CN114982564A

CN114982564A - Tomato seedling culture method suitable for drought soil planting

Info

Publication number: CN114982564A
Application number: CN202210499295.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱智国; 郭泽琴; 刘亚男; 刘文鑫
Original assignee: Jiujiang University
Current assignee: Jiujiang University
Priority date: 2022-05-09
Filing date: 2022-05-09
Publication date: 2022-09-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a tomato seedling method suitable for drought soil planting, and belongs to the technical field of plant seedling. The seedling raising method comprises the following steps: soaking tomato seeds in water and gibberellin solution, and performing illumination culture; the seedling culture medium consists of fermented sawdust, red loam, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium chloride and decomposed manure; uniformly mixing the seedling raising matrix, performing disinfection treatment, and airing for later use; laying 1-2cm of vermiculite at the bottom of a seedling culture hole tray, then mixing a seedling culture substrate and an inorganic fertilizer, filling the mixture into the seedling culture hole tray, watering until water seeps from the bottom of the hole tray, sowing tomato seeds, spreading a layer of seedling culture substrate, and spraying water; after sowing and before emergence of seedlings, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃, after emergence of seedlings, keeping ventilation, and spraying insect-resistant medicament after 1-2 true leaves grow out. The seedling raising method effectively improves the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings.

Description

Tomato seedling culture method suitable for drought soil planting

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant seedling culture, in particular to a tomato seedling culture method suitable for drought soil planting.

Background

Tomatoes, i.e. tomatoes, are annual or perennial herbs of the order tubuliformes, the family solanaceae, the genus lycopersicon. Red tomatoes are generally in the shape of tiny flat balls with red fruit color, small umbilicus, thick meat, sandy and sweet taste, much and refreshing juice and good flavor, can be eaten as raw or cooked food, and can also be processed into tomato sauce and tomato juice; pink tomatoes have pink fruits, nearly spherical shapes, small umbilicus, smooth surfaces, moderate sour and sweet taste and good quality; yellow tomato, orange in color, big, spherical, thick in pulp, sandy in pulp, light in taste of uncooked food and suitable for cooked food.

The tomato is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine, protein, saccharide, organic acid, and cellulose. Especially, the vitamin C content is in the vegetable crown. Eating tomatoes can provide several vitamins and minerals necessary for the human body. In recent years, researches show that the tomatoes have new health-care efficacy and medicinal value for preventing and treating various diseases.

The nutrition absorbed by the roots is transferred from bottom to top and the organic substances transferred from the ground upper part are received. The absorption of water and nutrients by the root system is well known and one of the important functions of the root system. The root system is developed, and the direct benefit is that the root system can better absorb ten elements needed in plants such as moisture, inorganic salt, carbon dioxide and the like. The roots can be better absorbed, and the plants can be better developed, thereby meeting the requirements of various growth and development of crops. The root system can fix the plant in the soil stably and support the overground part to reduce the external influence. Can go deep into inside the soil, make the fine fixing of plant in soil, prevent to lodging.

During the tomato cultivation process, seedling raising, transplanting and post-management are included, and when the transplanting is carried out after the seedling raising, the substrate and the root system are easy to separate to form bare roots. Under the condition of insufficient water supply of drought soil, a large number of bare roots are transplanted, and the bare-root seedlings are damaged greatly due to large root systems, slow in seedling revival after planting and slow in growth speed, so that the survival rate of the seedlings is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a tomato seedling culture method suitable for drought soil planting, which effectively improves the survival rate of seedlings.

The invention aims to provide a tomato seedling method suitable for arid soil planting, which comprises the following steps of:

s1 seed treatment

Sequentially soaking tomato seeds in water and gibberellin solution respectively, and then performing light culture;

treatment of seedling raising substrates

The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-30% of fermented sawdust, 28-37% of red soil, 11-15% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 10-13% of magnesium chloride and the balance of decomposed manure; uniformly mixing the seedling raising matrix, performing disinfection treatment, and airing for use;

s2, paving 1-2cm of vermiculite at the bottom of the seedling raising plug tray, mixing the seedling raising matrix obtained in the step S1 with inorganic fertilizer, filling the mixture into the seedling raising plug tray, watering until water seeps from the bottom of the plug tray, sowing the tomato seeds treated by the step S1, spreading a layer of seedling raising matrix, and spraying water;

s3, after sowing until emergence of seedlings, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃, after emergence of seedlings, keeping ventilation, and spraying insect-resistant medicament after 1-2 true leaves grow out.

Preferably, in S1, the temperature of water is 25-30 deg.C, and soaking in water for 30-40 min.

Preferably, in S1, the gibberellin solution with concentration of 0.1-0.2mg/L is soaked in the gibberellin solution for 7-10 min.

Preferably, in S1, the light culture is carried out by using a light incubator for 72-80h at 20-25 deg.C for 16-18 h/day.

Preferably, in S1, the seedling substrate is composed of the following components by mass percent: 27% of fermented sawdust, 30% of laterite, 11% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 12% of magnesium chloride and 20% of decomposed manure.

Preferably, in S1, the seedling raising matrix is disinfected by carbendazim.

Preferably, in S2, the mass ratio of the seedling culture substrate to the inorganic fertilizer is 8-9: 1.

Preferably, in S3, the pest control agent is composed of the following components by mass: 20-40% of bacillus subtilis powder, 25-40% of purslane and the balance of pinellia ternate.

Preferably, in S3, the pest control agent is prepared by the following steps:

s1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 20-40% of bacillus subtilis powder, 25-40% of purslane and the balance of pinellia ternate;

s2, crushing and mixing the dried purslane and the dried pinellia ternate to obtain a mixture, adding ethanol, uniformly mixing, soaking at room temperature for 5-10h, performing ultrasonic extraction for 10-20min to obtain an extracting solution, and concentrating and drying to obtain mixed medicinal powder; the ratio of mixture to ethanol was 1 g: 15-18 mL;

s3, mixing the mixed powder and the bacillus subtilis powder uniformly to obtain the insect-attack prevention medicament.

Preferably, in S3, the method for using the insect repellent is: uniformly mixing the insect-resistant medicament with water, and spraying; the mass ratio of the insect-resistant medicament to the water is 1: 200.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention uses gibberellin solution to soak after soaking in water, and then the gibberellin solution is placed in an illumination incubator to accelerate germination after soaking, so that the accelerating germination time is effectively shortened and the germination rate is improved under the action of gibberellin and illumination.

According to the invention, the seedling culture substrate is prepared by taking the fermented sawdust, the red loam, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the magnesium chloride and the decomposed manure as raw materials, the decomposed manure can provide rich organic matters, the fermented sawdust can promote the growth of roots, but the use of the decomposed manure and the fermented sawdust can reduce the viscosity of the red loam, so that the addition of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the magnesium chloride is matched with the red loam for use, the bonding effect and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the red loam are improved, the adhesive force between the substrate and the roots is further promoted, the separation of the roots from the substrate during transplanting is avoided, and the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings is further improved.

The tomato seedlings cultivated by the seedling cultivation method have developed root systems and strong adhesive force with the matrix, and after transplanting, the seedling cultivation matrix is positioned around the tomato seedlings due to the improvement of the water-retaining capacity of the seedling cultivation matrix, so that the water-retaining capacity is improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The Bacillus subtilis powder used in the following examples was purchased from George agricultural science Limited, Hubei, Dai, and had a viable spore content of 10 hundred million/g.

Example 1

In the embodiment, seedling raising is carried out according to the following steps:

s1, seed treatment

Selecting a high-quality tomato bottle, soaking tomato seeds in clear water at 25 ℃ for 30min, taking out the tomato seeds, soaking the tomato seeds in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/L for 10min, taking out the tomato seeds, placing the tomato seeds in a culture dish, and placing the tomato seeds in an illumination incubator for germination acceleration; the germination accelerating time is 72h, the culture temperature is 20 ℃, and the illumination time is 18 h/day;

s2, treatment of seedling raising substrate

The seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 27% of fermented sawdust, 30% of laterite, 11% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 12% of magnesium chloride and 20% of decomposed manure;

uniformly mixing seedling raising substrates, spraying and disinfecting with 700 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, turning over the seedling raising substrates in the spraying process to achieve comprehensive disinfection, and airing for 3 days for later use after disinfection;

s3, paving a layer of vermiculite with the thickness of 2cm at the bottom of a seedling raising plug tray, then mixing a seedling raising matrix and an inorganic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 8:1, filling the mixture into the seedling raising plug tray until the mixture is 1cm away from the surface of the plug tray, then watering until water seeps from the bottom of the plug tray, sowing tomato seeds in the plug tray, sowing a layer of seedling raising matrix after the sowing is finished, and spraying water to keep the seedling raising matrix on the top surface of the seedling raising plug tray moist;

s4, after sowing until emergence of seedlings, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃, spraying water when the seedling substrate on the surface of the plug tray is in a dry state, and keeping the seedling substrate in a wet state; after seedling emergence, keeping ventilation, and spraying insect-resistant agent after 1-2 true leaves grow. The occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage is reduced;

the insect-resistant medicament used in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of bacillus subtilis powder, 40% of purslane and 40% of pinellia ternate.

The insect-resistant medicament is prepared by the following steps:

s1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of bacillus subtilis powder, 40% of purslane and 40% of pinellia ternate;

s2, crushing and mixing the dried purslane and the dried pinellia ternate to obtain a mixture, adding ethanol, uniformly mixing, soaking at room temperature for 10 hours, performing ultrasonic extraction for 10min to obtain an extracting solution, and concentrating and drying to obtain mixed medicinal powder; the ratio of mixture to ethanol was 1 g: 15 mL;

s3, uniformly mixing the mixed powder and the bacillus subtilis powder to obtain the insect-attack-preventing medicament;

before spraying, spraying the seedlings after uniformly mixing the insect-resistant agent with water; the mass ratio of the insect-resistant medicament to the water is 1: 200.

Example 2

In the embodiment, seedling is grown according to the following steps:

s1 seed treatment

Selecting a high-quality tomato bottle, soaking tomato seeds in clear water at 30 ℃ for 35min, taking out the tomato seeds, soaking the tomato seeds in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 0.2mg/L for 7min, taking out the tomato seeds, placing the tomato seeds in a culture dish, and placing the tomato seeds in an illumination incubator for germination acceleration; accelerating germination for 80h, culturing at 25 deg.C, and illuminating for 16 h/day;

s2, treatment of seedling raising substrate

The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of fermented sawdust, 37% of red soil, 13% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 10% of magnesium chloride and 15% of decomposed manure;

s3, paving a layer of vermiculite with the thickness of 1cm at the bottom of the seedling raising plug tray, and then mixing the seedling raising matrix and the inorganic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 9:1, mixing, filling the mixture into a seedling raising plug tray until the distance between the mixture and the surface of the plug tray is 1cm, watering the mixture until water seeps from the bottom of the plug tray, sowing tomato seeds in the plug tray, spreading a layer of seedling raising matrix after sowing, and spraying water to keep the seedling raising matrix on the top surface of the seedling raising plug tray moist;

the insect pest prevention agent used in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of bacillus subtilis powder, 30% of purslane and 30% of pinellia ternate.

The insect-resistant medicament is prepared by the following steps:

s1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of bacillus subtilis powder, 30% of purslane and 30% of pinellia ternate;

Example 3

In the embodiment, seedling is grown according to the following steps:

s1 seed treatment

Selecting a high-quality tomato bottle, soaking tomato seeds in clear water at 27 ℃ for 40min, taking out the tomato seeds, soaking the tomato seeds in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 0.15mg/L for 9min, taking out the tomato seeds, placing the tomato seeds in a culture dish, and placing the tomato seeds in a lighting incubator for germination acceleration; the germination accelerating time is 76h, the culture temperature is 22 ℃, and the illumination time is 17 h/day;

s2, treatment of seedling raising matrix

The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of fermented sawdust, 28% of laterite, 15% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 13% of magnesium chloride and 14% of decomposed manure;

uniformly mixing seedling raising substrates, spraying and disinfecting with 700 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, turning over the seedling raising substrates in the spraying process to achieve comprehensive disinfection, and airing for 3 days after disinfection for later use;

s3, paving a layer of vermiculite with the thickness of 1.5cm at the bottom of a seedling raising plug, then mixing a seedling raising matrix and an inorganic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 8.5:1, filling the mixture into the seedling raising plug until the distance between the mixture and the surface of the plug is 1cm, watering the mixture until water seeps from the bottom of the plug, sowing tomato seeds in the plug, sowing a layer of seedling raising matrix after the tomato seeds are sowed, and spraying water to keep the seedling raising matrix on the top surface of the seedling raising plug moist;

the insect-resistant medicament used in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of bacillus subtilis powder, 25% of purslane and 45% of pinellia ternate.

The insect-resistant medicament is prepared by the following steps:

s1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of bacillus subtilis powder, 25% of purslane and 45% of pinellia ternate;

Example 4

In the embodiment, seedling is grown according to the following steps:

s1 seed treatment

s2, treatment of seedling raising substrate

The seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of fermented sawdust, 37% of red soil, 13% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 10% of magnesium chloride and 15% of decomposed manure;

s3, paving a layer of vermiculite with the thickness of 1cm at the bottom of a seedling raising plug tray, then mixing a seedling raising matrix and an inorganic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 8:1, filling the mixture into the seedling raising plug tray until the mixture is 1cm away from the surface of the plug tray, then watering until water seeps from the bottom of the plug tray, sowing tomato seeds in the plug tray, sowing a layer of seedling raising matrix after the sowing is finished, and spraying water to keep the seedling raising matrix on the top surface of the seedling raising plug tray moist;

the insect-resistant medicament used in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of bacillus subtilis powder, 30% of purslane and 30% of pinellia ternate.

The insect-resistant medicament is prepared by the following steps:

s2, crushing and mixing the dried purslane and the pinellia ternate to obtain a mixture, adding ethanol, uniformly mixing, soaking at room temperature for 5 hours, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 15min to obtain an extracting solution, and concentrating and drying to obtain mixed medicinal powder; the ratio of mixture to ethanol was 1 g: 18 mL;

before spraying, spraying the seedlings after uniformly mixing the insect-resistant medicament with water; the mass ratio of the insect-resistant medicament to the water is 1: 200.

Example 5

In the embodiment, seedling is grown according to the following steps:

s1 seed treatment

s2, treatment of seedling raising substrate

The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of fermented sawdust, 37% of red soil, 13% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 10% of magnesium chloride and 15% of decomposed manure;

s4, after sowing and before seedling emergence, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃, and spraying water to keep a wet state when the seedling substrate on the surface of the plug tray is in a dry state; after seedling emergence, keeping ventilation, and spraying insect-resistant agent after 1-2 true leaves grow. The occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage is reduced;

The insect-resistant medicament is prepared by the following steps:

s2, crushing and mixing the dried purslane and the pinellia ternate to obtain a mixture, adding ethanol, uniformly mixing, soaking at room temperature for 7 hours, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 20min to obtain an extracting solution, and concentrating and drying to obtain mixed medicinal powder; the ratio of mixture to ethanol was 1 g: 16 mL;

Comparative example 1

Compared with example 1, the difference is that the seedling substrate of comparative example 1 does not contain magnesium chloride and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

TABLE 1 transplanting of seedlings

	The combination of the substrate and the root during transplanting	Survival rate of transplanted seedlings
			Example 1	Tightly combined together	93％
Comparative example 1	Loosening	87％

As can be seen from Table 2, compared with comparative example 1, the addition of magnesium chloride and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in example 1 improves the bonding effect and water and fertilizer retention capacity of laterite, further promotes the adhesion between the substrate and the root system, and avoids the separation of the root system from the substrate during transplantation.

Comparative example 2

The difference from example 1 is that in step S1 of this comparative example, the sample was immersed in a 0.2mg/L gibberellin solution for 7min for further use.

TABLE 2 germination time, germination rate and emergence rate of tomato seeds

	Germination time/h	Germination rate/%	Rate of emergence/%
				Example 1	72	87％	83.7
Comparative example 2	93	83％	77.4

As can be seen from Table 2, compared with comparative example 1, in example 1, the germination time of tomato seeds is effectively shortened under the combined action of gibberellin and light culture, and the germination rate is improved to 83.7%.

TABLE 3 incidence of seedlings

	Incidence of disease in seedlings
		Example 1	13％
Example 2	15％
		Example 3	14％

As can be seen from Table 3, by the seedling raising method, the disease incidence of seedlings can be effectively reduced by spraying the insect-resistant agent consisting of bacillus subtilis powder, purslane and pinellia ternate in the seedling emergence stage.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A tomato seedling method suitable for drought soil planting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, seed treatment

Sequentially soaking the tomato seeds in water and gibberellin solution respectively, and then performing illumination culture;

treatment of seedling substrate

The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-30% of fermented sawdust, 28-37% of laterite, 11-15% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 10-13% of magnesium chloride and the balance of decomposed manure; uniformly mixing the seedling raising matrix, performing disinfection treatment, and airing for use;

2. The tomato seedling method suitable for arid soil planting according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of water in S1 is 25-30 ℃, and the tomato is soaked in the water for 30-40 min.

3. The tomato seedling method suitable for arid soil planting according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the gibberellin solution is soaked in the gibberellin solution for 7-10min, and the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 0.1-0.2 mg/L.

4. The method for growing tomato seedlings suitable for being planted in arid soil according to claim 1, wherein in S1, a light incubator is adopted for light cultivation, the cultivation time is 72-80h, the cultivation temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the cultivation time is 16-18 h/day.

5. The tomato seedling method suitable for arid soil planting according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the seedling substrate is composed of the following components by mass percent: 27% of fermented sawdust, 30% of laterite, 11% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 12% of magnesium chloride and 20% of decomposed manure.

6. The tomato seedling method suitable for being planted in drought soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the seedling substrate is sterilized by carbendazim.

7. The tomato seedling method suitable for being planted in drought soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the mass ratio of the seedling substrate to the inorganic fertilizer is 8-9: 1.

8. The tomato seedling method suitable for drought soil planting according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the insect-resistant agent comprises the following components by mass percent: 20-40% of bacillus subtilis powder, 25-40% of purslane and the balance of pinellia ternate.

9. A method of growing tomato seedlings suitable for drought soil cultivation as claimed in claim 8, wherein in S3, the insect control agent is prepared by the following steps:

10. The method for growing tomato seedlings suitable for being planted in drought soil as claimed in claim 9, wherein in S3, the method for using the insect-resistant agent is as follows: uniformly mixing the insect-resistant medicament with water, and spraying; the mass ratio of the insect-resistant medicament to the water is 1: 200.