CN104261983A - Method for preparing culture substrate - Google Patents
Method for preparing culture substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104261983A CN104261983A CN201410487402.9A CN201410487402A CN104261983A CN 104261983 A CN104261983 A CN 104261983A CN 201410487402 A CN201410487402 A CN 201410487402A CN 104261983 A CN104261983 A CN 104261983A
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- windrow
- matrix
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- substrate
- cultivation matrix
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a culture substrate, belonging to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer production. The method comprises the following steps: utilizing edible fungi residues fruiting twice at least, adding mixed bacteria of lactic acid bacteria and bacillus licheniformis, performing anaerobic fermentation, adding compound bacteria mixed by bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and saccharomycetes, performing aerobic fermentation, thereby forming a general substrate; adding polyacrylamide and nitrate rare-earth, stirring to be uniform, crushing and passing through a 4.75mm sieve, thereby obtaining the product. The culture substrate disclosed by the invention is high in content of beneficial bacteria, can effectively inhibit root diseases and prevent nutrient loss and effectively promote crop growth and is high in stress resistance, the speed of decomposing the substrate to provide nutrients for the crops is improved, the application range is wide, a compound substrate can be prepared during use, the problems such as EC values, salinity and infectious microbes are not worried, and a phenomenon that materials are needed to be subjected to high-temperature sterilization like other substrates is avoided.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of making method of cultivation matrix, belong to agriculture fertile production technical field.
[background technology]
Cultivation matrix, be defined as according to Baidupedia: cultivation matrix originates from the concept of soilless culture at first, refer to that the edatope around crop worsens, have a strong impact on the yield and quality of crop, people transfer to find substitute, with the fixing root system of plant of solid substrate (medium), and by matrix absorption nutritive medium and oxygen.So-called like this cultivation matrix is exactly refer to the solid dielectric providing the support of crop machinery and provisioning for soil.And many times, surrounding soil environment does not worsen, just people wish that cultivation condition is better, and crop is grown better.
Cultivation matrix can be divided into again inorganic matrix and organic substrate two kinds, inorganic matrix refers to the material such as sand, chad, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, expanded ceramsite, cinder, and organic substrate refers to bark, wood sawdust, peat, reed, mushroom slag, wormcast, coconut palm chaff, rotted leaf, foam pigment, composite interstitial substance etc.In general, the cation exchange capacity of organic substrate is large, the cation exchange capacity of image height position peat soil can reach 140 ~ 160me/100g, and gravel is 0.1 ~ 1me/100g, but neither say that the cation exchange capacity of inorganic matrix is just necessarily little, the cation exchange capacity as vermiculite can reach 100 ~ 150me/100g.Cation exchange capacity is an important factor in cultivation matrix, and more powerful cation exchange capacity then more has powerful soda acid resiliency, saline and alkaline resiliency, planting environment can be made to seem safety, and have powerful fertilizer conservation, feeder capability, and crop health can be made to become
In general, the standard of applicable growing and cultivation comprises unit weight is 0.1 ~ 0.8g/cm
3, pH is 6.5 ~ 7.0, but some requires that special crop is not necessarily applicable to this condition.Such as, some flower growth requires strict especially, and its specific conductivity (EC) value lower than 0.8, as the cultivation matrix that tobacco group formulates, will will limit its EC value not higher than 0.8.With reference to other data, EC value will be applied fertilizer lower than 0.5, and the EC value that vegetables are suitable for is 1.0 ~ 2.6, and the EC value that general flowers are suitable for is 1.3 ~ 2.75, and the total salt concentration of matrix requires as being less than 500mg/Kg (namely 0.05%).Such as, but it is to be noted, above data from studying widely and concluding, only have referential, some vegetables are as the actual plantation of cabbage heart, and EC value reaches 3.2, also can well grow in the same old way.
Current organic substrate, major part derives from mine working, and as the turfy soil in Zhaoqing, the peat soil in the north, these are all Nonrenewable resources, so country also not too supports this way.A part of matrix in addition, then derive from waste reprocessing, as the reed foam etc. in Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), mushroom slag, paper mill, at present, these raw materials are made matrix also fewer, part is used for the production of organic fertilizer, and part has then directly been abandoned, and causes waste or environmental pollution.
Some patents, as " a kind of preparation method of soilless plant cultivation matrix and the matrix prepared by the method " (CN201410126225), agriculture and forestry organic waste material, water, fermentation catalyst, fermenting agent, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar are mixed and carries out first time fermentative processing, obtained first fermented substrate, then in first time fermented substrate, add fermentation catalyst, water, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar, carry out second time fermentative processing and get final product; " vegetable soilless culture matrix method of cultivation " (CN201410109700), by by agricultural wastes proportioning, pre-treatment, stacking, turning, sieve, granulation, packaging and other steps complete.These patents all interosculate, and ferment exactly, and referring again to some other patents, common ground also just comprises mixture.In fact, the making of most of matrix all fermentation or (with) complete in the mode of mixture, difference comprises formula difference, functional difference, raw material difference etc., and how to meet the basic index (suitable EC value, salinity, cation exchange capacity etc.) of matrix, and have required functional, then lack in many patents and embody.Picture " inorganic planting substrate for plantation " (CN200410072723) and some other patent, add a large amount of chemicals, have and EC value greatly may be caused to increase, unfavorable to this growth phase in seedling stage to seed.Meanwhile, the self character (as nutrient is low) of matrix, in use, can cause de-fertile too early due to the reason such as be diligent in watering.These problems total total, all will solve." method for producing polyacrylamide cultivation substrate " (CN200910096582), although use polyacrylamide, but its making method is with to boil nutrient agar similar, and add the compounds such as ammonium sulfate, unconventional containing the organic substrate of humus and the inorganic matrix of such as haydite and so on, although this cultivation matrix technique is simple, production rate is fast, but also can only promote in laboratory, market acceptance level is low.Referring again to some patents, the raw material of the inside is said scope is very large, ratio says agriculture and forestry organic waste material, garden waste, hardly realize, branch is how different from the edible slag of wooden chaff shape, can not a kind of method of invention just can embrace a wide spectrum of ideas, raw material must be classified and process, otherwise those are all unpractical patents of invention, have little significance.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the invention is to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of low EC value, low salt being provided, cation exchange capacity is large, water retention capacity is strong, the making method of plant growth more remarkable effect, the effectively cultivation matrix of control root disease.
The present invention for achieving the above object, by the following technical solutions:
A making method for cultivation matrix, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, choose the edible fungi residues at least appearing twice mushroom, regulate edible fungi residues moisture between 50 ~ 65%, add the mixed bacterium of milk-acid bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis and stir, the mixed bacterium concentration in material is made to be not less than 100,000/gram of materials, complete with covered rearing with plastic film after windrow, carry out anaerobically fermenting 7 ~ 10 days;
B, open plastics film, after windrow superficial drying, spill the composite bacteria that one deck subtilis, aspergillus niger and yeast mix than 5 ~ 100:1:1 by bacterium number, make the concentration of composite bacteria in windrow be not less than 500,000/gram of windrows, turning, starts aerobic fermentation;
During c, aerobic fermentation, interval turning, treat that windrow moisture is lower than 35%, when temperature is lower than 40 DEG C, form general matrix, then add the rare earth nitrate of 1 ~ 10Kg polyacrylamide and 0.001 ~ 0.1Kg by every cube of matrix, stir, then carry out fragmentation and cross 4.75mm sieve, obtaining cultivation matrix.
Edible fungi residues chooses the bacterium slag in planting process at least after twice fruiting, and this bacterium slag has been not suitable for being used further to breed edible mushrooms, EC value can be avoided again higher simultaneously.Bacterium slag is when just going out edible mushrooms workshop, and general moisture is between 50 ~ 65%, and the moisture condition of just suitable fermentation, if the moisture condition of bacterium slag is not between 50 ~ 65%, then will keep the skin wet within the scope of this moisture.
Plastics film in the present invention is preferably black plastic film, and the windrow air storage of covered with plastic film can carry out anaerobically fermenting.
During aerobic fermentation of the present invention, turning in every two days once, to force oxygen supply and to make that moisture declines, material is even.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following advantage:
(1) for how the no longer unidirectional organic fertilizer production of edible fungi residues has carried an outlet;
(2) this cultivation matrix mixture unclassified stores again after thermophilic fermentation, applied widely, can autogamy composite interstitial substance and do not worry the problems such as EC value, salinity, miscellaneous bacteria during use, also need not need to carry out high-temperature sterilization to material as other matrix;
(3) probiotics content is high, effectively can suppress root disease, and effectively promote plant growth, decomposes matrix and can improve to the speed of crop to supply nutrient;
(4) polyacrylamide added can effective water conservation, and avoid the operation of moisturizing of often watering, decrease nutrient loss, plant growth is better;
(5) rare earth nitrate is paramagnetism fertilizer, and consumption is few, successful, plant growth can be used good, strong stress resistance.
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1:
A, choose the edible fungi residues appearing twice mushroom, regulate edible fungi residues moisture between 50 ~ 55%, add the mixed bacterium of milk-acid bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis and stir, the mixed bacterium concentration in material is made to reach 100,000/gram of materials, complete with covered rearing with plastic film after windrow, carry out anaerobically fermenting 7 days;
B, open plastics film, after windrow superficial drying, spill the composite bacteria that one deck subtilis, aspergillus niger and yeast mix than 20:1:1 by bacterium number, mix, make the concentration of composite bacteria in windrow reach 500,000/gram of windrows, turning, start aerobic fermentation;
During c, aerobic fermentation, turning in every two days once, treats that windrow moisture is lower than 35%, when temperature is lower than 40 DEG C, then add the rare earth nitrate of 1Kg polyacrylamide and 0.001Kg by every cube of matrix, stir, then carry out fragmentation and cross 4.75mm sieve, obtaining cultivation matrix.
After testing, the EC value of the cultivation matrix of embodiment 1 is 0.52, and salt is divided into 0.07%, is extremely applicable to soilless culture.
Embodiment 2:
A, choose the edible fungi residues appearing three mushrooms, regulate edible fungi residues moisture between 55 ~ 60%, add the mixed bacterium of milk-acid bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis and stir, the mixed bacterium concentration in material is made to reach 200,000/gram of materials, complete with covered rearing with plastic film after windrow, carry out anaerobically fermenting 10 days;
B, open plastics film, after windrow superficial drying, spill the composite bacteria that one deck subtilis, aspergillus niger and yeast mix than 5:1:1 by bacterium number, make the concentration of composite bacteria in windrow reach 600,000/gram of windrows, turning, start aerobic fermentation;
During c, aerobic fermentation, interval turning, treats that windrow moisture is lower than 35%, when temperature is lower than 40 DEG C, then adds the rare earth nitrate of 5Kg polyacrylamide and 0.01Kg by every cube of matrix, stir, and then carries out fragmentation and crosses 4.75mm sieve, obtaining cultivation matrix.
After testing, the EC value of the cultivation matrix of embodiment 2 is 0.48, and salt is divided into 0.06%, is extremely applicable to soilless culture.
Embodiment 3:
A, choose the edible fungi residues appearing twice mushroom, regulate edible fungi residues moisture between 60 ~ 65%, add the mixed bacterium of milk-acid bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis and stir, the mixed bacterium concentration in material is made to reach 150,000/gram of materials, complete with covered rearing with plastic film after windrow, carry out anaerobically fermenting 8 days;
B, open plastics film, after windrow superficial drying, spill the composite bacteria that one deck subtilis, aspergillus niger and yeast mix than 100:1:1 by bacterium number, make the concentration of composite bacteria in windrow reach 800,000/gram of windrows, turning, start aerobic fermentation;
During c, aerobic fermentation, interval turning, treats that windrow moisture is lower than 35%, when temperature is lower than 40 DEG C, then adds the rare earth nitrate of 10Kg polyacrylamide and 0.1Kg by every cube of matrix, stir, and then carries out fragmentation and crosses 4.75mm sieve, obtaining cultivation matrix.
After testing, the EC value of the cultivation matrix of embodiment 1 is 0.71, and salt is divided into 0.10%, is extremely applicable to soilless culture.
Claims (3)
1. a making method for cultivation matrix, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, choose the edible fungi residues at least appearing twice mushroom, regulate edible fungi residues moisture between 50 ~ 65%, add the mixed bacterium of milk-acid bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis and stir, the mixed bacterium concentration in material is made to be not less than 100,000/gram of materials, complete with covered rearing with plastic film after windrow, carry out anaerobically fermenting 7 ~ 10 days;
B, open plastics film, after windrow superficial drying, spill the composite bacteria that one deck subtilis, aspergillus niger and yeast mix than 5 ~ 100:1:1 by bacterium number, make the concentration of composite bacteria in windrow be not less than 500,000/gram of windrows, turning, starts aerobic fermentation;
During c, aerobic fermentation, interval turning, treat that windrow moisture is lower than 35%, when temperature is lower than 40 DEG C, form general matrix, then add the rare earth nitrate of 1 ~ 10Kg polyacrylamide and 0.001 ~ 0.1Kg by every cube of matrix, stir, then carry out fragmentation and cross 4.75mm sieve, obtaining cultivation matrix.
2. the making method of a kind of cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that described plastics film is black plastic film.
3. the making method of a kind of cultivation matrix according to claim 1, during it is characterized in that aerobic fermentation, turning in every two days once.
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| CN201410487402.9A CN104261983B (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2014-09-22 | A kind of preparation method of cultivation matrix |
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| CN201410487402.9A CN104261983B (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2014-09-22 | A kind of preparation method of cultivation matrix |
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| CN104261983A true CN104261983A (en) | 2015-01-07 |
| CN104261983B CN104261983B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105175106A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-12-23 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Crop cultivation matrix and preparation method therefor |
| CN105585388A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-05-18 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | Culture medium based on filter mud and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105613243A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-01 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | Crop straw based culture medium and making method thereof |
| CN105660337A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-15 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | Culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105794614A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-27 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | Cultivation matrix based on sawdust and preparation method thereof |
| CN105985164A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-10-05 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Microbial seedling raising medium formula |
| CN106034811A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Application of edible mushroom residues in preparation of carya cathayensis seeding culturing substrates |
| CN106332718A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-18 | 合肥市田然农业科技园有限公司 | Rapid loquat seedling culture method |
| CN106489598A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-15 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Medium of Container Seedling and preparation method thereof |
| CN107266148A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-10-20 | 重庆文理学院 | A kind of floriculture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108605808A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-10-02 | 合肥云都棉花有限公司 | A kind of culture substrate for saline-alkali tolerant raising seedling of cotton |
| CN108719335A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-02 | 柯江波 | Sustained release bacteriostatic agent and preparation method for Vegetable culture medium processing |
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| CN102643120A (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-22 | 潍坊市云涛有机肥料有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer |
| CN103073362A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-05-01 | 四川农业大学 | Bentonite and fungal dreg compounded water-retention fertilizer-conservation cultivation matrix and its preparation method |
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2014
- 2014-09-22 CN CN201410487402.9A patent/CN104261983B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102643120A (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-22 | 潍坊市云涛有机肥料有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer |
| CN103073362A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-05-01 | 四川农业大学 | Bentonite and fungal dreg compounded water-retention fertilizer-conservation cultivation matrix and its preparation method |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105985164A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-10-05 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Microbial seedling raising medium formula |
| CN105175106A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-12-23 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Crop cultivation matrix and preparation method therefor |
| CN105660337A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-15 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | Culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105585388A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-05-18 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | Culture medium based on filter mud and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105613243A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-01 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | Crop straw based culture medium and making method thereof |
| CN105794614A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-27 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | Cultivation matrix based on sawdust and preparation method thereof |
| CN106034811A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Application of edible mushroom residues in preparation of carya cathayensis seeding culturing substrates |
| CN106332718A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-18 | 合肥市田然农业科技园有限公司 | Rapid loquat seedling culture method |
| CN106489598A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-15 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Medium of Container Seedling and preparation method thereof |
| CN107266148A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-10-20 | 重庆文理学院 | A kind of floriculture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108605808A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-10-02 | 合肥云都棉花有限公司 | A kind of culture substrate for saline-alkali tolerant raising seedling of cotton |
| CN108719335A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-02 | 柯江波 | Sustained release bacteriostatic agent and preparation method for Vegetable culture medium processing |
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|---|---|
| CN104261983B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
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Inventor after: Liu Fudong Inventor after: Zeng Fanqiang Inventor after: Zeng Songqing Inventor after: Liang Yanxia Inventor after: Yao Qiuli Inventor after: Liu Jiefeng Inventor before: Liu Fudong Inventor before: Zeng Fanqiang Inventor before: Liang Yanxia Inventor before: Yao Qiuli Inventor before: Liu Jiefeng |
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Effective date of registration: 20170505 Address after: The exhibition of Guangdong Torch Development Zone, 528400 East Road Zhongshan City, No. 16 digital building room 1706 Patentee after: ZHONGSHAN CHENGMING AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. Address before: 528400 Guangdong city in Zhongshan Province, the first Gilbert Torch Development Zone, Road No. 1 3 floor 3 card Patentee before: Zhongshan Baside Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. |
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