CN113475355A - Solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate - Google Patents
Solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113475355A CN113475355A CN202110235147.9A CN202110235147A CN113475355A CN 113475355 A CN113475355 A CN 113475355A CN 202110235147 A CN202110235147 A CN 202110235147A CN 113475355 A CN113475355 A CN 113475355A
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- seedling substrate
- solanaceous
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- plug seedling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of modern agriculture, in particular to a high-density plug seedling substrate for solanaceous vegetables, which is suitable for solanaceous vegetables, solves the problem that small nutrients in a plug space can not be continuously supplied, improves the seedling raising amount per unit area by 45.8-174.3%, ensures that the raised seedlings are developed in root systems, short in seedling age, good in mass, free of excess growth and diseases and insect pests, convenient for mechanical transplanting and long-distance transportation, and free of seedling revival after field planting, effectively overcomes the continuous cropping obstacle of greenhouse vegetables, and has good market application prospect; the seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40-50 parts of straw, 5-10 parts of sawdust, 10-20 parts of furfural residue, 15-23 parts of fly ash, 2-5 parts of microbial inoculum, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 10-20 parts of pearlite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of modern agriculture, in particular to a solanaceous high-density plug seedling substrate.
Background
In various technical fields of modern agriculture, seedling raising technology is one of important means for breeding new varieties and improving crop yield. At present, the quantity of vegetables for intensive seedling culture in China is about 1000 hundred million plants, the quantity of vegetable seedlings required exceeds 6800 hundred million plants, and the huge gap is the potential of industrialized seedling culture development in China. In the face of huge vegetable seedling demand market, the reduction of seedling cost and the improvement of seedling quality become important guarantees that seedling enterprises win the market.
The seedling raising substrate is used as a direct carrier for the growth of vegetable seedlings, and has a great space for reducing cost, improving quality and realizing sustainable development. The ideal cultivation substrate is widely recognized in the world as grass peat. However, the grass peat is an irreversible resource, and a large amount of exploitation can cause irreversible damage to the ecological environment and also can cause the natural resources such as the grass peat to face the danger of exhaustion; the grass peat has single nutrient, and is difficult to provide necessary nutrient elements for the growth of seedlings, so that the solanaceous fruits have low germination rate, difficult rooting and low survival rate in the seedling culture process; meanwhile, the grass peat resources are unevenly distributed, the transportation cost is increased, the use cost of the grass peat is greatly increased, and the reasonable utilization of the grass peat is limited. Therefore, the novel seedling culture substrate which has low screening and developing cost, good effect and convenient management and meets the environmental protection requirement inevitably becomes one of the hotspots of substrate research. The resource utilization of the straws has great significance for developing ecological agriculture and sustainable agriculture. The current main utilization mode of crop straws is straw returning, but still has a plurality of problems and certain difficulties. The vegetable culture medium developed by utilizing the crop straws and the livestock and poultry manure becomes the material selection direction and the research hotspot of the vegetable seedling culture medium, and is an effective way for recycling natural resources and sustainable development of agriculture, wherein agricultural wastes are the most ideal utilized materials.
At present, the vegetable seedling raising substrate developed by utilizing crop straws, livestock and poultry excrement and the like in the market is very disordered in proportion, so that the substrate is unstable in physical and chemical properties, poor in permeability, poor in water and fertilizer retention capacity and the like, the seedling root system is poor in development, the plant is thin and weak, the plant is easy to overgrow, the resistance is poor, the seedling raising quality is seriously affected, and meanwhile, the problem of inconvenience in long-distance transportation exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-density plug seedling substrate for solanaceous vegetables, which is suitable for the solanaceous vegetables, solves the problems that the small nutrients in the plug space can not be continuously supplied, the cultivated seedlings have developed root systems, short seedling age, good mass, excessive growth prevention, no plant diseases and insect pests, convenient mechanical transplanting and long-distance transportation and no seedling revival period after field planting, effectively overcomes the continuous cropping obstacles of the greenhouse vegetables, and has good market application prospect.
The invention relates to a solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40-50 parts of straw, 5-10 parts of sawdust, 10-20 parts of furfural residue, 15-23 parts of fly ash, 2-5 parts of microbial inoculum, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 10-20 parts of pearlite.
The invention relates to a solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of straws, 6 parts of sawdust, 11 parts of furfural residues, 17 parts of fly ash, 4 parts of microbial agent, 13 parts of vermiculite and 17 parts of pearlite.
The invention relates to a solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 57 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 49 parts of straw, 8 parts of sawdust, 19 parts of furfural residue, 22 parts of fly ash, 3 parts of microbial agent, 15 parts of vermiculite and 19 parts of pearlite.
The invention relates to a solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 51 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of straw, 9 parts of sawdust, 12 parts of furfural residue, 16 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of microbial agent, 12 parts of vermiculite and 16 parts of pearlite.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smashing the livestock and poultry manure and the straws, adding a microbial agent, sawdust, furfural residues and fly ash, and adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%;
s2, piling, covering with a plastic film, and composting and fermenting; raising the temperature by 60-65 ℃, turning the pile, and continuously turning the pile for 5-7 days until the central temperature is reduced to be below 30 ℃;
s3, adding vermiculite and pearlite into the product obtained in the step S2, air-drying, crushing, sieving, removing coarse residues and impurities, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solanaceous high-density plug seedling substrate.
According to the preparation method of the solanaceous high-density plug seedling substrate, wood vinegar is added to adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.0 before air drying in the step S3.
According to the preparation method of the solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate, the screen in the step S3 is 10 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) resources are saved, and the cost is reduced: the formula of the medium selects agricultural wastes such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and the like to replace turf, so that the medium is rich in resources, changes waste into valuable and reduces the seedling raising cost.
(2) Safe and environment-friendly, and has no pollution: the invention realizes the reutilization of agricultural organic waste resources, reduces the exploitation and utilization of the turf, can be used as a soil conditioner after the composite matrix is used up, and is beneficial to protecting the ecological environment;
(3) the seedling quality and efficiency are effectively improved;
(4) the sawdust is light and breathable, has strong moisture absorption and retention and good buffering property;
the fly ash has the characteristics of small volume weight, large specific surface area, good air permeability, good water permeability and the like, the mechanical composition is equivalent to sandy soil, and in addition, the fly ash can improve soil and reduce the content of clay particles and the volume weight of the soil; the porosity of the soil is increased, the water retention of the soil is improved, but the pH value is higher, and the adjustment is needed when the soil is used;
the furfural residues are rich in organic matters, have loose texture and can be used as a substrate for soilless culture, but the furfural residues have stronger acidity;
according to the invention, furfural residues and fly ash are mixed to enable the pH values of the furfural residues and the fly ash to approach neutrality, sawdust is added to improve the water retention capacity of the seedling substrate, and wood vinegar is added during pH adjustment to supplement nutrition for the seedling substrate while the pH is adjusted;
(5) by adding bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and bacillus licheniformis, the disease and insect resistance of crops is improved, and the yield of the crops is improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The microbial agents adopted in the examples 1-3 are purchased from the market, and the using method is detailed in the self-contained instruction;
example 1:
raw materials:
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of straws, 6 parts of sawdust, 11 parts of furfural residues, 17 parts of fly ash, 4 parts of microbial agent, 13 parts of vermiculite and 17 parts of pearlite;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, smashing the livestock and poultry manure and the straws, adding a microbial agent, sawdust, furfural residues and fly ash, and adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%;
s2, piling, covering with a plastic film, and composting and fermenting; raising the temperature by 60-65 ℃, turning the pile, and continuously turning the pile for 5-7 days until the central temperature is reduced to be below 30 ℃;
s3, adding vermiculite and pearlite into the product obtained in the step S2, adding wood vinegar to adjust the pH to 6.8-7.0, air-drying, crushing, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, removing coarse residues and impurities, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solanaceous high-density plug seedling substrate.
Example 2:
raw materials:
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 57 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 49 parts of straw, 8 parts of sawdust, 19 parts of furfural residue, 22 parts of fly ash, 3 parts of microbial agent, 15 parts of vermiculite and 19 parts of pearlite;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, smashing the livestock and poultry manure and the straws, adding a microbial agent, sawdust, furfural residues and fly ash, and adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%;
s2, piling, covering with a plastic film, and composting and fermenting; raising the temperature by 60-65 ℃, turning the pile, and continuously turning the pile for 5-7 days until the central temperature is reduced to be below 30 ℃;
s3, adding vermiculite and pearlite into the product obtained in the step S2, adding wood vinegar to adjust the pH to 6.8-7.0, air-drying, crushing, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, removing coarse residues and impurities, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solanaceous high-density plug seedling substrate.
Example 3:
raw materials:
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 51 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of straw, 9 parts of sawdust, 12 parts of furfural residue, 16 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of microbial agent, 12 parts of vermiculite and 16 parts of pearlite;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, smashing the livestock and poultry manure and the straws, adding a microbial agent, sawdust, furfural residues and fly ash, and adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%;
s2, piling, covering with a plastic film, and composting and fermenting; raising the temperature by 60-65 ℃, turning the pile, and continuously turning the pile for 5-7 days until the central temperature is reduced to be below 30 ℃;
s3, adding vermiculite and pearlite into the product obtained in the step S2, adding wood vinegar to adjust the pH to 6.8-7.0, air-drying, crushing, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, removing coarse residues and impurities, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solanaceous high-density plug seedling substrate.
Examples 1-3 and commercial procurement of peat-based media the following tests were carried out:
the test method comprises the following steps:
group 4 treatments, group 1 using the substrate prepared in example 1; group 2 the substrate obtained in example 2 was used; group 3 is the substrate prepared in example 3; group 4 is a medium which is purchased in the market and takes peat as a main material; directly sowing tomatoes in 105-hole seedling raising trays, wherein each treatment is 10 trays, 3 treatments are repeated, 4 treatments are carried out, the seedling emergence rate is observed in 120 trays, and the plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, fresh weight of overground part, fresh weight of underground part, dry weight of overground part, dry weight of underground part, root-crown ratio, seedling strengthening index and growth quality index G value of the tomatoes are measured in 30 days;
the calculation formula is as follows:
root-crown ratio (dry underground part/dry underground part)
Strong seedling index (stem thickness/plant height) x whole plant stem quality
G value is the fresh weight of the whole plant/seedling age
TABLE 1 Effect of different seedling substrate on the rate of tomato emergence
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, there was no great difference between examples 1-3 and the substrate using peat as the main material on the emergence day and the emergence day;
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments of the growth substrate on tomato growth
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the seedling substrate obtained in examples 1 to 3 is superior to the substrate mainly made of peat in root-to-shoot ratio, strong seedling index and G value.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40-50 parts of straw, 5-10 parts of sawdust, 10-20 parts of furfural residue, 15-23 parts of fly ash, 2-5 parts of microbial inoculum, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 10-20 parts of pearlite.
2. The solanaceous high-density plug seedling substrate of claim 1, wherein the seedling substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of straws, 6 parts of sawdust, 11 parts of furfural residues, 17 parts of fly ash, 4 parts of microbial agent, 13 parts of vermiculite and 17 parts of pearlite.
3. The solanaceous high-density plug seedling substrate of claim 1, wherein the seedling substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 57 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 49 parts of straw, 8 parts of sawdust, 19 parts of furfural residue, 22 parts of fly ash, 3 parts of microbial agent, 15 parts of vermiculite and 19 parts of pearlite.
4. The solanaceous high-density plug seedling substrate of claim 1, wherein the seedling substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 51 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of straw, 9 parts of sawdust, 12 parts of furfural residue, 16 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of microbial agent, 12 parts of vermiculite and 16 parts of pearlite.
5. The method for preparing the solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, smashing the livestock and poultry manure and the straws, adding a microbial agent, sawdust, furfural residues and fly ash, and adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%;
s2, piling, covering with a plastic film, and composting and fermenting; raising the temperature by 60-65 ℃, turning the pile, and continuously turning the pile for 5-7 days until the central temperature is reduced to be below 30 ℃;
s3, adding vermiculite and pearlite into the product obtained in the step S2, air-drying, crushing, sieving, removing coarse residues and impurities, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solanaceous high-density plug seedling substrate.
6. The method for preparing a solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate according to claim 5, wherein before the air drying in the step S3, wood vinegar is added to adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.0.
7. The method for preparing a solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate according to claim 5, wherein the screen in the step S3 is 10 meshes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110235147.9A CN113475355A (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2021-03-03 | Solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110235147.9A CN113475355A (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2021-03-03 | Solanaceous fruit high-density plug seedling substrate |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114982564A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-09-02 | 九江学院 | Tomato seedling culture method suitable for drought soil planting |
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2021
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| CN114982564A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-09-02 | 九江学院 | Tomato seedling culture method suitable for drought soil planting |
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Application publication date: 20211008 |