CN106167430A - A kind of method utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material to prepare plant cultivation media and the cultivation matrix of preparation - Google Patents
A kind of method utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material to prepare plant cultivation media and the cultivation matrix of preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106167430A CN106167430A CN201510944586.1A CN201510944586A CN106167430A CN 106167430 A CN106167430 A CN 106167430A CN 201510944586 A CN201510944586 A CN 201510944586A CN 106167430 A CN106167430 A CN 106167430A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material to prepare plant cultivation media and the cultivation matrix prepared by the method, the preparation method of the plant cultivation media of the present invention includes: 1) spray water in agriculture and forestry organic waste material, regulates agriculture and forestry organic waste material moisture content；2) in agriculture and forestry organic waste material, add fermentation catalyst, microbial bacterial agent, brown sugar, after stirring, carry out fermentation process.Plant cultivation media prepared by the present invention is balanced in nutrition, and nutrient composition content is high, and rational in infrastructure, physical property is stable, it is simple to plant absorption, meets plant growing needs, improves survival rate and the appreciation effect of plant culture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Application way of a kind of agriculture and forestry organic waste material, utilize agricultural organic waste to carry out compost particularly to a kind of
Method and the agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost prepared by the method.
Background technology
Compost is a kind of organic fertilizer, and contained nutrient substance is abundanter, and fertilizer efficiency length is stablized, and may advantageously facilitate soil solid simultaneously
The formation of kernel structure, can increase soil water-retaining, be incubated, breathe freely, fertilizer-preserving ability, be used in mixed way with chemical fertilizer and can make up contained by chemical fertilizer
Nutrient is single and long-term single use chemical fertilizer easily makes soil compaction, water conservation, the defect of fertilizer conservation degraded performance.Compost be utilize various
Plant residue (crop straw, weeds, leaves, peat, rubbish and other garbage etc.) is primary raw material, mixes people and animals
Fecaluria is through the organic fertilizer of composting decomposition.Because its heap prepared material, composting principle and nutriment in a fertilizer composition and character are similar with barnyard manure,
So also known as artificial barnyard manure.
Along with industrialization, industrialization development, a large amount of agricultural organic wastes (as bark, wood flour, branch, straw, fallen leaves,
Mushroom slag etc.) land resource not only taking up preciousness is disposed in improper mode, and easily pollute environment, destroy ecological balance.
Although agricultural organic waste source complexity, but its constituent is mainly organic substance, can use composting mode to provide
Sourceization processes.The essence of compost is the process that solid waste is decomposed into metastable humus.Research shows, utilize bark,
Carry out the banking up product of fermentation such as straw, mushroom slag can serve as botanical seedling culturing, cultivation matrix, and it has, and nutrient content is abundant, nitrogen
The remarkable advantages such as phosphorus is nutrient slowly-released, density is little, good, the convenient transportation of water conservation permeability.But its permeability and water absorption are poor, pH
The problems such as value, EC value are high become the bottleneck that limit product is sold.At present for these ways to solve the problem mainly: simply adjust
The proportioning of whole several material improves its permeability and water absorption；The acidification using mineral acid to carry out irrigation water reduces pH value；
EC value is improved by drip washing.These modes can solve problem to the eye, but adjusts joining of several materials by simple
Than the high-end product that can not form long stable effect；The acidification carrying out irrigation water with mineral acid is easily caused water pollution；Pass through drip washing
Improvement EC value waste water resource.This kind of settling mode puts into greatly relatively, and cost is high, easily pollutes environment, and effect duration
Short, easily cause injury, be not long-term plan.Owing to existing composting technology does not passes a test, product quality is uneven, cost height,
Sell difficulty, it is impossible to form scale and industrialization operation mode.
The organic mineral complex formed by bentonite and humic acid, possesses the acidity of humic acid, hydrophilic, ion exchangeable,
Complexing and higher absorbability, buffer, the feature such as catalysis, bentonite is the eka-silicon with montmorillonite as main component simultaneously
Silicate clay mineral, have stronger adsorptivity and ion exchangeable.Natural montmorillonite, through simple modified, can significantly improve
Interlamellar spacing, specific surface area, absorption property etc..
Summary of the invention
The primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is for the plant cultivation media pH utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost fermentation method to prepare and EC value
High, it is difficult to scale, the bottleneck problem of industrialization, proposition humic acid-modified alta-mud is as compost fermentation additive, it is provided that
A kind of new method utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material to prepare plant cultivation media and the plant cultivation media prepared by the method.The present invention's
Plant cultivation media is cheap, provides as the resource recycling of soil improvement or soilless culture substrate for agriculture and forestry organic waste material
Technical support.The present invention makes full use of agricultural organic waste and carries out resource recycling, and the plant cultivation media chemistry of preparation
Stable in properties, soda acid appropriateness, permeability is good, and physical and chemical index all reaches the requirement of Soil improvement matrix and soilless culture substrate,
Can provide good and stable fertilizer for plant growing, fertilizer efficiency is high, promotes plant growing.
For achieving the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material to prepare plant cultivation media, bag
Include following steps: 1) spray water in agriculture and forestry organic waste material, regulate agriculture and forestry organic waste material moisture content；2) add in agriculture and forestry organic waste material
Fermentation catalyst, microbial bacterial agent, brown sugar, after stirring, carry out fermentation process.
Wherein, step 1) described in agriculture and forestry organic waste material be agriculture, woods, herd, each industry of fishing, produce, process and daily life process
The garbage of middle generation.
Particularly, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material selects branch, bark, fallen leaves, wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, in mushroom slag
One or more.
Wherein, step 1) described in agriculture and forestry organic waste material spray water, regulation agriculture and forestry organic waste material moisture content is 50-65%.
Particularly, also include step 1A) in agriculture and forestry organic waste material add feces of livestock and poultry or/and nitrogenous fertilizer, the described agricultural of regulation discard
After the carbon-nitrogen ratio of thing is 20-30:1, then carry out described regulation garbage moisture content.
Especially, described feces of livestock and poultry selects chicken manure, pig manure or cattle manure；Described nitrogenous fertilizer selects carbamide.
Wherein, step 2) described in microbial bacterial agent select VT-1000 microbial inoculum or EM microbial inoculum, preferably VT-1000 microbial inoculum.
Particularly, living bacteria count >=2 × 10 in described VT-1000 microbial inoculum8Individual/ml, mainly by photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, breast
Nearly 10 bacterial strains such as acid bacterium, yeast etc. are constituted.
Wherein, step 2) described in the described microbial bacterial agent that adds in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material in fermentation treatments
Volume 0.15-0.25L, preferably 0.2L.
Particularly, step 2) described in the weight of brown sugar that adds in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material in fermentation treatments
0.15-0.25kg, preferably 0.2kg.
Wherein, step 2) described in the weight of agriculture and forestry organic waste material and described fermentation catalyst be 70-95:5-30, preferably
For 85-95:5-15.
Particularly, described fermentation catalyst is humic acid and the bentonite of poly modification.
Wherein, described fermentation catalyst is prepared from accordance with the following steps:
A) preparation humic acid solution
Humic acid is joined in alkaline solution, stirring, dissolve, prepare humic acid solution；
B) preparation poly solution
After poly is mixed with water, stir, be uniformly dissolved, make poly solution；
C) bentonite modified process
First poly solution is mixed homogeneously with humic acid solution, prepare poly-humic acid mixed solution；Then
Bentonite is joined in poly-humic acid mixed solution, carries out centrifugal treating after stirring 3-4h, take lower sediment,
Carry out drying and processing, prepare fermentation catalyst--humic acid-poly-modified alta-mud.
Particularly, step A) described in alkaline solution select concentration to be the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.15-0.25mol/L, preferably 0.2
The sodium hydroxide solution of mol/L.
Especially, described humic acid weight is 0.5-1.5:1, preferably 1:1 with the ratio of the volume of alkaline solution, will every 1g humic
Acid is dissolved in 1L alkaline solution or by every 1kg humic acid solution 1000L alkaline solution.
Wherein, step B) in the concentration of volume percent of poly solution be 0.5-2.0%, preferably 1%.
Particularly, described poly is 0.5:95.5-2:98, preferably 1:99 with the ratio of the volume of water.
Wherein, step C) described in mixing time be 3.5h；Drying and processing temperature is 80-90 DEG C.
Particularly, step C) described in the ratio of poly solution and the volume of described humic acid solution be 0.5-1.5:1, be preferably
1:1；Described bentonitic weight is 30-50:1, preferably 40:1 with the ratio of the volume of humic acid solution, humic described in i.e. every 1L
Acid solution adds 30-50g bentonite, is stirred, modification, or humic acid solution described in every 1000L adds 30-50kg
Bentonite, is stirred, modification；Described poly solution is 0.5-1.5:1 with the ratio of the volume of described humic acid solution,
Being preferably 1:1, i.e. every 0.5-1.5ml poly solution mixes with humic acid solution described in 1ml, stirring, modification swelling
Soil, or often 0.5-1.5L poly solution mixes with humic acid solution described in 1L, stirring, modification bentonite.
Wherein, step 2) described in fermentation process include the step that order below is carried out:
2-1) that the fermentation catalyst stirred, microbial bacterial agent, brown sugar, agriculture and forestry organic waste material heap is in heaps, carry out fermentation of banking up,
And in sweat of banking up, monitor temperature and the moisture content of heap body；
2-2) when heap temperature is increased to 55 DEG C, carry out turning process；
2-3) when heap temperature is increased to more than 60 DEG C, within every 2-5 days, carry out a turning and process, and regulate heap body moisture content；
2-4) when heap temperature is reduced to below 55 DEG C, within every 7-12 days, carry out a turning and process；
2-5) drop to less than 35 DEG C when heap temperature, and when within continuous two days, temperature difference is less than 0.5 DEG C, stop turning；
2-6) continue to bank up 30-60 days by the fermentation hybrid reactor body stopping turning, to obtain final product.
Particularly, step 2-1) described in control heap body moisture content be 50-60%；Step 2-3) in heap temperature at 60-68 DEG C
Time, within every 2-5 days, carry out a turning and process；Step 2-3) in regulation heap body moisture content be 50-60%.
Particularly, after also including being crushed to described agriculture and forestry organic waste material the granule of particle diameter≤5cm, then containing of agriculture and forestry organic waste material is regulated
Water rate.
Especially, the particle diameter of the agriculture and forestry organic waste material granule after described pulverizing is 2-5cm.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of plant cultivation media prepared according to the method described above.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has a following obvious advantage:
1, the physical property of plant cultivation media of the present invention is stable, the cultivation matrix soda acid appropriateness of preparation, and matrix nutrition equilibrium,
The suitable flower growth of nutrient ion concentration.
2, the preparation process of cultivation matrix of the present invention with the addition of humic acid-poly modified alta-mud as fermenting additive,
Optimize the environmental condition of composting process, promote compost humification process, accelerate compost speed；The ammonia of sweat is had simultaneously
Fixation, decreases nitrogen loss, keeps nutrient content；The most also content of various nutrients in regulation sweat,
Regulation material Middle nutrition balance, improves compost quality；Improve permeability and the water absorption of composting substrate, play adjustment apertures,
Make compost fluffy and promote logical wind action；Reduce pH value and the EC value of composting substrate；Exchanged by ion, absorption reduces
The heavy metal activity in the middle of feces of livestock and poultry that compost material especially adds, reduces pH value and the EC value of composting production.Meanwhile,
Increase and be available for the inorganic states nutrient that plant absorption utilizes.
3, cultivation matrix preparation process of the present invention is added brown sugar and promotes beneficial microbe breeding, improve microbiologic population in material,
Improve and keep microbial activity, reducing nitrogen loss, improve the physicochemical property of compost finished product, improve compost material utilization rate and
The quality of composting production.
4, the cultivation matrix physicochemical properties that prepared by the inventive method are stable, acid-base value moderate (pH 6.35-6.57), conductance
Rate (EC value) is 0.52-0.97mS/cm, and cultivation matrix quality is loosened, and permeability is good, and venting capability is excellent, the thing of substrate
Physical and chemical index meets the requirement of gardening plant suitable growth so that the composting production after fermentation is suitable to plant culture.
5, the cultivation matrix nitrogen content that prepared by the inventive method is 1.9537-2.7983%, and available phosphorus contents is 0.195-0.296%,
Quick-acting potassium content is 0.99-1.13%, and content of humic acid is 19.7-27.8%, and total content of organic carbon is 18.53-38.26%, nutrition
Rational in infrastructure, it is simple to plant absorption, meet plant growing needs.
6, the plant cultivation media of the present invention is loose, fertile, pH is neutral, and suitable for plant grows, and remarkably promotes root growth and sends out
Educate, promote that plant seed germination, its germination percentage and germination index are high.
7, preparation method technique of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and product yield is high, and product quality is controlled, the plant culture of preparation
The high specific surface area of substrate, meets the requirement of plant soil-less culturing substrate.
Detailed description of the invention
Further describe the beneficial effect of formula of the present invention below by detailed description of the invention, these embodiments are only examples
Property, the scope of the present invention is not constituted any restriction.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that without departing from the present invention
Formula thinking, the details of technical solution of the present invention and form can be modified or replace under purposes scope, but these amendments
Each fall within protection scope of the present invention with replacement.
Humic acid employed in the embodiment of the present invention is purchased from Baoding ten thousand humic acid research and development centre of biochemistry group of state, crystalloid
Grain, water content 18%, full nitrogen 0.16%, organic carbon 40.60%；Bentonite be purchased from fully stocked wood flowers market, Beijing, water content 0.1%,
Particle diameter≤0.1mm, CEC=115mmol (100g)-1, pH value 8.6；Microbial bacterial agent is VT-1000 microbial inoculum, purchased from Beijing
Fertile soil world bio tech ltd, is mainly made up of nearly 10 bacterial strains such as photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, yeast,
Effectively viable bacteria is no less than 2 × 108Individual/ml；Poly, shoots a retrievable arrow chemical products Co., Ltd purchased from Peking blue, saturating for Chinese red
Bright liquid, relative density about 1.20, soluble in water, pH value 1.8.
Embodiment 1
1, the pretreatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
1-1) use pulverizer that garden waste branch (branch that willow, Sophora japonica L., willow etc. are pruned) is carried out pulverization process,
Cross the sieve that aperture is 2cm, make the garbage granule of particle diameter≤2cm；
1-2) adding carbamide in garbage granule, the C/N ratio of regulation garbage granule for 30:1, prepares compost fermentation granule.
In the present invention in addition to using carbamide regulation garbage granule C/N ratio, it is also possible to use feces of livestock and poultry (such as cattle manure, chicken
Excrement, horsehit etc.) increase the nitrogen content of garbage.
During the fermentation, the fermentation substrate that ferment particulate is 20-50mm grade that the present invention selects, sending out in this size fraction ranges
Ferment granule is the primary particles size fraction ranges of optimum agriculture and forestry organic waste material high-efficiency fermenting, can form good aerobic fermentation environment, energy
Enough effectively facilitate the exchange of the oxygen in composting process and carbon dioxide, increase porosity, improve compost water conservation and moisture holding capacity,
Improve ventilating permeable and the unit weight of material in composting process, accelerate the programming rate of composting process, for microorganism breeding and point
Solution activity provides a good physicochemical environment, optimizes the process control condition of composting process, and suitable granule grade is permissible
The material making the lignin in agriculture and forestry organic waste material, cellulose etc. be difficult to decompose quickly is decomposed by the microorganisms, and significantly shortens compost fermentation
The process time.
2, preparation fermentation catalyst
2-1) preparation humic acid solution
Humic acid is joined in alkaline solution (concentration is the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.20mol/L), stirring, it is uniformly dissolved, system
Becoming humic acid solution, wherein the concentration of humic acid solution is 1g/L, will 1g humic acid to be dissolved in the sodium hydroxide of 0.2mol/L molten
Liquid, and constant volume is to 1L, say, that in humic acid solution, the weight of humic acid is 1:1 with the ratio of the volume of alkaline solution, i.e.
Every 1g humic acid is dissolved in 1L alkaline solution or every 1kg humic acid is dissolved in 1000L alkaline solution.
2-2) preparation poly solution
Poly is joined in pure water, stir, make poly solution, the wherein volume of poly solution
Percent concentration is 1%, will 1L poly water constant volume to 100L, say, that poly in poly solution
The ratio of volume and the volume of water be 1:99, i.e. 1L poly is dissolved in 99L pure water, and it is pure that 1ml poly is dissolved in 99ml
Water purification.
2-3) bentonite modified process
10L poly solution is mixed with 10L humic acid solution, adds bentonite (400g), stirring, modification 3.5h
After, centrifugal, take lower sediment, dry at 80-90 DEG C, prepare fermentation catalyst (i.e. humic acid-poly-bentone
Soil), the most bentonitic weight is 40:1 with the ratio of the volume of humic acid solution, poly solution and the body of humic acid solution
Long-pending ratio is 1:1, i.e. every 40g bentonite, 1L poly solution join in 1L humic acid solution or every 40kg bentonite,
1000L poly solution joins in 1000L humic acid solution, is modified bentonite processing.
3, fermentation process
3-1) spray water in compost fermentation granule, prepared moisture content is the compost fermentation granule of 60%；
3-2) joining in the compost fermentation granule that moisture content is 60% by microbial bacterial agent, fermentation catalyst, brown sugar, stirring is mixed
Even, prepare fermenting mixture, wherein, the weight (dry weight) of the garbage in compost fermentation granule and the weight of fermentation catalyst
Ratio be 85:15, the amount of the fermentation catalyst quality added in i.e. every 85kg (dry weight) garbage granule is 15kg；Wherein,
Every 100kg (dry weight) garbage granule adds 0.2L microbial bacterial agent, wherein, effective viable bacteria >=2 × 10 in VT microbial inoculum8
Individual/ml, effective viable bacteria is mainly made up of nearly 10 bacterial strains such as photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, yeast；Every 100kg
(dry weight) garbage granule adds 0.2kg brown sugar.
3-3) being stacked in fermentation tank by fermenting mixture, carry out banking up fermentation process, and monitors temperature and the moisture content of heap body,
The most each heap body width 2m, waste height 1.5m.
In the present invention, the width of garbage fermentation hybrid reactor body should be not less than 1m, and waste height determines according to the particular type of fermentation,
Indoor compost, is not less than 1m, outdoor compost, is not less than 2m.
3-4) it is stacked in fermentation tank from fermenting mixture and starts calculating and bank up fermentation time, and monitor heap temperature and moisture content,
Along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, and during banking up when heap temperature rises to 55 DEG C, turns over
Heap is once；Along with the carrying out of fermentation, compost enters the megathermal period, when heap temperature is increased to more than 60 DEG C, heap temperature 60～
When 68 DEG C, every 2d turning once, makes heap body moisture content be maintained at 60% to heap body water spray simultaneously；If heap temperature is more than 68 DEG C
Time turning immediately, reduce heap temperature, simultaneously during turning control heap body moisture content make to remain 60%；When heap temperature reduces,
Entering compost cooldown period, when heap temperature is reduced to below 45 DEG C, every 12d turning is once；When heap temperature drops to 35 DEG C
Hereinafter, and when within continuous two days, temperature difference is less than 0.5 DEG C, turning is stopped.
4, become thoroughly decomposed process
The 45d that banks up is continued in the fermentation hybrid reactor body removal compost place stopping turning, it is thus achieved that agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate.
The agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and heap body is loose crumb structure, does not has stench, no longer
Attracting mosquitos and flies, its performance indications detect as follows:
Using pH meter and conductivity meter to measure substrate pH value, EC value, concrete assay method is as follows:
The castoff compost air-dried prepared by the present embodiment mixes with the ratio that hydromining solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:10 (W/V), vibration
Centrifugal filtration after 30min, uses pH meter, conductivity meter to measure the pH value in filtrate and EC value.
Nitrogen uses Kjeldahl nitrogen determination；Phosphorus H2SO4-H2O2Method disappears and boils, and molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method measures；Potassium uses H2SO4-H2O2
Method disappears and boils, and flare photometer measures.
Using potassium bichromate titrimetric method Outside Heating Method to measure the organic carbon content in castoff compost, concrete assay method is as follows:
After adding air-dried castoff compost in dry hard test tube, add K2Cr2O7Standard solution and dense H2SO4, then will
Test tube makes liquid boiling 5min in test tube at 170-180 DEG C, then pours out tube contents, enters with ferrous sulfate standard solution
Row titration, according to the consumption of ferrous sulfate, calculates the content of organic matter.
Using potassium bichromate titrimetric method to measure the total humic acid in base starting material, concrete assay method is as follows: by sodium pyrophosphate alkalescence
Solution cooks extractant, the humic acid of the base starting material extracted out, can be by potassium dichromate oxidation in strongly acidic solution, according to weight chromium
The consumption of acid potassium, calculates the content of humic acid.
Rapid available phosphorus uses NaHCO3The extraction anti-colorimetry of aluminum antimony；Available potassium uses NH4OAc extracts flame spectrometry.
The performance indications testing result of agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 2
1, the pretreatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
1-1) use pulverizer that garden waste branch (branch that willow, Sophora japonica L., willow etc. are pruned) is carried out pulverization process,
Cross the sieve that aperture is 5cm, make the garbage granule of particle diameter≤5cm；
1-2) adding carbamide in garbage granule, the C/N ratio of regulation garbage granule for 20:1, prepares compost fermentation granule.
2, preparation fermentation catalyst
2-1) preparation humic acid solution
Humic acid is joined in alkaline solution (concentration is the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.15mol/L), stirring, it is uniformly dissolved, system
Becoming humic acid solution, wherein the concentration of humic acid solution is 1.5g/L, will be dissolved in the hydroxide of 0.15mol/L by 1.5g humic acid
Sodium solution, and constant volume is to 1L, say, that in humic acid solution, the weight of humic acid is 1.5:1 with the ratio of the volume of alkaline solution,
I.e. 1.5g humic acid is dissolved in 1L alkaline solution, 1.5kg humic acid solution 1000L alkaline solution.
2-2) preparation poly solution
Poly is joined in pure water, stir, make poly solution, the wherein volume of poly solution
Percent concentration is 2%, will 2L poly water constant volume to 100L, say, that poly in poly solution
The ratio of volume and the volume of water be 2:98, i.e. 2L poly is dissolved in 98L pure water, and it is pure that 2ml poly is dissolved in 98ml
Water purification.
2-3) bentonite modified process
10L poly solution is mixed with 10L humic acid solution, adds bentonite (300g), stirring, modification 4h
After, centrifugal, take lower sediment, dry at 80-90 DEG C, prepare fermentation catalyst (i.e. humic acid-poly-bentone
Soil), the most bentonitic weight is 30:1 with the ratio of the volume of humic acid solution, poly solution and the body of humic acid solution
Long-pending ratio is 1:1, i.e. every 30g bentonite, 1L poly solution join in 1L humic acid solution or every 30kg bentonite,
1000L poly solution joins in 1000L humic acid solution, is modified bentonite processing.
3, fermentation process
3-1) spray water in compost fermentation granule, prepared moisture content is the compost fermentation granule of 65%；
3-2) joining in the compost fermentation granule that moisture content is 65% by microbial bacterial agent, fermentation catalyst, brown sugar, stirring is mixed
Even, prepare fermenting mixture, wherein, the weight (dry weight) of the garbage granule in compost fermentation granule and fermentation catalyst
Weight ratio is 90:10, and the amount of the fermentation catalyst quality added in i.e. every 90kg (dry weight) garbage granule is 10kg；
Wherein, every 100kg (dry weight) garbage granule adds 0.15L microbial bacterial agent, wherein, effective viable bacteria in VT microbial inoculum >=
2×108Individual/ml, effective viable bacteria is mainly made up of nearly 10 bacterial strains such as photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, yeast；Often
100kg (dry weight) garbage granule adds 0.25kg brown sugar.
3-3) being stacked in fermentation tank by fermenting mixture, carry out banking up fermentation process, and monitors temperature and the moisture content of heap body,
The most each heap body width 2m, waste height 1.5m.
3-4) it is stacked in fermentation tank from fermenting mixture and starts calculating and bank up fermentation time, and monitor heap temperature and moisture content,
Along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, and during banking up when heap temperature rises to 55 DEG C, turns over
Heap is once；Along with the carrying out of fermentation, compost enters the megathermal period, when heap temperature is increased to more than 60 DEG C, heap temperature 60～
When 68 DEG C, every 5d turning once, makes heap body moisture content be maintained at 60% to heap body water spray simultaneously；If heap temperature is more than 68 DEG C
Time turning immediately, reduce heap temperature, simultaneously during turning control heap body moisture content make to remain 60%；When heap temperature reduces,
Entering compost cooldown period, when heap temperature is reduced to below 45 DEG C, every 12d turning is once；When heap temperature drops to 35 DEG C
Hereinafter, and when within continuous two days, temperature difference is less than 0.5 DEG C, turning is stopped.
4, become thoroughly decomposed process
The 60d that banks up is continued in the fermentation hybrid reactor body removal compost place stopping turning, it is thus achieved that agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate.
The agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and heap body is loose crumb structure, does not has stench, no longer
Attracting mosquitos and flies, it is as shown in table 1 that its performance prepares testing result.
Embodiment 3
1, the pretreatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
1-1) use pulverizer that garden waste branch (branch that willow, Sophora japonica L., willow etc. are pruned) is carried out pulverization process,
Cross the sieve that aperture is 2.5cm, make the garbage granule of particle diameter≤2.5cm；
1-2) adding carbamide in garbage granule, the C/N ratio of regulation garbage granule for 25:1, prepares compost fermentation granule.
2, preparation fermentation catalyst
2-1) preparation humic acid solution
Humic acid is joined in alkaline solution (concentration is the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.25mol/L), stirring, it is uniformly dissolved, system
Becoming humic acid solution, wherein the concentration of humic acid solution is 0.5g/L, will be dissolved in the hydroxide of 0.25mol/L by 0.5g humic acid
Sodium solution, and constant volume is to 1L, say, that in humic acid solution, the weight of humic acid is 0.5:1 with the ratio of the volume of alkaline solution,
I.e. 0.5g humic acid is dissolved in 1L alkaline solution, 0.5kg humic acid solution 1000L alkaline solution.
2-2) preparation poly solution
Poly is joined in pure water, stir, make poly solution, the wherein volume of poly solution
Percent concentration is 0.5%, will 0.5L poly water constant volume to 100L, say, that poly-horse in poly solution
Next sour volume is 0.5:95.5 with the ratio of the volume of water, i.e. 0.5L poly is dissolved in 95.5L pure water, 0.5ml poly
It is dissolved in 95.5ml pure water.
2-3) bentonite modified process
10L poly solution is mixed with 10L humic acid solution, adds bentonite (500g), stirring, modification 4h
After, centrifugal, take lower sediment, dry at 80-90 DEG C, prepare fermentation catalyst (i.e. humic acid-poly-bentone
Soil), the most bentonitic weight is 50:1 with the ratio of the volume of humic acid solution, poly solution and the body of humic acid solution
Long-pending ratio is 1:1, i.e. every 50g bentonite, 1L poly solution join in 1L humic acid solution or every 50kg bentonite,
1000L poly solution joins in 1000L humic acid solution, is modified bentonite processing.
3, fermentation process
3-1) spray water in compost fermentation granule, prepared moisture content is the compost fermentation granule of 50%；
3-2) joining in the compost fermentation granule that moisture content is 65% by microbial bacterial agent, fermentation catalyst, brown sugar, stirring is mixed
Even, prepare fermenting mixture, wherein, the weight (dry weight) of the garbage granule in compost fermentation granule and fermentation catalyst
Weight ratio is 95:5, and the amount of the fermentation catalyst quality added in i.e. every 95kg (dry weight) garbage granule is 5kg；Its
In, every 100kg (dry weight) garbage granule adds 0.25L microbial bacterial agent, wherein, effective viable bacteria >=2 in VT microbial inoculum
×108Individual/ml, effective viable bacteria is mainly made up of nearly 10 bacterial strains such as photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, yeast；Every 100kg
(dry weight) garbage granule adds 0.15kg brown sugar.
3-3) being stacked in fermentation tank by fermenting mixture, carry out banking up fermentation process, and monitors temperature and the moisture content of heap body,
The most each heap body width 2m, waste height 1.5m.
3-4) it is stacked in fermentation tank from fermenting mixture and starts calculating and bank up fermentation time, and monitor heap temperature and moisture content,
Along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, and during banking up when heap temperature rises to 55 DEG C, turns over
Heap is once；Along with the carrying out of fermentation, compost enters the megathermal period, when heap temperature is increased to more than 60 DEG C, heap temperature 60～
When 68 DEG C, every 3d turning once, makes heap body moisture content be maintained at 50% to heap body water spray simultaneously；When heap temperature reduces, enter
Entering compost cooldown period, when heap temperature is reduced to below 45 DEG C, every 9d turning is once；When heap temperature drops to 35 DEG C
Hereinafter, and when within continuous two days, temperature difference is less than 0.5 DEG C, turning is stopped.
4, become thoroughly decomposed process
The 30d that banks up is continued in the fermentation hybrid reactor body removal compost place stopping turning, it is thus achieved that agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate.
The agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and heap body is loose crumb structure, does not has stench, no longer
Attracting mosquitos and flies, it is as shown in table 1 that its performance prepares testing result.
Embodiment 4
1, the pretreatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
1-1) using pulverizer that agricultural wastes straw (wheat straw, rice straw etc.) carries out pulverization process, crossing aperture is the sieve of 2cm,
Make the garbage granule of particle diameter≤2cm；
1-2) adding carbamide in garbage granule, the C/N ratio of regulation garbage granule for 25:1, prepares compost fermentation granule.
2, preparation fermentation catalyst
2-1) preparation humic acid solution
Humic acid is joined in alkaline solution (concentration is the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2mol/L), stirring, it is uniformly dissolved, system
Becoming humic acid solution, wherein the concentration of humic acid solution is 1g/L, will 1g humic acid to be dissolved in the sodium hydroxide of 0.2mol/L molten
Liquid, and constant volume is to 1L, say, that in humic acid solution, the weight of humic acid is 1:1 with the ratio of the volume of alkaline solution, i.e.
1g humic acid is dissolved in 1L alkaline solution, 1kg humic acid solution 1000L alkaline solution.
2-2) preparation poly solution
Poly is joined in pure water, stir, make poly solution, the wherein volume of poly solution
Percent concentration is 1%, will 1L poly water constant volume to 100L, say, that poly in poly solution
The ratio of volume and the volume of water be 1:99, i.e. 1L poly is dissolved in 99L pure water, and it is pure that 1ml poly is dissolved in 99ml
Water purification.
2-3) bentonite modified process
10L poly solution is mixed with 10L humic acid solution, adds bentonite (400g), stirring, modification 3.5h
After, centrifugal, take lower sediment, dry at 80-90 DEG C, prepare fermentation catalyst (i.e. humic acid-poly-bentone
Soil), the most bentonitic weight is 40:1 with the ratio of the volume of humic acid solution, poly solution and the body of humic acid solution
Long-pending ratio is 1:1, i.e. every 40g bentonite, 1L poly solution join in 1L humic acid solution or every 40kg bentonite,
1000L poly solution joins in 1000L humic acid solution, is modified bentonite processing.
3, fermentation process
3-1) spray water in compost fermentation granule, prepared moisture content is the compost fermentation granule of 60%；
3-2) joining in the compost fermentation granule that moisture content is 60% by microbial bacterial agent, fermentation catalyst, brown sugar, stirring is mixed
Even, prepare fermenting mixture, wherein, the weight (dry weight) of the garbage in compost fermentation granule and the weight of fermentation catalyst
Ratio be 80:20, the amount of the fermentation catalyst quality added in i.e. every 80kg (dry weight) garbage granule is 20kg；Wherein,
Every 100kg (dry weight) garbage granule adds 0.2L VT microbial inoculum, wherein, effective viable bacteria >=2 × 10 in VT microbial inoculum8Individual/ml,
Effectively viable bacteria is mainly made up of nearly 10 bacterial strains such as photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, yeast；Every 100kg (dry weight)
Garbage granule adds 0.2kg brown sugar.
3-3) being stacked in fermentation tank by fermenting mixture, carry out banking up fermentation process, and monitors temperature and the moisture content of heap body,
The most each heap body width 2m, waste height 1.5m.
3-4) it is stacked in fermentation tank from fermenting mixture and starts calculating and bank up fermentation time, and monitor heap temperature and moisture content,
Along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, and during banking up when heap temperature rises to 55 DEG C, turns over
Heap is once；Along with the carrying out of fermentation, compost enters the megathermal period, when heap temperature is increased to more than 60 DEG C, heap temperature 60～
When 68 DEG C, every 2d turning once, makes heap body moisture content be maintained at 60% to heap body water spray simultaneously；If heap temperature is more than 68 DEG C
Time turning immediately, reduce heap temperature, simultaneously during turning control heap body moisture content make to remain 60%；When heap temperature reduces,
Entering compost cooldown period, when heap temperature is reduced to below 45 DEG C, every 8d turning is once；When heap temperature drops to 35 DEG C
Hereinafter, and when within continuous two days, temperature difference is less than 0.5 DEG C, turning is stopped.
4, become thoroughly decomposed process
The 45d that banks up is continued in the fermentation hybrid reactor body removal compost place stopping turning, it is thus achieved that agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate.
The agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and heap body is loose crumb structure, does not has stench,
No longer attracting mosquitos and flies, it is as shown in table 1 that its performance prepares testing result.
Embodiment 5
1, the pretreatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
1-1) using pulverizer that agricultural wastes (mushroom slag etc.) carry out pulverization process, crossing aperture is the sieve of 2cm, makes particle diameter
The garbage granule of≤2cm；
1-2) adding carbamide in garbage granule, the C/N ratio of regulation garbage granule for 25:1, prepares compost fermentation granule.
2, preparation fermentation catalyst
2-1) preparation humic acid solution
Humic acid is joined in alkaline solution (concentration is the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.20mol/L), stirring, it is uniformly dissolved, system
Becoming humic acid solution, wherein the concentration of humic acid solution is 1g/L, will 1g humic acid to be dissolved in the sodium hydroxide of 0.2mol/L molten
Liquid, and constant volume is to 1L, say, that in humic acid solution, the weight of humic acid is 1:1 with the ratio of the volume of alkaline solution, i.e.
Every 1g humic acid is dissolved in 1L alkaline solution or every 1kg humic acid is dissolved in 1000L alkaline solution.
2-2) preparation poly solution
Poly is joined in pure water, stir, make poly solution, the wherein volume of poly solution
Percent concentration is 1%, will 1L poly water constant volume to 100L, say, that poly in poly solution
The ratio of volume and the volume of water be 1:99, i.e. 1L poly is dissolved in 99L pure water, and it is pure that 1ml poly is dissolved in 99ml
Water purification.
2-3) bentonite modified process
10L poly solution is mixed with 10L humic acid solution, adds bentonite (400g), stirring, modification 3.5h
After, centrifugal, take lower sediment, dry at 80-90 DEG C, prepare fermentation catalyst (i.e. humic acid-poly-bentone
Soil), the most bentonitic weight is 40:1 with the ratio of the volume of humic acid solution, poly solution and the body of humic acid solution
Long-pending ratio is 1:1, i.e. every 40g bentonite, 1L poly solution join in 1L humic acid solution or every 40kg bentonite,
1000L poly solution joins in 1000L humic acid solution, is modified bentonite processing.
3, fermentation process
3-1) spray water in compost fermentation granule, prepared moisture content is the compost fermentation granule of 60%；
3-2) joining in the compost fermentation granule that moisture content is 60% by microbial bacterial agent, fermentation catalyst, brown sugar, stirring is mixed
Even, prepare fermenting mixture, wherein, the weight (dry weight) of the garbage in compost fermentation granule and the weight of fermentation catalyst
Ratio be 70:30, the amount of the fermentation catalyst quality added in i.e. every 70kg (dry weight) garbage granule is 30kg；Wherein,
Every 100kg (dry weight) garbage granule adds 0.2L VT microbial inoculum, wherein, effective viable bacteria >=2 × 10 in VT microbial inoculum8Individual/ml,
Effectively viable bacteria is mainly made up of nearly 10 bacterial strains such as photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, yeast；Every 100kg (dry weight)
Garbage granule adds 0.2kg brown sugar.
3-3) being stacked in fermentation tank by fermenting mixture, carry out banking up fermentation process, and monitors temperature and the moisture content of heap body,
The most each heap body width 2m, waste height 1.5m.
3-4) it is stacked in fermentation tank from fermenting mixture and starts calculating and bank up fermentation time, and monitor heap temperature and moisture content,
Along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, and during banking up when heap temperature rises to 55 DEG C, turns over
Heap is once；Along with the carrying out of fermentation, compost enters the megathermal period, when heap temperature is increased to more than 60 DEG C, heap temperature 60～
When 68 DEG C, every 3d turning once, makes heap body moisture content be maintained at 60% to heap body water spray simultaneously；If heap temperature is more than 68 DEG C
Time turning immediately, reduce heap temperature, simultaneously during turning control heap body moisture content make to remain 60%；When heap temperature reduces,
Entering compost cooldown period, when heap temperature is reduced to below 45 DEG C, every 9d turning is once；When heap temperature drops to 35 DEG C
Hereinafter, and when within continuous two days, temperature difference is less than 0.5 DEG C, turning is stopped.
4, become thoroughly decomposed process
The 45d that banks up is continued in the fermentation hybrid reactor body removal compost place stopping turning, it is thus achieved that agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate.
The agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and heap body is loose crumb structure, does not has stench,
No longer attracting mosquitos and flies, it is as shown in table 1 that its performance prepares testing result.
Reference examples 1
In addition in fermentation treatments of banking up without fermentation catalyst, remaining is same as in Example 1, discarding of preparation
Thing composting substrate performance measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Reference examples 2
1, the pretreatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
Same as in Example 1.
2, fermentation process
2-1) spray water in compost fermentation granule, prepared moisture content is the compost fermentation granule of 60%；
2-2) microbial bacterial agent, humic acid, brown sugar being added directly in the compost fermentation granule that moisture content is 60%, stirring is mixed
Even, prepare fermenting mixture, wherein, the weight (dry weight) of the garbage in compost fermentation granule and the weight ratio of humic acid
For 99:1, the amount of the humic acid added in i.e. every 99kg (dry weight) garbage granule is 1kg；Wherein, every 100kg (dry weight)
Garbage granule adds 0.2L microbial bacterial agent, wherein, effective viable bacteria >=2 × 10 in VT microbial inoculum8Individual/ml, effective viable bacteria
Mainly it is made up of nearly 10 bacterial strains such as photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, yeast；Every 100kg (dry weight) garbage
0.2kg brown sugar is added in Li.
2-3) being stacked in fermentation tank by fermenting mixture, carry out banking up fermentation process, and monitors temperature and the moisture content of heap body,
The most each heap body width 2m, waste height 1.5m.
2-4) it is stacked in fermentation tank from fermenting mixture and starts calculating and bank up fermentation time, and monitor heap temperature and moisture content,
Along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, and during banking up when heap temperature rises to 55 DEG C, turns over
Heap is once；Along with the carrying out of fermentation, compost enters the megathermal period, when heap temperature is increased to more than 60 DEG C, heap temperature 60～
When 68 DEG C, every 2d turning once, makes heap body moisture content be maintained at 60% to heap body water spray simultaneously；If heap temperature is more than 68 DEG C
Time turning immediately, reduce heap temperature, simultaneously during turning control heap body moisture content make to remain 60%；When heap temperature reduces,
Entering compost cooldown period, when heap temperature is reduced to below 45 DEG C, every 12d turning is once；When heap temperature drops to 35 DEG C
Hereinafter, and when within continuous two days, temperature difference is less than 0.5 DEG C, turning is stopped.
3, become thoroughly decomposed process
The 60d that banks up is continued in the fermentation hybrid reactor body removal compost place stopping turning, it is thus achieved that agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate, its property
Testing result can be prepared as shown in table 1.
Reference examples 3
Except processing step 2-2 in compost fermentation processing procedure) in microbial bacterial agent, poly, brown sugar be added directly into and contain
Water rate is in the compost fermentation granule of 60%, stirring and evenly mixing, prepares fermenting mixture, wherein, discarding in compost fermentation granule
The weight (dry weight) of thing and the weight ratio of poly are 95:5, add in i.e. every 95kg (dry weight) garbage granule
The amount of poly is outside 5L, and remaining is identical with reference examples 2, it is thus achieved that the performance preparation detection knot of agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate
Fruit is as shown in table 1.
Reference examples 4
Except processing step 2-2 in compost fermentation processing procedure) in microbial bacterial agent, bentonite, brown sugar join moisture content and be
In the compost fermentation granule of 60%, stirring and evenly mixing, prepare fermenting mixture, wherein, the weight of the garbage in compost fermentation granule
(dry weight) and bentonitic weight ratio are 85:15, the bentonitic amount added in i.e. every 85kg (dry weight) garbage granule
Outside 15kg, remaining is identical with reference examples 2, it is thus achieved that the performance of agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate prepares testing result such as table 1 institute
Show.
Reference examples 5
Except processing step 2-2 in compost fermentation processing procedure) in microbial bacterial agent, humic acid, poly, bentonite,
Brown sugar is added directly in the compost fermentation granule that moisture content is 60%, stirring and evenly mixing, prepares fermenting mixture, wherein, compost
The weight (dry weight) of the garbage in ferment particulate and bentonitic weight ratio are 85:15, and i.e. every 85kg (dry weight) discards
The bentonitic amount added in composition granule is outside 15kg, and remaining is identical with reference examples 2, it is thus achieved that agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting substrate
It is as shown in table 1 that performance prepares testing result.
Reference examples 6
In addition in fermentation treatments of banking up without fermentation catalyst, remaining is the same as in Example 4, discarding of preparation
Thing composting substrate performance measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Reference examples 7
In addition in fermentation treatments of banking up without fermentation catalyst, remaining is same as in Example 5, discarding of preparation
Thing composting substrate performance measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 composting substrate basic chemical property
The testing result of table 1 shows:
1, the composting substrate product pH of the present invention reduces 1-1.5 unit than comparison, and EC reduces 0.3-0.5ms cm-1, TOC,
Full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium and content of humic acid significantly improve.
2, pH value not only can affect form and the effective content thereof of nutrient in substrate, and the most different plants are different to the requirement of pH value,
The pH value of castoff compost substrate prepared by the inventive method is in plant, normal range between 4.50-8.50 of flower growth, suitable
In plant growing.Happiness acid flowers such as Ericaceae, Theaceae most plants, also Flos Gardeniae, orchid, Flos micheliae Albae,
Elaeocarpus decipiens, Flos Osmanthi Fragrantis and most babassus etc. are at 5.00～6.50 well-growns, and basophilous plant such as Fructus Elaeagni Angustifoliae, white beeswax, Cacumen Platycladi etc. exist
7.50～8.50 well-growns, indeterminate plant is at 6.50～7.50 well-growns.Outside depolarization minority happiness acid flowers, most of flowers exist
Well-grown under neutrallty condition.
It is to make solution osmotic pressure improve that matrix solution salt content the most directly affects, and causes gardening plant root system cannot absorb water
Point, thus cause the physiological drought of plant.Normal EC value scope should be between 0.12～1.20mS/cm.
The acid-base value of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention is that weak acid is the most neutral, and pH is 6.35-6.57；EC value is 0.52-0.97mS
/ cm, illustrates that the cultivation solid matrix of the present invention can provide stable matrix growth environment for plant, to plant nonhazardous effect,
The nutritional solution putting on plant is had no adverse effects, does not affect the balance of nutritional solution.
3, in the soilless culture substrate of the present invention, total nitrogen content is 1.9537-2.7983%, and available phosphorus contents is 0.195-0.296%,
Quick-acting potassium content is 0.99-1.13%, and content of humic acid is 19.7-27.8%, and total content of organic carbon is 18.53-38.26%, nutrition
Rational in infrastructure, beneficially plant absorption, meet plant growing needs.
4, compared with embodiment, the pH of reference examples exceeds 1-2 unit, especially without the reference examples 1 of fermentation catalyst
And individually add bentonitic reference examples 4, and reaching more than 8.50, the pH of composting substrate exceeds ideal range；Each reference examples
EC, more than 1.8, restrains oneself value beyond plant normal growth；Also found by contrast, although individually add the comparison of humic acid
Example 2 total nitrogen content and content of humic acid are slightly higher, but still less than 3 embodiments；The reference examples 3 individually adding poly makes
The pH of composting substrate slightly reduces, but other indexs are the most undesirable；From reference examples 4 it can be seen that be likely to be due to bentonite clay material
Itself cause composting substrate rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content slightly higher, but its independent interpolation significantly increases pH and EC；From reference examples 5
It can be seen that without modification, simply add humic acid, poly and bentonitic mixture in compost, not only do not have
Increase the organic matter of composting substrate, nutrient and content of humic acid, but also make pH and EC higher.
Can be seen that with reference examples 6 from embodiment 4, although straw self nutrient content is relatively low, pH and EC is the highest, but add
Embodiment 4 organic matter, nutrient and the content of humic acid of fermentation catalyst are apparently higher than reference examples 6.
Equally, from embodiment 5 with reference examples 7 it can be seen that mushroom slag is owing to have passed through the production process of edible fungi, the former material of part
Expecting humification, so its nutrient and content of humic acid are the highest, but raw material with the addition of partial alkaline thing when producing edible fungi
Matter, causes pH and EC higher, but the interpolation of fermentation catalyst in embodiment, the two plant sensitive indicator is reduced to ideal
Scope.
5, the fermentation catalyst of present invention research and development has been broken Traditional compost and has been added the mixed matching pattern of inorganic material, natural by adding
Environment-friendly materials improve the physical and chemical index obstruction factor of substrate.In conjunction with humic acid and poly modified alta-mud, pass through ion exchange
With chemisorbed, solving Traditional compost pH and the high bottleneck problem of EC value, product is stable, avirulence, carries for flower culture
Substitute substrate for preferable organic ecological peat, also provide new method for base material improvement.
The mensuration of test example 1 cultivation matrix germination percentage
The castoff compost substrate air-dried of embodiment 1-5 and reference examples 1-6 is extracted in the ratio of 1:5 (V/V) with distilled water
After 24h, qualitative filter paper filters.Take compost extraction 5ml, be added to be covered with in the 9cm culture dish of 2 metafiltration paper, in each training
Support in ware and put into 20, Herba Apii seed (being purchased from fully stocked wood flowers market, Beijing), with distilled water as blank.Put into
Carry out germination test in 25 DEG C of constant incubators, take out after cultivating 48h and observe, record germination number, calculate germination percentage.
And use electronic cursor slide calliper rule to measure the root length degree of chitting piece, calculate germination percentage and germination index according to formula: measurement result is shown in
Table 2.
Germination percentage (%)=seed mean germination number/seed sum × 100%
Germination index (GI)=(radicle length meansigma methods × chitting piece number)/(comparison radicle length meansigma methods × chitting piece number)
Table 2 composting substrate germination percentage and germination index
The testing result of table 2 shows:
1, show according to the study: germination percentage is more than 80%, illustrates that compost is nontoxic and fermenting-ripening, is suitably used as soilless culture base
Matter.The germination percentage of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention reaches 92-100%, and germination index reaches 1.26-1.58.Reason with import peat
Change Nature comparison, composting production physicochemical property prepared by the present invention be improved significantly, be more suitable for plant growing, germination percentage and sending out
Bud index improves notable.
2, cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention can effectively strengthen plant nutrient absorption and root system development, promotes plant seed germination.Send out
Bud rate and germination index height also illustrate that substrate of the present invention is nontoxic, harmless, and suitable for plant normal growth is grown.And, system of the present invention
Standby cultivation matrix quality has reached the quality of import peat growing medium, can apply to the soilless culture of plant.
3, the compost not become thoroughly decomposed contains phytotoxicity material, and the growth to plant produces inhibitory action, and toxicity is degraded with composting material
Process is relevant, needs to become thoroughly decomposed to eliminate this phytotoxicity.In view of the Practical significance of compost maturity, seed germination experiment is
The method evaluating compost most cogency.It is reported, many plant seeds grow in non-matured compost extract and are suppressed,
And grow in the compost become thoroughly decomposed and be promoted, the present invention chooses Herba Apii Seed Inspection compost toxicity size, to judge that heap body is
No become thoroughly decomposed completely.Cultivation matrix compost prepared by the result of the test reflection present invention becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, illustrates that fermentation catalyst accelerates heap
Fertile speed, improves the quality of product simultaneously.
Test example 2 Cutting test
The cultivation of embodiment of the present invention 1-5 and reference examples 1-6 it is respectively adopted in Bei Lin Science and Technology Co., Ltd. of Beijing greenhouse
Substrate carries out the Cutting test in new guinea impatiens ' honeymoon '.Full-automatic temperature-controlling, scavenging utilities in greenhouse, it is possible to ensure in examination
Test period, provide a metastable suitable growth environment for material to be tested.
Choose plant height about 8cm, leaf growth healthy and strong consistent, root system is complete, without the new guinea impatiens (good baby is serial) of pest and disease damage
Cutting, often processes 100 cutting, cuttage in 50 hole dishes, often processes and use 2 hole tray, add up each process after 15d
Rooting percent, and the Plug seedling of each process is transplanted to the plastic flowerpot of same specification, divide in managing throughout after upper basin 65d
Other random searching 5 strain plant, and root is sticked together from flowerpot take out, be respectively placed in bucket clean, carry out chlorophyll content in leaf blades,
The mensuration of the indexs such as root system fresh weight, total root length, tip of a root number, root system surface area.
The portable Chlorophyll meter of chlorophyll content in leaf blades SPAD-502Plus measures, total root length, tip of a root number, root system surface
The index such as long-pending measures with WinRHIZO root scanner, and measurement result is respectively as shown in table 3-4.
Table 3 cuttage root-taking situation
Note: described growth early stage refers to before cuttage (when that cutting buying, the background values recorded)；Described Later growth refers to plant (new guinea impatiens after basin
(good baby series)) cuttage 65d time the result that measures.
Table 4 cuttage root-taking situation
Note: described growth early stage refers to before cuttage (when that cutting buying, the background values recorded)；Described Later growth refers to plant (new guinea impatiens after basin
(good baby series)) cuttage 65d time the result that measures.
Measurement result from table 3,4:
1, show according to the study: composting production cutting plantation prepared by the present invention reaches 96-100%, and composting production of the present invention is described
Nontoxic, harmless.
2, composting production prepared by the present invention make new guinea impatiens take root situation be improved significantly, heap prepared by the present invention is described
Fertilizer product physicochemical property obtains improving substantially, is more suitable for plant establishment.
3, new guinea impatiens ' honeymoon ' root growth of castoff compost cuttage prepared by the employing present invention is sturdy, and tip of a root number is many,
Total root length degree is long, and root system surface area is big, and the chlorophyll content of plant leaf is high, and exterior quality is good.
4, the castoff compost using the inventive method to prepare carries out the cuttage in new guinea impatiens ' honeymoon ', rooting rate, root system
Fresh weight, total root length, tip of a root number, root system surface area, blade chlorophyll content compared with corresponding reference examples, dramatically increase,
Show to use the inventive method to add humic acid modified bentonite in agriculture and forestry organic waste material fermented manure preparation process as fermentation catalysis
Agent has the effect of potentiation to the degraded of agriculture and forestry organic waste material so that garbage fermentative degradation is abundant, generates and is beneficial to root system of plant absorption
Effective ingredient, the castoff compost quality of preparation is high.
5, all play the effect of cultivation medium because of substrate and soil, use as plant growing carrier.Flowers are to substrate physicochemical property
Requiring higher, research and propose, new guinea impatiens cuttage can be as the indicative plant of checking cultivation matrix growth adaptability.
The cultivation matrix using the present invention carries out new guinea impatiens cuttage root-taking in order, illustrates that plant prepared by the inventive method is planted
Training substrate can remarkably promote the growth in plant new guinea impatiens ' honeymoon ', and fermentation catalyst humic acid in the inventive method of surface-
The compost fermentation of agriculture and forestry organic waste material is degraded and is had the effect of remarkably promoting by poly-modified alta-mud.Ready availability from raw material, economical
Property angularly considers, the cultivation matrix of the present invention has a extensive future.
Claims (10)
1. the method utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material to prepare plant cultivation media, comprises the steps: 1) spray water in agriculture and forestry organic waste material,
Regulation agriculture and forestry organic waste material moisture content；2) in agriculture and forestry organic waste material, add fermentation catalyst, microbial bacterial agent, brown sugar, stir
After, carry out fermentation process.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2) described in the weight of agriculture and forestry organic waste material and described fermentation catalyst
Amount part proportioning is 70-95:5-30.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, step 2) described in fermentation catalyst be humic acid and poly-Malaysia
The bentonite of acid modification.
4. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, step 2) described in every 100kg agricultural in fermentation treatments
The volume 0.15-0.25L of the described microbial bacterial agent added in garbage.
5. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, step 2) described in microbial bacterial agent select VT-1000 microbial inoculum,
EM microbial inoculum.
6. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, add in described fermentation treatments in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material
Weight 0.15-0.25kg of the brown sugar entered.
7. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, step 2) described in fermentation process include what order below was carried out
Step:
2-1) that the fermentation catalyst stirred, microbial bacterial agent, brown sugar, agriculture and forestry organic waste material heap is in heaps, carry out fermentation of banking up,
And in sweat of banking up, monitor temperature and the moisture content of heap body；
2-2) when heap temperature is increased to 55 DEG C, carry out turning process；
2-3) when heap temperature is increased to more than 60 DEG C, within every 2-5 days, carry out a turning and process, and regulate heap body moisture content；
2-4) when heap temperature is reduced to below 55 DEG C, within every 7-12 days, carry out a turning and process；
2-5) drop to less than 35 DEG C when heap temperature, and when within continuous two days, temperature difference is less than 0.5 DEG C, stop turning；
2-6) continue to bank up 30-60 days by the fermentation hybrid reactor body stopping turning, to obtain final product.
8. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, step 1) described in spray water, regulation in agriculture and forestry organic waste material
Agriculture and forestry organic waste material moisture content is 50-65%.
9. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, also include step 1A) in agriculture and forestry organic waste material, add animal dung
Just or/and after the carbon-nitrogen ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, the described agriculture and forestry organic waste material of regulation is 20-30:1, contain carrying out described regulation garbage
Water rate.
10. a plant cultivation matrix, is characterized in that being prepared from according to method as described in claim 1-9 is arbitrary.
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| CN106900413A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-06-30 | 东莞植物园 | Luxuriant tongue orchid cultivation matrix that a kind of utilization garden waste makes and preparation method thereof |
| CN106957192A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-18 | 广东垦成环保科技股份有限公司 | Fertilizer special for tobacco and preparation method thereof |
| CN107628832A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-26 | 惠州市四季绿农业科学研究院 | A kind of organic fruits and vegetables class growing nursery and culture matrix based on shoot vegetable residue |
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| CN106386156A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-02-15 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Planting method for improving quality of tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety NC55 |
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| CN106900413B (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2019-12-17 | 东莞植物园 | cymbidium bracteatum culture medium prepared from garden waste and preparation method thereof |
| CN107628832A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-26 | 惠州市四季绿农业科学研究院 | A kind of organic fruits and vegetables class growing nursery and culture matrix based on shoot vegetable residue |
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| CN108552013A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-21 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of preparation method of cultivation matrix and the fermentation determination method of cultivation matrix |
| CN109964786A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-07-05 | 滨州职业学院 | The production method of the full nutrition fermentation compression cultivation matrix of beach saline land circular biological |
| CN112544392A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 深圳市方森园林花卉有限公司 | Method for preparing cultivation soil by using garden plant wastes |
| CN115362907A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-11-22 | 湖南鹞翔环保能源科技有限公司 | Formed cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
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