CN111972254A - Method for producing seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost - Google Patents
Method for producing seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost Download PDFInfo
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- CN111972254A CN111972254A CN202010650638.5A CN202010650638A CN111972254A CN 111972254 A CN111972254 A CN 111972254A CN 202010650638 A CN202010650638 A CN 202010650638A CN 111972254 A CN111972254 A CN 111972254A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing seedling substrate by using vegetable straw compost, which comprises the steps of mixing vegetable straws with decomposed organic fertilizer, then obtaining the vegetable straw compost through one-time fermentation and aging processes, and mixing the vegetable straw compost and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 1-1.5: 1, the seedling substrate is obtained by blending, a large amount of vegetable straw resources are recycled by adopting the preparation method, the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, the prepared vegetable straw seedling substrate has a very good seedling effect, the physicochemical property of the seedling substrate and the aspects of promoting plant growth and the like exceed those of the traditional turf substrate, the predatory development of people on the non-renewable resources such as turf, peat and the like is slowed down, the recycling of wastes is realized, and the preparation method has important popularization and use values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste recycling and soilless culture, and particularly relates to a method for producing a seedling culture medium by using vegetable straw compost.
Background
According to statistics, 8 hundred million tons (dry weight) of various crop straws are produced every year in China, only a small part of the straws are efficiently recycled, most of the straws are subjected to uncontrolled incineration, random stacking and random placement or direct returning, and great adverse effects are generated on the environment and agricultural production, so the recycling of the straws is very urgent. The quantity of the vegetable straws is huge, and if the secondary utilization of the vegetable straws cannot be realized, the environment can still be stressed greatly.
Along with the development of modern agriculture in China, the area of soilless culture is larger and larger, and substrate culture is a culture mode which is extremely rapid in development of the field of soilless culture. One problem that follows is that peat which is a well-known ideal seedling culture medium is subjected to predatory mining, so that the natural resource is frequently exhausted, the wetland ecological environment is seriously deteriorated, even in some peat-rich countries, the exploitation of peat is limited, for example, the use of commercial peat is cancelled in the United kingdom and the like, the peat in China is mainly low-grade herbaceous peat, high-quality moss peat is mainly imported, the yield of the peat resource in China is not consistent with the distribution of peat markets, the distance between transportation and the expense is long, and the development of peat substitutes is more urgent.
The ideal culture medium generally requires proper water retention, air permeability, buffering, good plant supporting performance, slightly acidic pH value, low inherent nutrient, no bacteria and the like. The vegetable straws and the completely fermented organic fertilizer are mixed for high-temperature composting, and the compost product has good physical properties, so that the application of the compost product as a complete substitute of peat in the field of soilless culture is researched, and the compost has great production and social values.
The invention patent CN104982252B discloses a method for preparing a vegetable seedling substrate from agricultural wastes, which utilizes the technology of biologically digesting the agricultural wastes by earthworms and fermenting and decomposing crop straws by a straw decomposition agent to realize the conversion of the agricultural wastes and the crop straws in livestock and poultry farms, and then 10-30 wt% of a mixture of horticultural vermiculite and perlite, 0.5-4.5 wt% of a plant material for expelling vegetable seedling pests and 0.1-0.2 wt% of a slow-release fertilizer are added into the raw materials of the vegetable seedling substrate to obtain the vegetable seedling substrate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art and further optimize the prior process, the invention provides a method for producing a seedling substrate by using vegetable straw compost, so that the production method is simple and easy to implement, and the production cost is obviously reduced; the invention realizes the recycling of waste, reduces environmental pollution and has great economic and ecological effects.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for producing seedling culture medium by using vegetable straw compost is characterized by comprising the steps of mixing vegetable straws with decomposed organic fertilizer, performing primary fermentation and aging to obtain vegetable straw compost, and mixing the vegetable straw compost with vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 1-1.5: 1, mixing to obtain a seedling substrate;
preferably, the volume ratio of the vegetable straw compost to the vermiculite is 1: 1;
the mixing volume ratio of the vegetable straws to the decomposed organic fertilizer is 4-4.5: 1;
preferably, the mixing volume ratio of the vegetable straws to the decomposed organic fertilizer is 4: 1;
the thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer is selected from one or more of decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer, decomposed pig manure organic fertilizer and decomposed cattle manure organic fertilizer;
the vegetable straws are crushed to the particle size of 1-1.5 cm;
the primary fermentation is carried out at the fermentation temperature of 55-65 ℃, and the pile is turned once every 3-5 days and is maintained for 15 days;
controlling the water content to be 50-60%, the oxygen content to be 5-15% and the C/N ratio to be 25-30 in the primary fermentation;
the ageing is carried out until the germination index of the seeds of the vegetable straw compost reaches 90-100%;
aging for 35-45 days while controlling the water content to be 30-40%;
the method for producing the seedling raising substrate by using the vegetable straw compost also comprises the steps of screening the vegetable straw compost, and reserving 10mm of screen parts;
the pH value of the seedling substrate is 7.4-7.5, the EC value is 1.2-1.5 mS/cm, and the volume weight is 0.3-0.4g/cm3 The total porosity is 60-65%, the ventilation porosity is 18-21%, and the ratio of large porosity to small porosity is 0.4-0.5;
preferably, the pH value of the seedling substrate is 7.48, the EC value is 1.31 mS/cm, and the volume weight is 0.39g/cm3 The total porosity was 63.41%, the vent porosity was 19.78%, and the size to pore ratio was 0.45.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the main raw materials of the invention are waste vegetable straws produced by stubble replacement in agricultural parks, the raw materials are sufficiently supplied, the production cost of the seedling culture substrate is greatly reduced, the problem of secondary pollution of the waste vegetable straws is solved, the harmless treatment of the vegetable straws is realized, and the straw wastes are recycled;
2. the vegetable straw compost product is prepared by high-temperature composting fermentation of vegetable straws and a fully fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, and in the composting process, the high temperature of over 55 ℃ is maintained for about 15 days, so that the eggs of the pests and the like are effectively killed, and the harmless treatment standard is reached;
3. the invention realizes complete replacement of the traditional seedling raising matrix taking the grass peat as the main raw material, greatly relieves the shortage of grass peat resources when being applied to production, slows down the predatory development of people on the non-renewable resources such as the grass peat and the like, protects the wetland and has good protection effect on the ecological environment.
4. The seedling substrate prepared by the method has a very good seedling effect, and when the seedling substrate is used for cultivating tomatoes, the seedling emergence rate, the plant height, the stem thickness, the biomass, the dry matter weight, the root activity, the root volume, the root length, the root surface area, the strong seedling index and the like of the tomato seedlings exceed the cultivation level of the traditional turf seedling substrate.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1 method for producing seedling substrate by using vegetable straw compost
Fully mixing vegetable straws with thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 4:1, then fermenting once, turning over once every 3-5 days, and maintaining for 15 days;
the primary fermentation is carried out, wherein the water content is 55-60%, the C/N ratio is 26, the oxygen content is 10%, and the fermentation temperature is 55-65 ℃;
the vegetable straws are crushed to the particle size of 1-1.5 cm;
the thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer is a decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer;
after the primary fermentation is finished, placing the compost pile in an idle field for aging, wherein the aging temperature is close to room temperature, the water content is 30-33%, aging is carried out for 45 days until the germination index of the seeds of the vegetable straw compost reaches 96%, and at the moment, the substances in the pile are more stable;
and (3) sieving the well-decomposed vegetable straw compost by a 10mm sieve, and then mixing the compost with vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The obtained seedling substrate has pH of 7.48, EC value of 1.31 mS/cm, and volume weight of 0.39g/cm3 The total porosity was 63.41%, the vent porosity was 19.78%, and the size to pore ratio was 0.45.
The tested tomato seedling variety was modified hair powder 802F1, purchased from Shouguang seed station.
Experiments are carried out in a glass greenhouse in a modern agricultural industrial park of Daxi loop of Shandong province, Shanshou vegetable industry group, the mixed seedling substrate is placed in a 72-hole plastic seedling culture hole tray, prepared tomato seeds are sown in the hole tray in advance, the seedling culture period is 30 days, the temperature in the whole seedling culture period is 21-29 ℃, the emergence rate, the chlorophyll content, the plant height, the stem thickness, the biomass, the dry matter weight, the root activity, the root volume, the root length, the root surface area, the seedling strengthening index and the like of the tomato seedlings are measured after 30 days of seedling culture, the commercially available high-quality turf seedling culture substrate is used as a control, and the specific measurement results are as follows:
TABLE 1 seedling growth indexes of tomato seedlings grown by seedling growing medium
The table shows that the indexes of the tomato seedlings cultured by the experimental seedling culture substrate are better than those of the seedling culture substrates sold on the market except that the chlorophyll content difference is small, and the substrate prepared by the experiment can be used as the seedling culture substrate in production and is expected to replace the seedling culture substrate sold on the market, so that the seedling culture effect with obvious advantages is achieved.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the volume ratio of the vegetable straw compost to vermiculite is 2:1, and the rest is as in example 1.
The seedling substrate prepared in comparative example 1 had a pH of 7.51, an EC value of 1.89mS/cm and a volume weight of 0.45g/cm3 The total porosity was 54.14%, the vent porosity was 16.78%, and the size to pore ratio was 0.45.
The indexes of the cultivated tomato seedlings are as follows:
TABLE II COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 growth index of tomato seedlings grown by seedling growing medium
As can be seen from the above table, the emergence rate, the strong seedling index and the like of the comparative example 1 are obviously low; from the indexes of plant height, biomass on the overground part, biomass on the underground part and the like, the growth vigor of the comparative example 1 is better than that of the commercial seedling substrate, but the growth vigor is not as good as that of the example 1, and the root growth index of the comparative example 1 is similar to that of the commercial seedling substrate.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that the volume ratio of the vegetable straw compost to vermiculite was 3:1, and the rest was as in example 1.
The seedling substrate prepared in the comparative example 2 has a pH of 7.55, an EC value of 1.98mS/cm and a bulk weight of 0.47g/cm3 The total porosity was 52.26%, the vent porosity was 15.02%, and the size to pore ratio was 0.40.
The indexes of the cultivated tomato seedlings are as follows:
table three comparative examples 2 seedling growth indexes of tomatoes cultured by seedling culture medium
It can be seen from the above table that the indexes of the seedling substrate and the seedlings in the comparative example 2 are different from those of the seedling substrate in the example 1 and the commercial seedling substrate.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that the volume ratio of the vegetable straw compost to vermiculite is 1:2, and the rest is as in example 1.
Comparative example 3 the pH of the seedling substrate was 7.41, the EC value was 0.83mS/cm, and the volume weight was 0.30g/cm3 The total porosity was 68.56%, the vent porosity was 21.02%, and the size to pore ratio was 0.44.
The indexes of the cultivated tomato seedlings are as follows:
TABLE IV COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 growth indexes of tomato seedlings grown by seedling growing medium
As can be seen from the above table, the tomato seedlings cultured by the seedling culture medium of comparative example 3 grow faster, but the strong seedling index is relatively lower, and the underground growth is poor.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that the volume ratio of the vegetable straw compost to vermiculite was 1:3, and the rest was as in example 1.
Comparative example 4 the pH of the seedling substrate was 7.39, the EC value was 0.79mS/cm, and the volume weight was 0.26g/cm3 The total porosity was 69.72%, the vent porosity was 22.54%, and the size to pore ratio was 0.48.
The indexes of the cultivated tomato seedlings are as follows:
table five comparative examples 4 seedling growth indexes of tomatoes cultured by seedling culture medium
As can be seen from the above table, the underground part of the tomato seedlings cultured by the seedling culture medium of the comparative example 4 has poor growth condition, and the phenomenon of excessive growth of the seedlings occurs, so that the seedling culture medium is not suitable for being used as a seedling culture medium.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 differs from example 1 in that the volume ratio of vegetable straw compost to perlite is 1:1, and the rest is as in example 1.
Comparative example 5 the pH of the seedling substrate was 7.62, the EC value was 1.19mS/cm, and the volume weight was 0.31g/cm3 The total porosity was 76.2%, the vent porosity was 45.19%, and the size to pore ratio was 1.45. The indexes of the cultivated tomato seedlings are as follows:
table six comparative examples 5 preparation of seedling substrate tomato seedling growth index
It can be seen from the above table that the seedling raising substrate of comparative example 5 has a lower rate of emergence and cannot be used as a seedling raising substrate, although the seedling raising effect is between that of the commercial seedling raising substrate and that of the seedling raising substrate of example 1.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing seedling culture medium by using vegetable straw compost is characterized by comprising the steps of mixing vegetable straws with decomposed organic fertilizer, performing primary fermentation and aging to obtain vegetable straw compost, and mixing the vegetable straw compost with vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 1-1.5: 1, mixing to obtain the seedling substrate.
2. A method for producing a seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the vegetable straw to the decomposed organic fertilizer is 4-4.5: 1.
3. A method for producing a seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer is one or more selected from decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer, decomposed pig manure organic fertilizer and decomposed cattle manure organic fertilizer.
4. A method for producing a seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vegetable straw is crushed to a particle size of 1-1.5 cm.
5. The method for producing a seedling substrate by using vegetable straw compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation is carried out once, the fermentation temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the compost is turned once every 3-5 days and maintained for 15 days.
6. A method for producing a seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost as claimed in claim 4, wherein the moisture content is controlled to be 50-60%, the oxygen content is controlled to be 5-15%, and the C/N ratio is controlled to be 25-30 in the primary fermentation.
7. The method for producing a seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aging is performed until the germination index of the seeds of the vegetable straw compost reaches 90-100%.
8. A method for producing a seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost as claimed in claim 6, wherein said aging is performed for 35-45 days with controlling the water content at 30-40%.
9. A method for producing a seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost as claimed in claim 1, further comprising screening the vegetable straw compost with 10mm of screen.
10. The method for producing seedling substrate by using vegetable straw compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH of the seedling substrate is 7.4-7.5, the EC value is 1.2-1.5 mS/cm, and the bulk density is 0.3-0.4g/cm3 The total porosity is 60-65%, the air permeability porosity is 18-21%, and the ratio of large pores to small pores is 0.4-0.5.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113135777A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | On-site harmless treatment method for fruit and vegetable wastes |
| CN114303882A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-12 | 河北省张家口市农业技术推广站 | Leaf vegetable seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN115053768A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-09-16 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Seedling raising method using solanaceous vegetable residues as matrix |
| CN115136870A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-10-04 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for producing seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113135777A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | On-site harmless treatment method for fruit and vegetable wastes |
| CN114303882A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-12 | 河北省张家口市农业技术推广站 | Leaf vegetable seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN115053768A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-09-16 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Seedling raising method using solanaceous vegetable residues as matrix |
| CN115136870A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-10-04 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for producing seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost |
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Application publication date: 20201124 |