cigarette ends, mixing and soaking the raw materials for 30 hours, filtering, spraying the mixture on the leaf surfaces of plants, and spraying the mixture once every 17 days. The aphid can be effectively prevented and treated and the pesticide residue can be prevented through the soapy water, the cigarette ends and the onion paste.
S4: picking: picking and storing the tomatoes at the color conversion stage.
Example 2: a method for planting tomatoes with high nutritive value and without pesticides comprises the following steps:
s1: treating a planting field: selecting land which is used for rotation planting of shallots and Chinese cabbages, deeply ploughing the soil by 30-40 CM, and burying a heating pipeline for adjusting soil temperature pairs at a position 10-15 CM below the ground; burying a drip irrigation tape for increasing the soil humidity at a position 20-25 cm below the ground; spreading a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the land;
by crop rotation of non-solanaceae vegetables, the stability of the soil structure can be maintained, and the tomato plant can be effectively prevented from being infected by the late blight, early blight and other viruses.
Controlling the temperature of the seedling stage to be 20 ℃ in the daytime and 10 ℃ at night through a pipeline; the humidity in the field is controlled to be about 60% by a drip irrigation tape at 25 ℃ in the daytime and 13 ℃ at night. The temperature and the humidity of the planting field can be dynamically controlled by heating the pipe to the drip irrigation zone, so that the moisture required by the plant is ensured, the optimal environment of the plant is provided, and the disease and insect resistance of the plant is improved.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 20% of decomposed pig manure, 20% of sludge, 5% of plant ash, 4% of mushroom stalk, 2% of egg shell, 20% of wheat straw, 2% of diammonium phosphate and 0.3% of bacillus subtilis.
The materials are mixed, aerobic fermentation treatment is carried out for 45 hours at the fermentation temperature of 33 ℃, and then 1000kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land.
S2: planting: treating tomato seeds, then growing seedlings, fumigating each standard shed with sulfur for 24 hours in the middle ten days of March, then adding 10g of white sugar into each planting hole, and finally transplanting the tomato seedlings into the planting holes; the white sugar is added, so that the tomato can generate adventitious roots, the seedling revival can be promoted, and the premature senility of the tomato can be prevented.
Wherein, the used seedling bed comprises the following materials: 40% of sterile field soil, 8% of fine sand, 5% of mushroom stems, 5kg of plant ash, 10% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 10% of wheat bran and 0.5% of 50% of thiophanate methyl are mixed, covered by a plastic film for 60 hours, and then the film is uncovered for use.
And a plant lamp for supplementing light is arranged in the greenhouse, so that the illumination time of the tomatoes is ensured to be 11 hours every day.
S3: fertilizing: when the plants bear fruits and the second fruits grow to the walnut size, fertilizing water with potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% is applied, 16kg can be applied per mu, and the requirements of the plants on phosphorus and potassium can be supplemented;
spraying an insecticide liquid after the plants are fruited, wherein the insecticide liquid comprises the following raw materials: 1000ml of soapy water, 20g of onion paste and 15g of cigarette ends, mixing and soaking the raw materials for 20 hours, filtering, spraying the mixture on the leaf surfaces of plants, and spraying the mixture once every 15-20 days. The aphid can be effectively prevented and controlled by the soapy water, the cigarette ends and the onion paste, and pesticide residue can be prevented.
S4: picking: picking and storing the tomatoes at the color conversion stage.
Example 3: a method for planting tomatoes with high nutritive value and without pesticides comprises the following steps:
s1: treating a planting field: selecting land which is used for rotation planting of shallots and Chinese cabbages, deeply ploughing the soil by 30-40 CM, and burying a heating pipeline for adjusting soil temperature pairs at a position 10-15 CM below the ground; burying a drip irrigation tape for increasing the soil humidity at a position 20-25 cm below the ground; spreading a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the land;
by crop rotation of non-solanaceae vegetables, the stability of the soil structure can be maintained, and the tomato plant can be effectively prevented from being infected by the late blight, early blight and other viruses.
Controlling the temperature of the seedling stage to be 25 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night through a pipeline; the fruiting period is 30 ℃ in the daytime and 17 ℃ at night. The humidity of the field is controlled to be kept at about 80 percent by a drip irrigation tape. The temperature and the humidity of the planting field can be dynamically controlled by heating the pipe to the drip irrigation zone, so that the moisture required by the plant is ensured, the optimal environment of the plant is provided, and the disease and insect resistance of the plant is improved.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 25% of decomposed pig manure, 25% of sludge, 8% of plant ash, 7% of mushroom stems, 5% of egg shells, 30% of wheat straws, 4% of diammonium phosphate and 0.8% of bacillus subtilis.
The materials are mixed, then aerobic fermentation treatment is carried out for 55 hours, the fermentation temperature is 38 ℃, and then 1200kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land.
S2: planting: treating tomato seeds, then growing seedlings, fumigating each standard shed with sulfur for 26 hours in the middle ten days of March, then adding 15g of white sugar into each planting hole, and finally transplanting the tomato seedlings into the planting holes; the white sugar is added, so that the tomato can generate adventitious roots, the seedling revival can be promoted, and the premature senility of the tomato can be prevented.
Wherein, the used seedling bed comprises the following materials: 50% of sterile field soil, 10% of fine sand, 8% of mushroom stems, 10kg of plant ash, 15% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 3% of calcium superphosphate, 15% of wheat bran and 1% of 50% of thiophanate methyl are mixed, covered with a plastic film for 70 hours, and then the film is uncovered for use.
And a plant lamp for supplementing light is arranged in the greenhouse, so that the illumination time of the tomatoes is ensured to be 13 hours every day.
S3: fertilizing: when the second fruit grows to the walnut size, fertilizing water with potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.5% is applied, 17kg can be applied per mu, and the requirements of plants on phosphorus and potassium can be supplemented;
spraying an insecticide liquid after the plants are fruited, wherein the insecticide liquid comprises the following raw materials: 1200ml of soapy water, 24g of onion paste and 18g of cigarette ends, and the raw materials are mixed, soaked for 40 hours, filtered, sprayed on the leaf surfaces of plants and sprayed once every 20 days. The aphid can be effectively prevented and controlled by the soapy water, the cigarette ends and the onion paste, and pesticide residue can be prevented.
S4: picking: picking and storing the tomatoes at the color conversion stage.
In the above examples, sweet corn can be intercropped between lines of tomatoes, which can induce moths to lay eggs and kill them intensively.
The tomatoes planted in the above embodiments have small differences in survival rate, infection rate, fruiting rate and the like of tomato plants. But the survival rate of the whole plant is higher, and the whole plant is not easily infected by germs; through biological control, planting means and flexible field management, pesticide residue is avoided, and the nutritional quality and the taste of the tomatoes are improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any other products in various forms can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as those of the present application, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting tomatoes with high nutritive value and without pesticides is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: treating a planting field: selecting land which is used for rotation planting of shallots and Chinese cabbages, deeply ploughing the soil by 30-40 CM, and burying a heating pipeline for adjusting soil temperature pairs at a position 10-15 CM below the ground; burying a drip irrigation tape for increasing the soil humidity at a position 20-25 cm below the ground; spreading a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the land;
s2: planting: treating tomato seeds, then growing seedlings, and planting in the greenhouse in the middle of March; in the field planting process, 10-15 g of white sugar is added into each field planting hole;
s3: fertilizing: when the second fruit grows to the walnut size, applying fertilizer water with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate content of 0.3-0.5%, wherein 13-17 kg of fertilizer water can be applied per mu;
s4: picking: picking and storing the tomatoes at the color conversion stage.
2. The method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: controlling the temperature of the seedling stage to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 10-20 ℃ at night through the heating pipeline; the fruiting period is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 13-17 ℃ at night.
3. The method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer of the step S1 comprises the following raw materials: 20-25% of decomposed pig manure, 20-25% of sludge, 5-8% of plant ash, 4-7% of mushroom stalks, 2-5% of egg shells, 20-30% of wheat straws, 2-4% of diammonium phosphate and 0.3-0.8% of bacillus subtilis.
4. The method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: mixing 20-25% of decomposed pig manure, 20-25% of sludge, 5-8% of plant ash, 4-7% of mushroom stems, 2-5% of egg shells, 20-30% of wheat straws, 2-4% of diammonium phosphate and 0.3-0.8% of bacillus subtilis, and then carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment for 45-55 hours at the fermentation temperature of 33-38 ℃.
5. The method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1000-1200 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land.
6. The method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedling raising bed used for raising the seedlings in the S2 comprises the following materials: 40-50% of sterile field soil, 8-10% of fine sand, 5-8% of mushroom stems, 5-10 kg of plant ash, 10-15% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1-3% of calcium superphosphate, 10-15% of wheat bran and 0.5-1% of 50% of thiophanate methyl are mixed, covered by a plastic film for 60-70 hours, and then the plastic film is uncovered for use.
7. The method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and a plant lamp for light supplement is arranged in the greenhouse in the S2, so that the illumination time of the tomatoes is ensured to be 11-13 hours per day.
8. The method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) fumigating each planting shed with sulfur for 24-26 hours before planting the tomatoes.
9. The method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) interplanting sweet corns among rows of the plants after the tomatoes are planted.
10. The method for planting tomatoes with high nutritional value and without pesticides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: spraying an insecticide liquid after the plants are fruited, wherein the insecticide liquid comprises the following raw materials: 1000-1200 ml of soapy water, 20-24 g of onion paste and 15-18 g of cigarette ends, mixing and soaking the raw materials for 20-40 hours, filtering, spraying the mixture onto leaf surfaces of plants, and spraying the mixture once every 15-20 days.
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